da teku masu shayarwa Suna da alaƙa da samun kakanni na duniya a cikin layinsu na juyin halitta, da kuma wasu gyare-gyaren da ke ba su damar ciyar da wani yanki mai yawa na rayuwarsu a cikin yanayin ruwa. Za a ambaci wasu nau'ikan a ƙasa don sanin kawai wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 13 waɗanda suka fada cikin wannan rarrabuwa.
Dabbobin dabbobi
Tsakanin nau'ikan dabbobin ruwa 120 zuwa 130 dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, da yawa daga cikinsu na cikin iyalai daban-daban da umarni, har ma wasu nau'ikan da su ma suka fada cikin daya daga cikin wadannan umarni na iya zama ba dabbobi masu shayarwa ba. Saboda haka, ba zai yiwu a yi magana game da cikakken aji ko na takamaiman tsari ba, sai dai na takamaiman jinsi ko nau'in.
Abin da ke da alaƙa da waɗannan nau'o'in shine, bincike ya tabbatar da cewa sun dace da teku ta hanyoyi daban-daban, a tsarin jikinsu, a cikin abincinsu da kuma yadda suke daidaita yanayin yanayin su. Cetaceans, alal misali, sun saba da teku gaba ɗaya har ta kai ga sun kasance a cikinsa duk rayuwarsu (ko da yake dolphins da killer whales wani lokaci suna tsalle a saman), wasu nau'in suna barin teku a wasu lokuta.
Wani batu da ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin su (kuma wanda ba shi da kyau) shi ne cewa yawancin nau'in nau'in 130 suna karkashin kariya saboda suna cikin jerin sunayen. dabbobi masu hatsari a duniya. Wannan saboda dalilai daban-daban, farautar waɗannan dabbobin ya zama al'ada ga fatar da suke da su, kitse ko mai, saboda ana amfani da naman su don ciyar da wasu mutane da dai sauransu. Gaskiyar ita ce adadin su ya ragu saboda ayyukan ɗan adam.
Umarni
Kamar yadda aka ambata, waɗannan nau'ikan 130 ba sa cikin tsari ɗaya, dangi ko aji. Koyaya, ana iya yin tsari na babban ɓangaren waɗannan nau'ikan zuwa rukuni uku:
- Na farkonsu shi ne odar mermaid: Suna cikin babban tsari mai suna Afrotheria, inda ake samun nau'ikan halittun ƙasa kamar giwaye. The dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa na wannan oda su ne manatees da dugong.
- Na biyu shine babba Odar Cetacea: Wannan ya hada da wasu nau'ikan kifaye guda goma sha biyar da fiye da nau'in cetaceans sama da 70. Wannan odar ta cetartiodactyla mai girma, inda ake samun nau'ikan halittu kamar raƙuma, raƙuman ruwa da hippopotamuses.
- Sannan akwai odar cin abinci, wanda ya haɗa da dangin pinnipeds waɗanda ke hatimi, walruses da hatimi. Akwai kuma dangin mustelids, inda akwai ƙwanƙolin teku da kurayen teku. A ƙarshe, an haɗa shi a cikin marine dabbobi masu shayarwa Polar bears, wanda ko da yake suna ciyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a kan ƙasa, suna da kyakkyawar dacewa da yanayin ruwa.
Daidaitawa ga yanayin ruwa
Wadannan nau’o’in jinsuna a cikin zuriyarsu suna da akalla nau’in halittu guda daya da suke gangarowa daga gare su, don haka za a iya cewa sun dace da yanayin ruwa da suke a halin yanzu. Wasu gyare-gyare sun kasance:
- Hydrodynamic: wanda ya ba su damar canza gaɓoɓi da wutsiya zuwa fins, sun daina samun gashi kuma wuyansu ya fi guntu don sauƙaƙe yin iyo.
- Thermoregulatory: Wadannan nau'ikan ko dai suna da kitse mai kauri a karkashin fatarsu don sarrafa zafinsu a cikin teku, ko kuma suna da gashin gashin da ke sanya ruwa (kamar otters na teku).
- Haihuwa: leɓunansu na iya yin ɓarna, wanda ke ba da damar madarar kada ta ɓace a tsakiya lokacin da suke cikin shayarwa.
- Numfashi: Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan dole ne su hau zuwa numfashi amma karfin huhunsu ya fi na sauran nau'ikan halittun kasa girma, bugu da kari diaphragm dinsu da sauran sassan jikinsu suna hana su samun kumburin ciki yayin da suke nutsewa sosai.
Wasu nau'ikan
Daga cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa guda 130 na ruwa, wadannan sune aka fi sani a duniya:
Whales
Whales duka dangi ne da ake kira Balaenidae wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu: Balaena mysticetus, Eubalaena australis, Eubalaena glacialis da Eubalaena japonica. Ko da yake a lokacin da ake magana game da whales, ana kuma yin la'akari ga cetaceans na wasu umarni irin su abin da ake kira "baleen whales", daga cikinsu akwai. shuɗin whale ko maniyyi whale. Ko ta yaya, dukkansu suna cikin rarrabuwar ma'auratan ruwa.
Whales suna da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in ƙasa, lokacin da suke manya suna iya auna tsakanin mita 15 ko 17 tsayi kuma suna auna daga 50 zuwa 80 ton. Wasu siffofi na musamman na waɗannan nau'ikan da suka bambanta su da sauran dabbobin ruwa sune:
- Lokacin da suke barci, rabin kwakwalwarsu ne kawai ke "kashe" don kada jikinsu ya nutse.
- Suna iya rayuwa kusan shekaru talatin.
- Suna da wutsiya wanda ke tsaye a kwance, wanda ke ba su damar tashi sama da sauri da sauƙi.
- 'Ya'yansu na duniya har yanzu sun bar wani muhimmin hali wanda shine cewa suna buƙatar numfashi akai-akai, suna iya wucewa awa daya a nutse ba tare da zuwa saman ba, amma suna buƙatar tashi don numfashi kuma shi ya sa ake yawan ganin su.
- Dangane da lokacin ciki, za su iya ɗaukar tsawon shekara guda tare da ɗan maraƙi a ciki. Suna iya samun daya a lokaci guda, yaran nasu yawanci suna auna tsakanin mita biyar ko ma fiye, yayin da nauyinsu zai kai kilogiram 3.000, duk albarkacin abincin da mahaifiyarsu ke ci.
- Abincin su ya ƙunshi nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na crustaceans, ko da yake yawancin su ne wadanda suke da ƙananan girma kuma suna samuwa a cikin teku, irin su copepods. Hakanan, suna ciyar da euphausiaceans ko krill da yawa.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da yawa daga cikin nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa suna cikin haɗarin bacewa. Whales na ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in kifi) ana farautar su ne tun daga karni na sha daya kuma cikin sauki tun da girmansu ya hana su yin gaggawar gudu daga masu garkuwa da su. Baya ga haka, ba su nutse ba a lokacin da suka mutu saboda jikinsu yana dauke da kitse mai yawa, don haka kama su ya yi sauki sosai.
Dabbobin ruwa
Dolphins iyali ne da ke da nau'ikan nau'ikan sama da 30 a duniya, masu cin nama ne, amma suna mu'amala da mutane sosai saboda suna zaune a yankunan teku da ke kusa da gabar teku. Za su iya auna tsakanin mita 2 zuwa 8 tsayi, kodayake akwai samfurori da aka kwatanta da girman da ya fi wannan iyaka.
Hankalin wannan nau'in sifa ce da aka ambata a koyaushe idan ana magana game da su, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan, ban da cewa suna da alaƙa sosai, koyaushe suna zama tare da ƙungiyoyin dolphins har 1000. Duk da haka, fadan da ke tsakanin su yana da matukar tashin hankali, amma wannan ba sau da yawa ba ne. Haƙiƙa, suna kula da junansu idan akwai wani ɗan ƙungiyar da ba shi da lafiya ko kuma ya sami rauni.
Dangane da haifuwarsu, da farko suna iya kasancewa cikin aiwatar da ciki na tsawon shekara guda ko wata goma sha ɗaya kacal. Kodayake daya daga cikin nau'in dangin Delphinidae - kisa mai kisa na iya wucewa har zuwa watanni 17. Ana haihuwar yaran su ɗaya bayan ɗaya kuma suna kasancewa tare da rukuninsu har sai sun kai ga balaga, wasu kuma. Duk da haka, wannan sanannun hali ba ɗaya ba ne a cikin kowane nau'i.
Abincinsu ya ƙunshi wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, ko da yake suma suna cin ƙananan kifi, yawanci suna farauta ta hanyar amfani da babban gudunsu ko yanayin da ke da irin wannan nau'in.
dugon
Dugons sirenians ne da ake samu a duniya a matsayin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i, nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) ana samun su, tsayinsa zai iya kai mita uku kuma suna da nauyin fiye da kilo 200. Suna kama da wasu cetaceans har ma da manatees. Ana samun su a Afirka, a Madagascar, a Indiya, a tsibiran Faransa Polynesia, a cikin Sin (musamman a tsibirin Hainan), a Taiwan, a Philippines, Indonesia, da sauran wurare.
Haifuwar wannan nau'in yana farawa ne lokacin da suke da shekaru 9 ko 15, wanda shine lokacin da suka riga sun balaga jima'i. Za su iya rayuwa fiye da shekaru 50 kuma an nuna cewa wasu samfurori sun rayu tsawon shekaru 70, wannan idan ba a fara farautar su ba, ba shakka, la'akari da cewa ana kama su ne don naman da suke da su da kitsensu. A Ostiraliya ne kawai akwai dokokin da ke ba su kariya, in ba haka ba yawansu ya ragu, yana sanya wannan nau'in cikin jerin dabbobin ruwa da ke cikin hadari.
manatees
Manatees ko shanun ruwa sune dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa waɗanda ke haifuwa kowane shekara 2 zuwa 5, dangane da mahaifiyarsu. Wanda ke ajiye maraƙinsa a gefensa har tsawon shekaru biyu ko kaɗan, yana ba shi nono har zuwa lokacin da haƙoransa suka riga sun sami samuwar da zai ba su damar ciyar da kansu. Tsawon rayuwarsu shine shekaru 80, wani abu da aka nemi a kiyaye shi saboda dokokin wasu ƙasashe da suka sanya su a matsayin nau'in kariya.
Sauran sanannun nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa sune:
- popoises
- walrusa
- teku otters
- kisa whales
- da hatimi
