Manatee, saniya na teku ko trichechus sun ƙunshi jinsin dabbobi masu shayarwa na sirenid waɗanda ke cikin dangin trichechid (Trichchidae) kuma shine kaɗai ke wakiltar wannan dangi. Idan kuna son sanin komai game da manatee, muna ba da shawarar ku ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin.
Da Manatee
An santa da zama dabbar da ba ta da kyau sosai kuma abincinta yana da ciyawa, mafi yawan lokuta ana amfani da ita don nema da cin tsire-tsire daga gaɓar teku da gaɓar ruwa na ruwa. Manatee yana ciyar da rayuwarsa duka a cikin ruwan gishiri da kuma cikin ruwa mai dadi, amma yana kusa da bakin tekun Afirka da Amurka.
Wannan dabba daya tilo ne dan adam, kuma duk da cewa ba a tantance ta ba, ana iya tunanin cewa a wasu lokuta maharbin kifayen sun iya kai hari kan manatee, saboda manatee, kasancewarsa babba, mai kiba. kuma sannu a hankali, don haka sun dace da ganima ga kifayen kifaye.
Amma saboda geographical rarraba trichechids, wanda aka samu da gaske a cikin bakin tekun ruwa da kuma sosai m, da kuma a cikin ruwa mai tsabta located a cikin wurare masu zafi, a cikin abin da kisa Whales ba za a iya kusan samu, muna da imani cewa manatee ne mai lafiya. daga tsinkaya.
Ma'anar sunan ku
Kalmar manatee a cikin yaren ƴan asalin Caribbean, na nufin tare da uwaye. Amma sunanta na kimiyya ya samo asali ne daga kalmar Latin trichechus, wanda ke nufin ƙananan gashin gashi ko bristles da za a iya gani a jikinsa, yayin da manatus ya samo asali daga kalmar Helenanci μανάτος ko manatos, wanda ke da alaka da wani abu da ya dace da kowa. saboda suna shayar da 'ya'yansu.
Sauran sunayen da aka yi amfani da su wajen sanya su su ne tlakamichin, wanda ke hade da kalmomin Nahuatl tlaka, wanda ke nufin mutum, da michin, wanda ke nufin kifi; da awakash wanda ke nufin saniya ruwa, shi ma a Nahuatl.
Haraji
A cewar masana kimiyya, wannan ilimin ya ƙunshi jinsin 3 waɗanda suke:
- Trichechus manatus - Caribbean ko Florida manatee
- Trichechus senegalensis - Manatee na Afirka
- Trichechus inunguis - Manatee na Amazon
Ko da yake wasu masu bincike sun yi iƙirarin cewa akwai nau'i na huɗu, wanda shine:
- Trichechus pygmaeus - pygmy manatee
Bayanin Manatee
Manatee na Yammacin Indiya babban dabbar ruwa ne, launinsa launin toka ne, yana da jiki wanda ke rugujewa a saman filaye, wutsiyarsa kamar filafili ko cokali. Yana da tsage-tsafe guda biyu waɗanda suka zama hannaye, waɗanda za su yi kama da fins, amma kowannensu yana da farata uku ko huɗu. Kansu da fuskarsu cike suke da gyale kuma suna da whisker a hancinsu, saboda ba su da baki.
'Yan uwanta na kusa su ne giwaye da hyraxes, wadanda ƙananan dabbobi ne masu girman gophers. An yi imani da cewa manatee ya samo asali daga wani sashi na ruwa herbivorous dabba.
Manatee na yammacin Indiya yana da alaƙa da manatee na Afirka ta Yamma, Manatee Amazonian, Dugong, da saniya na ruwa na Steller, wanda aka farautar da ƙarshensa har sai da ta ɓace a cikin 1768. Babban manatee ya kai kimanin mita uku a tsayi kuma na iya auna kimanin kilo 550.
Wurin zama da rarrabawa
Manatee yana zaune ne a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, koguna masu tafiya sannu a hankali, magudanar ruwa mai gishiri, magudanar ruwa, yankunan bakin teku, da magudanan ruwa, musamman inda akwai makiyayar da ke da ciyayi na ruwa ko kuma inda ciyawar ruwa ke da yawa. Ka tuna cewa manatees nau'in ƙaura ne, don haka za su je wuraren da abinci ya fi dacewa.
A Amurka, suna cikin jihar Florida a lokacin hunturu. A cikin watanni na bazara muna iya samunsa a bakin tekun yammacin jihar Texas da kuma a arewa har zuwa jihar Massachusetts, amma an gan su a jihohin South Carolina, Georgia da Alabama a lokacin rani.
Dangane da manatee na Antillean, ana samun mazauninta a bakin tekun da koguna na Amurka ta tsakiya da kuma bakin tekun arewacin Amurka ta Kudu, kodayake kasancewarsa a cikin waɗannan yankuna ya ƙare sosai, komai zai dogara da yanayin muhalli. , yanayi da abinci.
Rarraba bisa ga nau'in
Nau'in trichechus senegalensis yana zaune a bakin tekun yammacin Afirka; da trichechus inunguis yana zaune a gabar gabashin Amurka ta Kudu da kuma cikin kogin Amazon, kuma na uku, trichechus manatus, yana zaune a cikin Antilles da koguna da estuaries a wannan yankin na Tekun Caribbean, musamman a kusa da bakin tekun Jamhuriyar Dominican. wurin da akwai abubuwan da suka dace, kasancewar ƙasa ta farko da aka samar da dokoki don kare su.
An rarrabe da Florida Manatee a matsayin masu kudi, da ake kira Trichechus Ma'alus Latidus, kuma an rarraba man India Manatus.
A cikin 'yan lokutan nan, an kwatanta nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) an kwatanta, kamar yadda muka riga muka ambata, dwarf manatee ko trichechus bernhandi. Yana da nau'in da ke kusa da manatee na Amazon, wanda zai iya zama nau'i na nau'i, kuma wanda kawai ya kai 1,3 m a tsawon kuma mazauninsa yana da ƙuntatawa, kawai 120 km a kan bankunan kogin Aruainho, wanda yake shi ne tributary na Aripuanii. inda akwai ruwaye da igiyoyin ruwa kuma yana ciyarwa a kwance.
The West Indian manatee rayuwa rarraba tsakanin Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Jamaica, Cuba da kuma a cikin Bahamas.
Abincin
Da yake Manatee dabba ce mai ban sha'awa, tana ciyar da tsire-tsire daban-daban, irin su algae da ganyen mangrove. Don cin abincinsu suna amfani da lebbansu na sama, wanda aka raba, wanda shine sifa ta physiognomic. Babban manatee na iya cinye har zuwa kashi tara na nauyin jikinsa, wanda ya kai kilo 50 a kowace rana. Ya saba wa manatee ya ci kifi lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Halayyar
Domin dabba ce mai shayarwa, sai manatee ta tashi sama sama don shakar iska, tunda suna da tsarin huhu. Hanyar hutun su shine su nutse zuwa kasa, kusa da saman ruwa, suna shaka kowane minti uku zuwa biyar a matsakaici, amma idan sun nuna kuzari mai yawa, dole ne su tashi su tsaya a saman. numfashi kowane dakika talatin.
Amma idan aka huta, an tabbatar da cewa ana iya nutsar da manna a cikin ruwa na tsawon mintuna ashirin. Manatee na iya yin iyo a cikin gudun kilomita talatin a cikin sa'a idan tazarar ta yi gajere, amma gudun ninkayar da ya saba yi yana tsakanin kilomita biyar zuwa takwas a cikin sa'a guda.
Tsawon rayuwa, mace-mace da yawan jama'a
Manatee ba shi da abokan gaba na halitta kuma ana tsammanin tsawon rayuwarsa ya zama shekaru 60 ko kadan. Kamar yadda a cikin kowane nau'in dabbobin da ke rayuwa a cikin daji, an danganta kaso na yawan mace-macen manatee ga abubuwan halitta, kamar damuwa mai sanyi, matsalolin gastrointestinal, ciwon huhu da sauran cututtuka na yau da kullun.
Kashi mai yawa na mace-mace na da alaƙa da sanadin ɗan adam. A gagarumin adadin manatee mutuwar ne saboda karo da kwale-kwale a Florida, kuma saboda an matse ko nutse a cikin makullai ko tsarin sarrafa ambaliya ko ingesting ƙugiya, datti, ko igiyoyi da kuma zama entangled a kaguwa keji Lines.
A cikin 'yan lokutan, da tabarbarewar da kuma asarar su mazauni ne mafi tsanani barazana da manatees sun fuskanci duniya. Abin baƙin ciki ne don bayar da rahoton cewa bisa ga masu bincike na Florida, a cikin 2011 yawan mutanen manatee ya kasance mutane 4.834.
Sake bugun
Its lambobi dabi'u na haifuwa ne low, to wannan dole ne a kara da cewa manatee bai dace da haifuwa har ya kai shekaru biyar. A cewar binciken, a manatee maraƙi ana zaton za a haifa a cikin shekaru biyu zuwa biyar, da kuma biyu haihuwa ne musamman rare. Lokacin yana da tsawo saboda lokacin gestation na manatee yana da watanni goma sha uku kuma suna buƙatar lokaci don kula da 'ya'yansu kafin su sami wani.
Kamar yadda muka yi nuni a baya, duk shekara 2 zuwa 5 mace ta kan haifi maraki, wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram talatin da biyar a lokacin haihuwa, tsawonsa ya kai santimita 90 zuwa 120. Tun daga farkon lokacin, matasa sun dogara kacokan ga mahaifiyarsu don su rayu kuma su kasance tare da ita na akalla shekaru biyu.
A cikin wannan nau'in, uwa ce kawai ke kula da kulawa da ciyar da samari, tana ciyar da shi da madara har sai haƙoransa sun yi kyau kuma ya ba shi damar sarrafawa da ciyar da tsire-tsire da kanta. Matasan manya ne idan sun kai shekara hudu kuma haifuwarsu ta jima'i ne ta hanyar hadi a ciki.
Barazana da kariya
Manatee ya kasance wanda aka azabtar da farautar namansa da kitsensa, amma a halin yanzu yana da kariya.
Abin baƙin ciki, Antillean ko Caribbean manatee, kamar yadda kuma ake kira, a yau wani nau'i ne wanda ke cikin hadarin lalacewa. An rage mazauninta ta hanyar mamayewar mutum, an rage shi a wurare da yawa. Saboda wannan, dole ne a samar da wuraren ajiyar yanayi, irin su Río Dulce, a Guatemala, wanda da alama ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka kare na ƙarshe don manatee.
A cikin yanayin manatee na Florida, saboda an rarraba shi sama da layin Tropic of Cancer, an lura cewa suna taruwa a mafi yawan lokuta a wuraren da ke kusa da tushen zafi na wucin gadi kamar na'urorin lantarki.
Abin da ke faruwa a lokacin da suka yi haka shi ne cewa ba sa yin motsi na ƙaura kuma sun fara dogara da wannan tushen zafi na wucin gadi, amma lokacin da kuka rufe tsire-tsire ya zama dole a ci gaba da dumama ruwa don hana bacewar manatee. yawan jama'a.
A ranar 15 ga Yuli, 2014, Majalisar Dokokin Costa Rica ta ayyana manatee a matsayin alama ta kasa ta dabbobin ruwa, tare da manufar inganta kiyaye ta, yayin da a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2019, Adán Augusto López Hernández, Gwamnan Tabasco ya ayyana Jonuta, a Tabasco. Mexico, a matsayin yanki mai kariya ga manatee.
Kariyar doka
Manatee na Antillean a halin yanzu ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin dabbobin da ke cikin haɗarin bacewa, a cikin Shafi na I na CITES (Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta Duniya a cikin Dabbobin Dabbobin daji da Flora); ta yadda duk wani nau'in ciniki a cikin samfuran da suka samo asali daga manatee an haramta.
IUCN (Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halittu) kuma ta ɗauki Manatee na Yammacin Indiya (Trichechus manatus manatus) cikin haɗarin bacewa. Yana da kyau a san cewa dukkanin sirenia genus yana kiyaye shi ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta Cartagena Convention (SPAW) wanda ya hana ɗaukar, kisa, siyan ko siyar da manatees, gami da sassa ko samfuran da aka yi daga manatees.
Namun daji yana ajiyar inda ake samun Manatees
A ƙasa muna iya ganin wurare daban-daban inda Manatees ke zama:
- Fata da gishiri - Honduras
- Chocón Machacas Kariyar Biotope (a cikin Río Dulce basin, Lake Izabal) - Guatemala
- Chetumal Bay - Mexico
- Estero Hondo - Jamhuriyar Dominican
- Jaragua National Park - Dominican Republic
- Bay of the Eagles - Jamhuriyar Dominican
- Tortuguero National Park - Costa Rica
- Turuépano National Park - Sucre State - Venezuela
- Bararida Zoological and Botanical Park – Lara State – Venezuela
- Fatar Gudun Hijira da Salado - La Ceiba, Atlántida - Honduras
- Wuri Mai Tsarki na manatee - Poblado tsuntsaye - Los buchecos Jonuta, Tabasco, Mexico
- Lagoon na Catazaja Chiapas; Mexico
- Laguna de Caratasca Biological Reserve - Na gode Allah (Honduras)
- San San Pod Sak Bocas del Toro, Panama
Muna ba da shawarar waɗannan wasu labarai masu ban sha'awa:
- Dabbobin ruwa
- Dabbobin ƙasa
- Dabbobin noma