Gano tare da mu ta wannan kyakkyawan labarin zuwa uku alheri rubens bisa ga halayensa, bincike da yawa na wannan aikin fasaha mai ban sha'awa wanda ya kasance batun bincike mai ban sha'awa saboda yawancin launuka da hotuna. Kar a daina karantawa!
Menene aikin fasaha The Three Graces Rubens game da?
Game da aikin fasaha, nau'i-nau'i uku na rubens wani batu ne na almara, kasancewar mahalarta zanen Eufrosine, Thalia da Aglae, 'yan mata uku masu kyau 'ya'yan Zeus ne.
Eufrosine yana wakiltar fara'a, farin ciki na Thalia da Aglae suna wakiltar kyakkyawa, don haka an taru da kyaututtukan Rubens guda uku a cikin kyakkyawan wuri mai daɗi.
Rubens ɗin alheri guda uku suna tare da Goddess Aphrodite kuma sun kasance masu kula da kare masana falsafa tare da ba su kyawawan abubuwan ban dariya da farin ciki.
Ana iya ganin rubens ɗin alfarma guda uku tare da kyawawan salon gyara gashi a cikin gashin kansu.
Matan sun yi da'ira da nufin fara rawa yayin da aka lura cewa 'yan matan uku suna ɗaukar ƙafafu ɗaya a baya a cikin zanen kayan ado na rubens guda uku baya ga babban sha'awar da hoton zane ya nuna.
An rufe jikinsu da wani kyalle mai kyau da ake kira chiffon wanda ke gabatar da fatar ruben alfarma guda uku wanda aka zana da kyau ta hanyar goge gogen mai zane.
An ce matar da ke hannun dama ita ce fuskar matarsa ta farko Isabel Brant wadda ta rasu a lokacin da annoba ta shafi al'ummar Turai yayin da ita kuma matar da ke gefen hagu mai haske ita ce matarsa ta biyu Helena Fourment wannan kyakkyawan zanen yana nuna farin cikin kasancewarsa. mai rai a bangaren mai zane.
Analysis na zanen uku alheri rubens
Mawallafin ya gabatar da aikin alherin Rubens guda uku daga wani hangen nesa, yana kwatanta kyawawan mata masu kyau tare da kyawawan jikinsu da aka ba su da sha'awa mai girma. An haɗa su da juna ta hanyar hannayensu, ban da launi mai laushi mai laushi da kuma kallon matasa. matan da yake watsawa.
Wannan zane-zane na zane-zane na rubens uku ya haɗu da mata uku a inda daya yake a baya amma yana goyon bayan sauran muses guda biyu, yana nuna sha'awar sha'awa ta hanyar zane-zanen su wanda aka nannade cikin kyakkyawan hoto da daidaito.
Ta hanyar fata na nau'i-nau'i uku na rubens, yana nuna hasken da ke haskakawa gaba daya aikin fasaha, da kuma babban launi na bango mai haske na kyakkyawan wuri mai kyau inda za'a iya ganin kananan dabbobin daji suna kiwo cikin nutsuwa yayin da muses ke rawa.
Wannan kyakkyawan zanen wani bangare ne na tarin sirri na Peter Paul Rubens, Sarki Philip IV na Spain ne ya samu lokacin da aka yi gwanjonsa bayan mutuwar mai zane a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1640.
Don haka rubens uku na alheri sun ci gaba da yin ado ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan ɗakuna na Alcázar na Madrid kuma a cikin karni na XNUMX an kai wannan aikin zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya na Prado.
Ana iya ganin Rubens na Graces guda uku suna yin da'ira tare da hannayensu a wurin a gefen hagu, sun zana itace a jikin jikin ta, ana iya ganin farin gauze, wanda ya bambanta da launin ruwan kasa na kyakkyawan itace, yana samuwa. tsakanin a daga cikin rassan.
A gefen dama na kyaututtukan rubens guda uku akwai cupid a hannunsa dauke da wata masarar zinare wadda ruwa ke kwararowa daga ita kamar labulen budewa sama da matan ukun akwai wata adon furanni masu kyau da fadi da launuka masu haske sabanin haka. kyakkyawar fata na mata uku.
Abubuwan da suka dace na aikin
An san cewa mai zane ya shirya aikin kyautar Rubens guda uku tare da Layer na kakin zuma na halitta kuma ya kara da calcium carbonate da farin foda mai kyau na gubar, yana ba da zanen tare da kyakkyawan haske.
Wannan zane-zane na zane-zane na rubens guda uku yana nuna nau'i-nau'i daban-daban guda uku a tsakanin su, dogaye da haske ga ƙafafu na mata ana lura da su a cikin aikin, sa'an nan kuma an tabbatar da gashin gashi mai tsawo da manna don yadudduka.
Sauran ƙananan buroshi waɗanda ya yi amfani da su don zayyana kyawawan fuskoki na alherin Rubens guda uku, da kuma ciyayi da aka tsara a cikin aikin, an tsara su a cikin wani kyakkyawan launi na nuna haihuwa da ke haskakawa a lokacin bazara.
Launi mai launi da mai zane na alfarma uku Rubens ya yi amfani da shi ya bambanta da haske, fata na mata yana hade da launuka na farko.
Amma ga aikin goge baki, yana da sako-sako, yana nuna babban gwaninta a cikin fata na muses, wanda ke yin kwangila da nutsewa a kan hulɗar jiki da juna, yana haifar da haƙiƙa mai girma, da kuma kyakkyawan ilimin jikin ɗan adam, musamman jikin mace. .
Wani nau'in halayen da za a iya gani a cikin alherin Rubens guda uku shine haske a cikin aikinsa a cikin kundin da cikakkun bayanai na shimfidar wuri, yana aiwatar da fasaha mai sauri da sauƙi.
Inda aka nuna tasirin wani mai zane mai suna Titian kuma dangane da haske ya karbe shi daga tsarin Flemish dangane da motsin ra'ayi da aka yi jayayya a cikin karni na XNUMX, mai zanen ya wakilta ta ta yanayin kyawawan rubens uku a cikin da'irar da ke gayyatar mai kallo don tunanin rawa.
Wannan zanen na uku alfarma rubens mai zane ne ya yi bayan ya yi aure na biyu kuma shi da kansa ya kasance cikin tarin sirrinsa, don haka wannan aikin fasaha yana wakiltar farin cikin rayuwa na mai zane tare da matarsa ta biyu wacce ta kai shekaru talatin da bakwai.
Lokacin tarihi
A cikin tarihi, a cikin karni na XNUMX, abin da ake kira Flanders da Holland suna da irin wannan al'ada, amma lokacin da aka gudanar da juyin juya hali na Furotesta, ban da yakin addini, wani yanki na yankin da aka sani da Netherlands ya kasance a karkashin mulkin mallaka. umurnin Spanish kambi.
Abin da ya dace da Flanders wanda shine Belgium da Luxembourg tare da addinin Katolika saboda Spain da Holland sun koma addinin Calvinism inda bourgeoisie ya jaddada 'yancin kai daga Spain.
Sakamakon shi ne cewa zanen ya bambanta a cikin waɗannan sassa biyu na ƙasar Netherlands, ciki har da Makarantar Flemish, inda babban inganci shine bambanci na aristocracy, an yi zane-zane da yawa da suka danganci yanayin addini.
Ikilisiyar Furotesta ta ƙi jigogi na addini inda aka ba da shaidar tsarkaka ko sacrament, amma jigon tatsuniyoyi ya yi nasara da niyyar ƙawata fadoji da manyan mukamai.
Kamar hotunan al'umma don nuna nau'in zamantakewa na mutanen da aka zayyana ta hanyar zane-zane saboda tasowar kasuwanci da sana'a.
Ya sanya mai zane na alfarma uku Rubens mai zanen akidar Katolika inda ya inganta launi da haske inda ya kwatanta taken addini.
Amma ban da sha'awar yin zane-zane na addini, Rubens ya yi fice wajen bayyana manyan sarakuna da kuma hamshakin dan kasuwa na duniya, wanda hakan ya sa mai zane Peter Paul Rubens ya samu daraja sosai saboda zane-zane irin na Baroque.
Rubens ya kasance mutum mai ban mamaki wanda ya gudanar da ayyukan diflomasiyya daban-daban wanda ya hada da sha'awar fasaha ta tafiye-tafiye daban-daban kuma ya gana da wasu fitattun masu fasaha irin su Velázquez a kotun Madrid.
Haka kuma, shi ne fitaccen mai zanen Sarki Felipe na XNUMX na Spain wanda ya ba shi aikin fasaha da dama don yin ado da manyan gidaje kuma a lokacin gwanjon ya sami mafi yawan ayyukan da wannan mawaƙin ya yi, daga cikinsu akwai nau'ikan rubens guda uku. .
Bugu da kari, Peter Paul Rubens ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya tsakanin kotuna daban-daban a nahiyar Turai saboda yana da ikon yin harsuna, wanda aka sani a yau a matsayin polyglot.
Don haka zane-zane ya bi halin yanzu na Renaissance godiya ga tasirin Italiyanci wanda ya koma Netherlands. Kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan wakilai mai zane na rubens uku na alheri game da fasaha tun lokacin da yake ɗan Katolika ne.
Halaye na ayyukan marubucin na uku alheri rubens
Mawallafin na uku alheri Rubens ya yi zane-zane iri-iri, an ce almajiransa sun taimaka masa, daga cikin halayen wannan babban zane-zane an lura da abubuwan da suka faru.
Inda aka bayyana motsi, kuzari da kuzari ta hanyar goge-gogensa, da kuma adadi mai ban sha'awa.
Wani nau'i na wannan babban mai fasaha na uku na rubens yana inganta dumi da sautunan haske wanda ya yi amfani da su ta hanyar tabo tare da kayan aiki da yawa.
Suna kawo sha'awa da kuzari wanda aka bayyana a matsayin babban abin farin ciki na rayuwa.Mai fasaha ne wanda ya taka rawar gani a wasan kwaikwayo, yana ɓata yanayin ta hanyar siffofi da fitilu.
Girman aikin
An yi rubens kyauta guda uku a tsakanin 1636 da 1639 wani aikin da aka yi a cikin man fetur kuma an ɗora shi a kan tebur na itacen oak yana daya daga cikin zane-zanen da ke wakiltar fasahar baroque.
Girman sa shine santimita 221 da santimita 181. An baje kolin a gidan kayan tarihi na Prado wanda ke cikin birnin Madrid na kasar Spain.
Gwanjon kadarorin Mawaƙin
A lokacin da ake yin gwanjon kadarorin Peter Paul Rubens, masu saye daga sassa daban-daban na nahiyar Turai sun halarci bikin, wannan ya kasance daidai ga sarki Felipe IV na Spain wanda ba kawai mai zane ya sayi kayan aiki ba har ma da wasu masu fasaha na Flemish wadanda ke da dukiya. na marigayin. artist.
Daga cikin su, Van Dyck, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na tarinsa na sirri, ban da kyautar Rubens guda uku, wanda aka sanya a cikin birnin Madrid a cikin Ƙananan Gallery wanda ke cikin gonar sarakuna.
Yana daga cikin ɗakuna na Vaults na Titian ko ƙaramin ɗakin rani kamar yadda a da ake gane shi yana ƙarƙashin sabon ɗakin sarauniya.
Saboda haka, sarki ya yi ritaya zuwa waɗannan ɗakuna a cikin watanni na rani, waɗanda suke da zafi sosai kuma wuri ne na kusa da jin dadi na sarauta.
Hotunan zane-zane na alfarma na rubens guda uku yana nufin haihuwa da ƙauna inda ɗaya daga cikin matan ita ce matarsa ta biyu wadda ya yi aure a ranar 06 ga Disamba, 1630.
Lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha shida kuma mai zane Rubens yana da shekaru hamsin da uku, don haka wannan zane ya samo asali ne daga soyayyar da yake nunawa ga matashiyar matarsa, kasancewar yabo ga mahaifiyar biyar na 'ya'yansa.
Wannan aikin na uku alheri rubens ya faru daga baya a cikin karni na XNUMX, ya kasance wani ɓangare na ayyukan tsiraicin da aka rarraba a matsayin m kuma an tura shi zuwa Royal Academy of Fine Arts na San Fernando.
A cikin 1827 an kai aikin zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya na Prado kuma a cikin 1839 an tura Rubens alheri uku zuwa dakin fasahar Flemish. Tsakanin 1997 zuwa 1998, an sake gyara wannan aikin inda Rocío Dávila ke kula da dawo da fenti na aikin.
Dangane da George Bisacca da José de la Fuente, su ne ke da alhakin maido da itacen tallafi na zanen alherin Rubens uku.
Wani zanen da wannan babban mai zane ya yi shi ne Lambun Soyayya, wanda Peter Paul Rubens ya yi a tsakanin 1630 zuwa 1635, mai girman santimita 198 da santimita 235.
Har ila yau, an samo shi daga Sarki Felipe IV, wanda ke cikin ɗakin kwanansa na aure, kuma a tsakiyar wannan aikin fasaha, ana iya ganin matashin matar mai zane, Helena Fourment. Ƙaƙƙarfan buroshin da aka saba da mai zane yana bayyana.
Baya ga wadataccen launi da ke bayyana a cikin aikin mai cike da kuzari da sautunan zinariya da kuma kuzarin da mala'iku suka bayyana a cikin lambun.
Bambance-bambancen halayen da mahalarta wasan kwaikwayo uku rubens alheri suke da shi ana lura da su a matsayin samfurin tunanin karni na XNUMX: Harkar.
Cewa mai zane na alheri uku Rubens ya yi a cikin ayyukansa inda ya cika da kuzari, launi da farin ciki na rayuwa wanda ke nuna shi a duk lokacin shahararren aikinsa na fasaha.
Sobre el autor
An haifi Peter Paul Rubens a Siegen, wanda a halin yanzu yana cikin al'ummar Jamus, iyayensa na cikin addinin Calvin amma bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Jan Rubens.
Mahaifiyarsa ta koma Katolika a cikin 1591 kuma ta dawo tare da ɗanta Peter, wanda shine ƙarami, zuwa Antwerp inda ya ci gaba da karatunsa.
Koyi harsuna da yawa da suka haɗa da Faransanci, Jamusanci, Sifen, Latin da sauransu. A shekara ta 1600 ya yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa Italiya don ƙarin koyo game da zane-zane. Don haka wannan tafiya ita ce farkon rayuwarsa ta fasaha, sannan ya koma Antwerp kuma mahaifiyarsa ta kamu da rashin lafiya.
Amma ya yi nisa sosai kuma lokacin da ya isa mahaifiyarsa ta rigaya ta rasu amma harkokin siyasa da tattalin arzikin kasar ya sa ya zauna a Netherlands.
Ya auri matarsa ta farko lokacin tana da shekaru goma sha takwas da kuma Peter Paul Rubens mai shekaru talatin da biyu a 1609.
An haifi 'ya'ya uku daga wannan dangantaka, Clara Serena a 1611, sai Albert a 1614 da NiKolaas a 1618. A 1610, ya sami wani babban gini a matsayin gidan da aka sani da Casa Rubens, wanda shi da kansa ya dauki nauyin gyarawa.
A shekara ta 1621, ya yi ayyukan diflomasiyya ga María de Médici, wadda ita ce sarauniyar ƙasar Faransa, kuma sun soma ayyukansu na diflomasiyya ga ƙasar Sipaniya har ma da ƙasar Ingila.
Da kyau, Jami'ar Cambridge ta ba shi a cikin 1629 lambar girmamawa a matsayin Jagora na Arts. Rayuwa ce ta shagaltuwa tsakanin zane-zanen da sarakunan nahiyar Turai suka yi da wanda ya kulla huldar diflomasiyya.
Shekaru goma na ƙarshe na mai zane Rubens
Ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da wannan kashi na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a birnin Antwerp yayin da yake ci gaba da yin zane-zane na fasaha ga masarautar Turai. Shekara hudu kenan da rasuwar matarsa ta farko a lokacin da ya yanke shawarar sake yin aure.
Matarsa ta biyu ita ce 'yar wani hamshakin attajiri da hamshakin dan kasuwa mai suna Daniel Fourment wanda abokin Peter Paul Rubens ne na kud da kud. Ana kiran yarinyar Helena Fourment daga wannan dangantaka an haifi 'ya'ya biyar.
'Yar farko ta wannan aure na biyu ana kiranta Clara Johanna, an haife ta a 1632, sannan Franss a 1633, sai Isabelle Heléne a 1635.
Sai Peter Paul wanda aka haifa a shekara ta 1637 da Constancia Albertina wadda aka haifa a shekara ta 1641 da mahaifinta ya rasu wata takwas.
Matarsa ita ce abin koyi ga ayyuka da yawa da ya yi a wannan lokacin na rayuwarsa, ciki har da kyaututtukan rubens guda uku, tun da ya yi amfani da sifofin budurwar don sanya su cikin ayyukan fasaha daban-daban.
Kamar yadda Hukuncin Paris ya zo, a cikin sauran zane-zane, mai zane Peter Paul Rubens ya mutu yana da shekaru sittin da biyu a duniya sakamakon bugun zuciya da ya yi sanadin ciwon gout da ya sha fama da shi tsawon shekaru.
Ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1640 a birnin Antwerp kuma an binne gawarsa a cikin Cocin Santiago, sa'an nan a 1642 gwauruwarsa Helena ta yanke shawarar sanya wani aikin da mai zane da kansa ya yi a kan kabari na mijinta a cikin katako na marmara.
Ya kasance game da Budurwa da Yaron da ke kewaye da tsarkaka wannan aikin fasaha ya kasance hoton iyali tun lokacin da matarsa ta wakilci fuskar Magdalena kuma Saint George shine fuskar Rubens kansa.
Abubuwan ban mamaki game da aikin
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da nau'in nau'i uku na rubens a fannin likitanci shine cewa daya daga cikin muses da ya kwatanta a cikin aikin yana fama da ciwon daji na nono.
Wannan aikin fasaha bisa ga masu binciken kimiyya Juan Grau, Matías Díaz da Miguel Prats, wakilai na Cibiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jiki na Hemato-oncological Diseases, na Medical Oncology Service na Asibitin Clínic.
Kamar Jami'ar Barcelona, sun goyi bayan cewa raunin da aka gani a cikin nono na gidan kayan gargajiya wanda yayi kama da matar farko na Rubens ya nuna cewa ta sha wahala daga ciwon nono.
Don haka a cikin labarin da aka buga a mujallar Kimiyya sun bayyana cutar kamar haka:
“...samfurin da ke hannun dama yana gabatar da buɗaɗɗen miki tare da jajayen fata, jajayen nono, rage ƙarar nono, da axillary lymphadenopathy. Kasancewar abin gani na ci-gaban ciwon nono…”
Wannan yanayin na gani yana cin amanar ciwon nono bisa ga binciken waɗannan likitocin kuma shine wurin da aka fi sani da wannan cuta, don haka haƙiƙanin hoto na marubucin alherin uku Rubens ya kwatanta shi da aminci ga yadda ya ga an gabatar da shi akan samfurin.
Wadannan likitoci sun gudanar da bincike kan wasu ayyuka kuma an lura da wani abu makamancin haka a cikin aikin fasaha na Orpheus da Eurydice da Diana tare da nymphs a cikin ayyukan da mai zane na uku alheri rubens ya yi.
Hakanan a cikin ayyukan Rembrandt, kamar Bathsheba tare da wasiƙar Dauda da kuma a cikin wani aikin na wannan mai zane, La Sagrada Familia.
Idan kun sami wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa, ina gayyatar ku ku ziyarci hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon: