katon kerkeci ko kuma dire wolf (canis dirus) wani nau'in canid ne wanda ya mamaye nahiyar Amurka a lokacin marigayi Pleistocene -daga Arewacin Amurka zuwa Pampa na Argentine- wanda ya zama batattu bayan lokacin ƙanƙara na ƙarshe kusan shekaru 13.000 da suka gabata.
Na dogon lokaci ya zama mai alaƙa da kerkeci mai launin toka ko kerkeci na kowa (lupus), wanda ya kasance tare na dogon lokaci, amma binciken kwayoyin halitta a yau ya tabbatar da cewa jinsin su ne daban-daban wanda ya samo asali daban-daban. Duk da haka, wasu bayanai kan asalinsa da bacewarsa ba su cika cikakku ba. Kasance tare da mu don nutsar da kanku cikin tarihin juyin halitta na wannan dabba mai cike da ban mamaki wacce ta mamaye ciyayi da ciyayi na Arewacin Amurka a lokacin kankara.
Giant kerkeci: tarwatsa dangantakarsa da kerkeci mai launin toka
Nazarce-nazarcen kwayoyin halitta na baya-bayan nan sun tabbatar da cewa giant kerkeci da kerkeci mai launin toka nau'i ne daban-daban duk da cewa sun yi zaman tare tsawon shekaru 90.000 a muhalli guda. Suna raba takamaiman kamanni na phylogenetic wanda ke sanya su kawai a matsayin "'yan uwan nisa". Koyaya, don cikakken fahimtar bambance-bambancen juyin halitta na duka biyun, yana da kyau a gudanar da nazarin kwatancen da ke kimanta kamanninsu na kwayoyin halitta da kamanninsu.
Halayen Giant Wolf
Duk da sunanta ya nuna. katuwar kerkeci ba babba ce ta musamman idan aka kwatanta da na kowa kerkeci ko launin toka analogue. Matsakaicin nauyinsa yana kusan kilogiram 80, kodayake an tabbatar da cewa zai iya kaiwa kilogiram 100. Duk da haka, bambance-bambancen tare da maƙwabcinsa mai launin toka mai nisa yana da mahimmanci duk da cewa sun raba alkuki na dogon lokaci.
Duk da samun a Girman jiki ya ƙanƙanta da kyarkeci mai launin toka, canis dirus Yana da gini mafi nauyi da ƙarfi, tare da gajerun ƙafafu daidai gwargwado.. Hancinsa dogo ne, haƙoransa suna da ƙarfi sosai, suna da ƙaƙƙarfan haƙora da kaifi mai iya karya ƙasusuwan abin da suke ganima har sai an danne su. Binciken burbushin burbushin da aka yi wa lamurra na manyan wolf ke goyan bayan wannan ra'ayin.
Tarihin Juyin Halitta: ƙaton kerkeci wani nau'i ne na daban daga kerkeci mai launin toka na yanzu
Duk da bambance-bambancen ilimin halittar jiki, kamanceceniya da suke da ita ta fuskar yanayin gabaɗayan jiki da zaman tare na tsawon shekaru, ya sanya waɗannan nau'ikan a matsayin. yiwu dangi masu alaƙa, amma nazarin kwayoyin halitta a yau ya karyata wannan hasashe na farko.
Don koyo game da tarihin juyin halittar su, ƙungiyoyin kimiyya daban-daban daga ko'ina cikin duniya sun fara tsauraran nazarin kwayoyin halitta waɗanda zasu iya amsa tambayoyin da ke yawo a kusa da yuwuwar alaƙar nau'ikan biyu.
Farkon bambance-bambancen juyin halitta
Tawagar masu bincike daga Jami'ar Sarauniya Mary (London) karkashin jagorancin masanin halittu Laurent Frantz, sun kaddamar da wani shiri na tsarin DNA na wasu burbushin halittu guda biyar. canis dirus tsakanin shekaru 50.000 zuwa 12.900. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da aka fitar da DNA daga kyarkeci kuma sakamakon ya kasance mai ban mamaki., Bayyana wani hadadden labari game da waɗannan mafarauta na Ice Age da kuma samar da bayanai waɗanda ke karyata tsoffin imani game da waɗannan dabbobin da yiwuwar dangantakarsu da kerkeci mai launin toka.
Duk da cewa kyarkeci masu tsatsauran ra'ayi sun kasance tare da ƙulle-ƙulle da kyarkeci masu launin toka a Arewacin Amirka na akalla shekaru 10.000 kafin su bace, masu binciken ba su sami wani bayani game da cudanya da waɗannan nau'in ba.
Binciken ya nuna cewa kyarkeci na ƙarshe sun yi tarayya da kakanni ɗaya tare da nau'ikan raye-raye masu kama da kerkeci kimanin shekaru miliyan 5,7 da suka wuce., da kuma cewa sun bambanta da sauran nau'in canid kamar yadda coyotes da wolf masu launin toka suke a yau, misali: "Abin mamaki ne sosai don gano cewa wannan bambancin ya faru da wuri." Dangane da haka, in ji mawallafin binciken, Dokta Alice Mouton, daga Jami'ar California (Los Angeles).
Wannan bambance-bambancen juyin halitta na farkon kerkeci game da kyarkeci mai launin toka da sauran kundi na zamani ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan mamaki na binciken, tunda ya zama ruwan dare ga canids suna haɗuwa da juna kuma wannan gaskiyar tana nuni ga hasashe cewa za a iya samun shingen yanki wanda ya hana tsallakawa tsakanin al'umma.
Giant wolf shine wakilin karshe na nau'insa
Sakamakon wadannan nazarin kwayoyin halitta kuma ya nuna cewa katon kerkeci ya samo asali ne daga nahiyar Amurka, yayin da kakannin kyarkeci masu launin toka, koyotes, da wolf suka samo asali a cikin Eurasia kuma suka mamaye Arewacin Amurka a wani lokaci. Don haka masu binciken suka ce "Krkeci ya kasance wakilin ƙarshe na zuriyar da ba a taɓa gani ba."
Ƙarin sakamakon da wasu marubutan bincike suka fitar sun tabbatar da bambance-bambance a matsayin nau'in giant kerkeci dangane da kerkeci mai launin toka da kuma yadda na ƙarshe ya kasance mai tsira na ƙarshe na nau'in da ya ɓace har abada. Don haka, Dokta Kieren Mitchell daga Sashen Nazarin Halittu da Halittar Juyin Halitta a Jami'ar Adelaide, a Australia, ya bayyana cewa: "Wani lokaci ana bayyana kyarkeci a matsayin halittun tatsuniyoyi, manyan kerkeci waɗanda suka yi duhu, daskararre shimfidar wurare, amma gaskiyar ta zama mafi ban sha'awa." game da takamaiman bambance-bambancen su da bacewar su, ya yi nuni da shi, yana nuna tarihin juyin halitta na musamman wanda ba shi da ɓarna.
Kuma ya ci gaba da wasu shawarwari masu ban sha'awa bayan bincikensa wanda ya tabbatar da takamaiman bambance-bambancen giant kerkeci game da kerkeci mai launin toka da sauran canids:
"Duk da kamanceceniya da ke tsakanin kyarkeci masu launin toka da kyarkeci, abin da ke fitowa daga wannan aikin shi ne cewa kyarkeci da launin toka na iya yiwuwa suna da alaƙa kamar yadda mutanen zamani da Neanderthals suke a zamanin da. Kerkeci shine sabon memba na tsohuwar zuriya, ba kamar na duk canids masu rai ba., wanda har yau bai tsira ba.
"A akasin wannan, yayin da mutanen zamanin da da Neanderthals suka bayyana sun haɗu da juna, kamar yadda kullun launin toka na zamani ke yi da coyotes." Bayanan kwayoyin halittarmu ba su bayar da wata shaida da ke nuna cewa kyarkeci sun yi cudanya da kowane nau'in kare ba. Dukkan bayananmu sun nuna cewa wadannan nau'ikan kerkeci guda biyu sun fi kama da 'yan uwan nesa, kamar mutane da chimpanzees."
Tambarin al'adun da ya bar mana
Katuwar kerkeci wata dabba ce mai girman gaske wacce ta mamaye filayen ciyayi na Pleistocene Amurka da karfin hali daidai da zaki a cikin ciyayi na Afirka inda aka fi saninsa da sarkin daji.
Giant kerkeci ya kasance a cikin tunanin gama kai na yanzu a matsayin mai girma alamar iko da ƙarfi, kasancewar ta zama dabbar tatsuniya cewa silima ta haihu, kamar yadda zamu iya gani a cikin shahararrun jerin Game da kursiyai ko a cikin Saga Twilight.