Ayyukan fasaha ba kawai zanen da ke nuna wasu hotuna ba, har ila yau hanya ce ta fallasa gaskiya, ɗaukar halayen mai zane a cikin kowane bugun jini har ma da bayyana tunani da damuwa na wani lokaci. Don haka tare da wannan labarin, za mu bincika duk asirin da ke baya Vermeer's Milkmaid.
Shaida da Bayanin Milkmaid na Vermeer
Milkmaid shine mai 45,5 x 41 cm akan zane ta shahararren mai zanen Holland Johannes Vermeer na Delf. A cikin wannan aikin, mai zane yana kamawa tare da duk cikakkun bayanai da tsaro, hankali da ƙuduri wanda ma'aikacin ɗakin dafa abinci na gida ke yin ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta na yau da kullum: zuba madara a kan tukwane na yumbu. A halin yanzu zanen yana cikin Rijksmuseum a Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Masu zane-zane na wancan lokacin sun kasance suna wakilci a cikin ayyukansu na yau da kullum ko na al'ada na rayuwa kamar ayyukan gida, alal misali, don haka nau'in costumbrista wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin wannan aikin na Vermeer, ban da samun salon baroque na Holland wanda aka yi amfani da shi. da yawa don wakiltar dukiyar iyalan Holland a lokacin. Ko da yake ba a san ainihin shekarar da aka kammala zanen ba, masana sun tabbatar da cewa an zana shi tsakanin 1658-1661.
- Autor: Johannes Vermeer
- Tsarin lokaci: 1658 - 1661
- Fasaha: Mai akan zane
- Dimensions: 45,5 x 41 cm
- Gender: Salon ko zanen kaya
- Estilo: Baroque Dutch
- Wuri na yanzu: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, Netherlands
zanen bincike
Abu na farko da za ku gani a cikin wannan aikin shine wata mace tana zuba madara daga tulun yumbu a cikin tukunyar da aka yi da abu iri ɗaya. madarar da aka zubar ta zama cibiyar kulawa ta godiya ga dabarar abun da ke ciki; wanda shi ne ginin ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa guda biyu waɗanda ke haɗuwa a wuyan hannun mace. Yayin da ake karkatar da tulun gaba (kamar yadda yake cikin wannan zane) ko kuma a riƙe shi ta wata hanya mai ban sha'awa, a cewar masu suka da yawa zanen yana nuni ne ga jikin mace.
Akwai kuma tebur wanda aka lulluɓe da koren rigar tebur kuma a kan sa an rataye shi da shuɗi. Teburin kuma yana ƙunshe da abubuwa na rayuwa irin su gurasa da yawa, kwandon burodi da tulun yumbu mai shuɗi, (yana da ban sha'awa ganin yadda mai zanen ya yi amfani da ƙananan ɗigo masu haske akan gurasar, wannan wata dabara ce da aka sani da puntillés) .
Mai nonon Vermeer wadda ita kanta bawa, mai yiyuwa yin burodi porridge a cikin tukunyar. K'arfin hali taga annurin da ya ratsa ta,ta tattara hankalinta kan aikinta dan haka fuskarta na nuni da nutsewa cikin tunaninta ko kuma kawai ta shirya. Wasu masu lura da wannan zanen sun ce tunaninsa na iya kasancewa yana da alaƙa da sha'awar wani, lura da cewa baƙar fata a kumatunsa na iya tabbatar da wannan ra'ayin.
A matsayinta na tufafin da ke wakiltar mutanen Holland na zamani na karni na XNUMX, tana sanye da farar hular lilin, jaket na ulu mai launin rawaya, kore da shuɗi mai nadi wanda ba a cikin jaket ɗinta ba, rigar shuɗi da siket ja. A wurin da lamarin ya faru, hasken rana yana shiga ta taga a gefen hagu.
Hakazalika, ana iya dalla-dalla kwandon burodin da ke rataye a bangon dama na taga. Wani karamin zane da ba a san abin da ke ciki ba yana rataye a saman kwandon kuma kwandon karfe shima yana rataye a hannun dama. Babban bangon baya fari ne inda zaku iya lura da kasancewar ƙusa da wasu rashin su saboda ƙananan ramukan da ke cikin aikin, ƙari ga wannan bangon yana haskaka hasken rana ta taga.
A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren wannan bangon, akwai jerin halayen Delft Blue tiles. A gefen waɗannan fale-falen akwai nau'in ɗumamar ƙafa mai ramuka tara a sama da kwanon da ke cike da garwashi a ciki, wannan abu yana nuna jin zafi da rashinsa. Dangane da zane-zane, an yi rubuce-rubuce a ko'ina cewa alamar wannan yana nuna farkawa a cikin jima'i na mace, tun lokacin da garwashi ya nuna cewa ba kawai za su dumi ƙafafunta ba amma duk sauran sassan jiki da ke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin rigarta.
Don haka mai ɗumamar ƙafa yana iya yin ishara da yadda bayin gida, musamman ma masu shayarwa, suke yin jima'i, kuma a mahangar gaskiya na iya nuna kwazon mata da buƙatar hutu a tsakani.
Ci gaba da kallon zanen, a gefen hagu na hita akwai tayal mai siffar Cupid, yayin da tayal da ke hannun dama na hita yana wakiltar mutum mai tsayi mai tsayi. Wannan adadi na karshe da aka ambata yana iya tabbatar da abin da aka ambata a sama dangane da tunanin mace, don haka za a iya cewa halin tunaninta masoyi ne da ba ya nan. Hoton tayal da ke kusa da hannun dama yana ba da hoton da ba a iya tantancewa da gangan.
Ingancin kayan
Wannan aikin nono na Vermeer yana ba da cikakkun bayanai dalla-dalla waɗanda ke nuna wani gado na makarantar zanen Flemish Renaissance na karni na sha biyar, daga cikin mafi yawan halayen wannan aikin an ambaci haka: cikakken kwandon wicker, ƙusa da ke kan bango. da hita mai dauke da kwano cike da garwashin wuta.
Haɗin kai da ma'anar sarari
Abu na farko da ya dauki hankalin "Vermeer's Milkmaid" shine tsari mai karfi na triangular da mace ta yi, burodi da tebur. Wannan yanki ya ƙunshi yawancin launuka, ayyuka, da fitilu a kan allo. Har ila yau, akwai wani layi mai ma'ana wanda filin ganin mace ya yi lokacin kallon madarar da aka zubar. A wata hanya, wannan yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye hankalin ku akan wannan yanki na triangular: don haka wannan yana sa ku so ku ga inda matar ke kallo.
A waje da yankin da aka ambata, akwai wasu ra'ayoyi marasa mahimmanci a cikin abun da ke ciki: tayal Delft da ƙafar ƙafa a kasan bango; kwandon da aka rataye a hagu; ƙusa da ƙananan ramuka a bango; taga; da abin da ya bayyana a matsayin firam ɗin hoto da ke rataye a kusurwar hagu na sama.
A cikin kansu, waɗannan ba mahimman siffofi ba ne na zanen, amma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara yanayin da kuma jawo hankalin ku ga zanen. Don haka mai zane kuma yana ƙara nau'in: don haka yayin da kuke duba, ƙarin bayanan suna da hankali. A ƙarshe, ana iya lura da cewa duk bayanan da mai zane ya haɗa, ciki har da haɗin kai tsakanin wuya, taushi da gefuna da suka ɓace, suna ba da gudummawa ga ma'anar gaskiyar gaske a cikin wannan zanen.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa gefuna masu wuya suna ba da shawarar canje-canje kwatsam a cikin batun, kamar canzawa daga haske zuwa masana'anta mai duhu ko daga rawaya zuwa masana'anta shuɗi. Gefuna masu laushi, da suka ɓace suna nuna rashin tsabta a wuraren da inuwa ta rufe.
Launuka, haske da rubutu
Dangane da launuka, Vermeer ya yi amfani da ƴan ƙananan launuka idan aka kwatanta da mai zanen sa na zamani kuma mai samar da launi Rembrandt, wanda ya yi amfani da pigments sama da ɗari. Koyaya, an gano ƙasa da aladu ashirin a cikin ayyukan Vermeer kuma goma daga cikinsu sun bayyana ana amfani da su akai-akai.
Abin sha'awa shine, a zamanin Vermeer, kowane pigment ya bambanta da sauran ta fuskar dorewa, lokacin bushewa, da aiki. Wahalhalun yin zane da waɗannan aladun shine yawancin su yawanci ba su dace da juna ba kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su daban. Duk da yake yana da wuya cewa Vermeer yana da duk abubuwan da ke kan palette lokacin ƙirƙirar kowane ɗayan ayyukansa, yana yiwuwa yana da abubuwan da ake buƙata don kowane ɓangaren zanen da yake aiki akai.
Wannan mai zanen ya kasance yana amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan guda bakwai daban-daban kamar: farin gubar, rawaya ocher, vermilion, ja mahaukaci, kore ƙasa, ɗanyen amber da hauren giwa. Wani sanannen gaskiyar zai kasance a faɗi cewa a cikin La Lechera akwai inuwar shuɗi don fenti. Don haka Vermeer ya yi amfani da wani launi na musamman mai suna ultramarine, wanda ya fi tsada kuma ya fi azurite da aka saba amfani da shi.
Yanzu game da nazarin zanen, farawa daga fuskar mace, yana da mahimmanci a mayar da hankali kan hasken da ke tace ta taga wanda ke nunawa kai tsaye a kan fuskarta a cikin inuwa da ma'auni, yana haifar da sakamako mai girma uku. Ga fuska, mai zanen ta yi amfani da ƙananan fenti irin su launin ruwan ja, fari, haske mai haske, da launin ruwan kasa a gauraye wuri guda don fenti siffar fuskarta.
Tagar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da aka fi mayar da hankali kan zanen, yana kawo haske da haske ga hoton. Don haka Vermeer yana ba da kulawa mafi girma ga kowane dalla-dalla na zanen; wani abu na yau da kullun kamar taga mai rustic ana fentin shi da kyau yana mai da hankali ga ƙananan bayanai kamar guntun gilashin da ya karye ko rashin daidaituwar firam ɗin taga. Kamar yadda yake a cikin wannan zanen da sauran ta Vermeer, tagogin suna da salo na geometric sosai wanda, a wasu lokuta, suna zama kamar ayyukan fasaha na zahiri a cikin kansu.
Kwandon tagulla da guga na abubuwan taga na zanen, an zana su da fari, ocher da baki, waɗanda a ƙarshe aka haɗa su don dacewa da siffar kwandon. Yanzu, ɗan ɗanɗano mai laushi na tulun yumbura da ƙulla abin da aka zana burodin da shi yana ba hoton haske da yanayi na ban mamaki.
Dangane da tufafin, wanda mutane da yawa ke cewa rigar hunturu ce saboda yawan yadudduka da yake da ita, mai zanen ya yi amfani da sauri da kauri na launin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa don ba shi yanayin da ake buƙata.
Yanzu yadda Vermeer ya haɗa tasirin hasken rana a cikin wannan zane yana da ban mamaki musamman. Hasken ya fi bayyane idan kun kalli bangon. Katangar hagu tana cikin inuwa kuma bangon baya yana haskakawa. Hakanan zaka iya ganin inuwa daban-daban akan bangon baya. Wani bayyane shine inuwar kwandon karfe zuwa hagu na bangon baya.
Wani batu don haskakawa dangane da aikin haske ana gani a cikin taga wanda kawai an haɗa shi kawai, a nan za mu iya samun kyakkyawan ra'ayi na ainihin girmansa ta hanyar lura da kasancewar ko rashin inuwa. Misali, idan inuwar mai shayarwa ba ta nan, yana nuna cewa taga ba ya nisa zuwa hagu. Duk da haka, muna iya ganin inuwar farce a saman firam (a kan kafadar Milkmaid ta dama), yana nuna cewa taga yana da tsayi sosai.
Labarin nishadi
Lokacin da aka sanya hoton hoton X-ray ko dabarun bincike na zamani, za a iya ganin cewa zanen na yanzu yana da babban canji na pentimento ko baya, wato, abubuwan da Vermeer ya fara sanyawa amma daga baya ya yanke shawarar canza tare da wasu za a iya gani. abubuwa.
Mai zanen da farko ya haɗa da zanen taswirar duniya akan farar bango. Duk da haka, da yake zane-zanen suna da tsada sosai a lokacin, ya cire su don ƙirƙirar bango mara komai don sauƙaƙa ɗakin. Na biyu kuma ya hada da kwandon wanki kusa da hannun dama na jan siket din matar, amma daga baya shima ya cire. Wataƙila ya cire wannan kwandon don ƙara ba da fifiko kan babban batun wannan zanen kuma kada ya zama mai ɗaukar hankali ga mai kallo.
Dangane da asalin matar, wasu masu suka sun yi hasashen cewa Tanneke Everpoel ita ce kuyanga ta dangin Vermeer. Kuma ta wata hanya, wannan hoton yana da alaƙa da ita, saboda wasu takardu na 1663 waɗanda aka san wanzuwarta da halayenta.
Dangane da motsin zanen jiki, akwai bayanan da wataƙila kusan ayyuka 1674 na Vermeer wanda majiɓincinsa ya saya daga Delft, Pieter van Ruijven, lokacin da mai zanen ya mutu a 21. Lokacin da aka sayar da waɗannan zane-zane a gidan surukin van Ruijven, Yakubu Dissius a cikin 1696, Vermeer's The Milkmaid an kwatanta shi da "mai kyau sosai" kuma ya ba da umarnin farashi mafi girma na biyu a siyarwa (Bikin birni na Vermeer, View of Delft) wanda ke cikin Mauritshuis a Hague), ya ɗan fi tsada).
Daga baya aka yi gwanjon "Vermeer's Milkmaid" a cikin 1719 sannan aka wuce ta cikin aƙalla tarin Amsterdam guda biyar zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu tattara fasahar Dutch, Lucretia Johanna van Winter (1785-1845). A cikin 1822 ta yi aure a cikin dangin masu tarawa shida, kuma ta wurin magada 'ya'ya biyu na Lucretia ne Rijksmuseum a 1908 ya sayi "The Milkmaid" tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin Dutch da Rembrandt Society.
Magana, marubuci da sauran ayyuka
Vermeer's Milkmaid aiki ne da aka zana a lokacin babban arziki da iko a Netherlands, lokacin da kasuwanci, fasaha, da kimiyya ke haɓakawa har ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mutane a duniya. A shekara ta 1568, larduna bakwai da suka rattaba hannu kan Tarayyar Utrecht sun fara tawaye ga Felipe II na Spain wanda a karshe ya kai ga yakin shekaru tamanin. Kafin Spain ta dawo da Ƙasashen Ƙasa, Ingila ta yi yaƙi da Spain kuma ta tilasta sojojin Spain su dakatar da ci gaba.
Yaƙin Shekaru 80 a ƙarshe ya ƙare a cikin Aminci na Westphalia a 1648, inda Spain da Jamhuriyyar Bakwai ta Netherlands suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. Kamfanin Dutch Gabashin Indiya ya kafa ikon mallakar Yaren mutanen Holland kan kasuwancin Asiya wanda ya yi rinjaye tsawon ƙarni biyu. Har ila yau, 'yan kasar Holland sun mamaye harkokin kasuwanci tsakanin kasashen Turai, a shekara ta 1680 kimanin jiragen ruwan kasar Holland kusan 1.000 ne ke keta tekun Baltic a kowace shekara.
Dangane da matsayin zamantakewa, na Netherlands an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar samun kudin shiga. Wannan ya kawo sabuwar hanyar kallon azuzuwan jama'a. Sarakunan sarakunan sun sayar da mafi yawan gatansa ga garuruwan da ƴan kasuwa da kuɗinsu ke mulki. limaman coci ba su da wani tasiri, domin an danne Cocin Roman Katolika a farkon Yaƙin Shekara Tamanin.
Calvinism ita ce ƙungiyar addini mafi rinjaye a lokacin, kuma akwai wasu jita-jita da ke danganta Vermeer da bangaskiyar Calvin, ko da yake ba a bayyana ko ya zama Katolika bayan ya auri matarsa ba.
Gaskiyar ita ce, saboda koyarwar Calvinism mai ƙarfi, masu fasaha na lokacin ba a yarda su nuna jima'i a cikin zane-zanensu ba. Duk da haka, Vermeer tare da sauran masu fasaha na lokacin sun san yadda za su kauce wa yin sharhi ta hanyar barin alamomin da ba a sani ba waɗanda ke haifar da sha'awa ko jima'i na mace, kuma wannan wani abu ne da ke nunawa a cikin madarar Vermeer.
Wanene Vermeer?
An haifi Johannes Vermeer a cikin dangi na tsakiya a watan Oktoba 1632, ɗan asalin garin kasuwar Holland na Delft. Mahaifinsa, mai suna Reijnier Jansz, don kayan saƙa mai rai, sannan ya zama ma'aikacin masauki kuma a ƙarshe dillalin fasaha. Mahaifiyarsa, Digna Baltus, wanda mai yiwuwa matar gida ce, babu cikakken bayani game da ita.
Ilimi da samuwar
An yi imanin matashin Vermeer ya yi rajista a matsayin koyan fenti ga mahaifinsa a tsakiyar shekarun 1640, wanda a shirye yake ya biya kudade masu tsada don tabbatar da dansa ya samu kyakkyawar makoma. Saboda rashin kwararan hujjoji, ba zai yuwu a ambaci sunan wanda Vermeer ya koya daga wurinsu ba, amma masana tarihi da yawa sun nuna cewa ɗalibin tauraron Rembrandt Carel Fabritius ya ba shi ilimin farko. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa malaminsa shi ne mai zane Pieter van Groenewegen, wanda aka haifa a Delft kuma ya girma a cikin Guild na Saint Luke.
A cikin 1653 Vermeer ya auri Catharina Bolnes, 'yar gidan Katolika masu arziki a Delft. Duk da cewa duka bangarorin biyu na adawa da auren ne saboda sabanin akidar Kiristanci, an daura auren ne bayan da Vermeer ya karbi addinin Katolika.
Wataƙila don nuna sadaukarwarsa ga sabon addininsa da surukansa, Vermeer ya zana Kristi a cikin Gidan Martha da Maryamu (1654-55), sanannen misalinsa kawai na labarin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Auren da ya yi da Catherine ya ba Vermeer damar hawa matsayin zamantakewa sosai, kuma an yi imanin cewa daga baya ma ya rage cudanya da iyalinsa yayin da yake zaune a gidan surukarsa.
A wannan lokacin na aurensa, Vermeer ya ci gaba da gadon mahaifinsa kuma ya yi rajista a matsayin babban mai zane a Guild of St. Luke, yana ba shi abubuwan da suka dace da dama, abokan ciniki, da haɗin kai don ci gaba da aikinsa. Ayyukansa na farko sun nuna tasirin masters kamar Rembrandt, Caravaggio Italiyanci, da masu zanen Utrecht Caravaggisti irin su Gerrit van Honthorst da Dirck van Baburen.
lokacin balaga
A cikin 1662 Vermeer ya zama shugaban Guild na Saint Luke, wanda ke nufin cewa zai kasance yana hulɗa da abokan cinikin Delft da yawa, masu fasaha da masu tarawa. Sabon matsayi ya sanya shi mai zane mai mutunta kansa, ko da yake ƴan zane-zane da suka wanzu sun sa masana da dama su yi imani da cewa mai zanen ya yi kusan zane-zane uku kawai a shekara.
Haka kuma, dukiyar dangin matarsa ta sa Vermeer ya iya yin fenti don son ransa, maimakon tallafa wa iyalinsa kamar yadda ake yi a yawancin masu zane, kuma bai taɓa ɗaukar kowa a matsayin ɗalibi ko koyo ba.
An kuma san mai zanen ya yi amfani da kayan alatu masu tsada irin su lapis lazuli don siket ɗin nono da carmine mai zurfi don rigar yarinya ta wineglass. Yayin da wasu ke ba da shawarar cewa majibincin Vermeer, Pieter van Ruijven, ya saya ya ba wa mawaƙin tare da waɗannan sinadarai na musamman, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a wannan lokacin ne mai zanen ya fara zamewa cikin bashi.
Late lokaci da mutuwa
A shekara ta 1975 shine lokacin da Vermeer ya mutu, ya bar bashi mai yawa wanda danginsa ba za su iya ba shi wani dutsen kabari ba. A tarihin kasar Holland, shekara ta 1672 ana kiranta "Shekarar Bala'i" saboda mamaye Jamhuriyar Holand da sojojin Faransa, Jamus da Birtaniya suka yi. Wannan ya haifar da durkushewar tattalin arziƙi ga ƙasa mai matsakaicin ƙarfi a da.
Kasuwar fasaha ta fado, kuma da kyar Vermeer ya iya biyan bukatun kansa, matarsa, mahaifiyarsa, da ’ya’yansu goma sha daya. Ya kara zurfafa cikin bashi, ya ci bashin dubban guilder har ma an kama shi yana ajiye kudin surukarsa.
Musamman, Vermeer ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1675, bayan ya fada cikin hauka da damuwa. A cikin bayanan kotu, matarsa ta ce:
"... a lokacin yakin da aka yi da Faransanci ba wai kawai ya iya sayar da daya daga cikin ayyukansa ba, amma kuma ya zauna a cikin babban hasara tare da zane-zane na wasu masters wanda a sakamakon haka kuma saboda babban nauyin 'ya'yansa ba su da nasa albarkatun. , ya fada cikin rugujewa da bacin rai, har ya dauki kansa da muhimmanci kamar a yini daya da rabi ya shiga hayyacinsa ya tashi daga hayyacinsa ya mutu."
Gado
Saboda babban shaharar gida a lokacin rayuwarsa, Vermeer ya zama kamar ya ɓace daga duniyar fasaha har zuwa karni na XNUMX, lokacin da masu fasahar Faransanci irin su Édouard Manet; lokacin da ya fara mayar da kallonsa ga gaskiya da rashin kunya. Kuma saboda Vermeer ya ƙware sosai wajen ɗaukar lokutan ƙawa na yau da kullun, ya zama irin wannan tasiri a kan waɗannan masu fasaha, waɗanda suka farfado da sanin aikin maigidan.
Ko da yake kawai 34 (Vermeer mafi yawan rigima uku) na sassansa sun tsira, Vermeer a yau ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan manyan masu fasaha na zamanin zinare na Dutch. A cikin karni na 1934, Salvador Dalí ya zama abin sha'awar aikin Vermeer kuma ya samar da nasa bambance-bambancen, ciki har da Vermeer's Delft Ghost, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman tebur a 1955, da Lacemaker (bayan Vermeer) a XNUMX.
Sauran masu fasaha, irin su ɗan wasan Danish Vilhelm Hammershoi, sun daidaita yanayin kwanciyar hankali na Vermeer zuwa jigogi na ƙarni na XNUMX da na XNUMX. Hammershoi ya sabunta Mace mai launin shuɗi ta hanyar karanta wasiƙar Vermeer, tana jujjuya hoton tare da karkatar da palette ɗin launi ta yadda kusan masu sauraro suna kallon wani tsohon hoton wani falo na Danish.
Daga cikin manyan zane-zane na Vermeer, yarinyar da ke da kunnen lu'u-lu'u ana daukarta "Mona Lisa na Arewa." Haƙiƙanin gaskiyarsa mai ban sha'awa da rashin fahimta sun ƙarfafa masu fasaha, marubuta, da masu yin fina-finai shekaru da yawa. Kwanan nan, mai zanen rubutu na Burtaniya Banksy wanda ba a bayyana sunansa ba ya sake fassara tare da sake buga hoton a wani gini a Bristol, Burtaniya. An yi amfani da ƙararrawar ɗan fashi maimakon ɗan kunne na almara.
Nasarorin Vermeer
Wannan mawaƙin ya ƙware a cikin al'amuran rayuwar gida, nau'in da ya taimaka ya fitar da ƙamus na Baroque. Yawancin zane-zanen nasa sun ƙunshi kayan daki ko kayan gini iri ɗaya kamar yadda yake zaune a ɗakin studio ɗinsa mai zaman kansa, kuma ƙirarsa galibi mata ne da ya sani ko dangin majiɓinta.
Vermeer kuma bayan mutuwarsa an ba shi lakabin "Master of Light" saboda kulawar da ya bayar don bayyana yadda haske ke wasa da fata, masana'anta, da duwatsu masu daraja a cikin aikinsa. Kwarewarsa ta samo asali ne daga amfani da fasahar Renaissance irin su chiaroscuro, gauraye da nasa musamman amfani da haske, inuwa da launi don tayar da rubutu, zurfi da motsin rai.
Launuka da launuka sun kasance suna da sha'awar Vermeer sosai kuma an san shi da kyawawan haɗe-haɗe na ethereal. An ce majibincinsa, Pieter van Rujiven, ya saya kuma ya ba wa mai zane kayan masarufi masu tsada irin su lapis lazuli da carmine don waɗannan ayyukan. Wataƙila ba abin mamaki ba ne, a wannan lokacin ne mai zanen ya fara cin bashi, mai tilastawa kamar yadda yake tare da kayansa masu mahimmanci.
Vermeer ya kasance hamshakin mai zane mai nasara a rayuwarsa, amma a yau zane-zane 34 ne kawai aka danganta shi da shi (wasu kuma suna da shakku), wanda ke nuni da yadda mai zanen ya gudanar da aikin sa na rashin rikon sakainar kashi, wanda daga karshe zai bar shi da iyalinsa bashi da matsananciyar wahala.
Tun da rashin tabbas na tattalin arziki, hauka, da baƙin ciki sun ƙarfafa rayuwar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, an ɗauka cewa idyll Vermeer shiru an san shi da zayyana a cikin zane yana nuna duniyar da shi da kansa zai so ya zauna a ciki.
Sauran ayyukan Vermeer
Daga cikin ayyukan mai zanen Dutch Vermeer wanda za a iya sha'awar kuma a lura da shi ga jama'a, ana iya ambata masu zuwa:
- Kristi a gidan Marta da Maryamu daga 1654-1656
- Farashin 1656
- Jami’in Da Yarinyar Dariya Daga 1657-1660
- Yarinyar da Gilashin Wine, 1659
- Ra'ayin Delft daga 1660-1661
- Mace a Blue Karatun Wasika daga 1662-1663
- Darasi na Kiɗa ko Uwargida a Budurwa tare da ɗan Adam 1662-1665
- Yarinyar da Kunnen Lu'u-lu'u, 1665
- Lady da Maid na 1667
- Masanin astronomer na 1668
- Wurin zama Lady a Virginal, 1672
- Misalin bangaskiya daga 1670-1674
Idan kun sami wannan labarin game da zanen "The Milkmaid by Vermeer" yana da ban sha'awa, muna gayyatar ku ku ji daɗin waɗannan wasu: