Tarihin GPS ko tsarin sakawa na duniya

Shin kun san cewa GPS tana da tauraron dan adam 24? A cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna muku tarihin gps, da kuma juyin halittarsa ​​tun daga halittarsa ​​zuwa yau.

Tarihin GPS

GPS, Tsarin Matsayin Duniya, wanda ke da asalin sunan Navstar GPS: Hanya ce da ke neman tantance wurin kowane mutum ko mota a Duniya.

Ma'aikatar tsaron Amurka ce ta kirkiro wannan tsarin. A halin yanzu yana cikin Rundunar Sojojin Sama na Amurka. Don cimma matsayin da ake so, navigator yana amfani da amfani da tauraron dan adam hudu ko fiye, da kuma trilateration.

Don gudanar da aikinsa, GPS yana buƙatar aƙalla tauraron dan adam 24 kamar yadda ake iya amfani da shi a sararin samaniyar duniya, a tsayin kusan kilomita 20000. Tana rarraba kewayanta ta yadda za ta iya samun tauraron dan adam guda hudu da aka gano a duk duniya.

A cikin shekarun 1960, tsarin OMEGA, wanda aka sani da tsarin kewayawa na ƙasa, bisa siginar da wasu tashoshi na ƙasa ke bayarwa, ya sami nasarar mamaye wuri na farko a tsarin kewaya rediyo na duniya. Koyaya, yayin da waɗannan tsarin ke gabatar da wasu hane-hane, sun ga buƙatar neman ƙarin amsa a cikin kewayawa wanda ya fi daidai, don haka fara tarihin GPS.

Sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da waɗannan ci gaban kewayawa a cikin tarihin gps ta amfani da tauraron dan adam wanda ya ba shi damar hango madaidaicin matsayi da matsayi.

Tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi ya cika wasu tanadi don aiwatarwa. Samun duniya; a wannan yanayin dole ne duniya ta mamaye gaba daya, ya dage kuma aikinsa ya ci gaba, ba tare da damuwa ko iyakancewa da yanayin yanayi ba. Kazalika kasancewa mai kuzari don ba da damar ya zama daidai.

A cikin 1964 wani sabon tsarin da ake kira Transit yana cikin ayyukan, kuma a 1967 sojoji sun yi amfani da shi don kasuwanci.

An tsara wannan tsarin ta tauraron dan adam guda shida na ƙananan polar orbit, tare da tsayin kilomita 1074. Sun ba da izinin yin aiki a duk duniya, amma ba dagewa ba. Yiwuwar wurin ba koyaushe ba ne, ana ba da damar yin amfani da tauraron dan adam kusan kowane sa'o'i biyu. Don ƙididdige matsayinsa, dole ne a kula da shi kowane minti 15 don hana shi rasa iyakarsa.

Rundunar sojin ruwan Amurka, a shekarar 1967, ta ci gaba da wani tauraron dan adam mai suna Timation, ya nuna yuwuwar sanya takamaiman agogo a sararin samaniya wanda zai samar da daidaiton bayanai, ci gaban da ke tafiya kafada da kafada da GPS.

A cikin 1973 shirye-shiryen da sojojin ruwa da na sama na Amurka suka yi aiki da su sun kasance tare kuma an fitar da abin da ake kira Shirin Fasaha na Kewayawa, wanda ke nufin Shirin Fasahar Kewayawa.

Daga 1978 zuwa 1985 sun buɗe kuma suna da tauraron dan adam gwaji na Navstar. Bayan su, sabbin tsararraki sun bayyana, har sai da suka kai ga ƙungiyar taurarin da a halin yanzu ake kiranta da ƙarfin aiki na farko, sunan da aka ba shi a watan Disamba 1993, tare da cikakken iko mai amfani zuwa shekara ta 1995.

A cikin 2009, Amurka ta haɓaka sabis wanda ya ba da izinin kafa matsayi da kuma taimaka wa ICAO, wanda bai ƙi karɓar tayin ba. Don haka kadan kadan aka kafa tarihin gps.

Halaye da siffofin da aka haɓaka a cikin tarihin gps

• Yana da taurarin taurari 24 masu wakiltar taurari 4 zuwa 6.
• Yana da tsayin kilomita 20200.
• Lokacin sa yana tsakanin awanni 12 na gefe.
• Yana yana da wani karkata na game da 55 °.
• Yana ba da kyakkyawar rayuwa na shekaru 8.
• Rukunin sa yana cikin duniya.
• Wurin mai amfani bashi da iyaka.
• A cikin tsarin haɗin kai yana aiki tare da 8000.

sigina a tarihin gps

A cikin tarihin gps mun gano cewa yana ci gaba da aika saƙon kewayawa a kusan bits 50 a cikin daƙiƙa guda a cikin tsarin canja wurin microwave na 1600 MHz. Don rediyon FM ana aika shi tsakanin 86 da 109 MHz kuma don wi-fi yana aiki da kimanin 5000 MHz da 2500 MHz, a cikin kansa tauraron dan adam gaba ɗaya yana aika 1600 MHz don siginar L1 da 1228 don siginar L2.

Wannan siginar gps yana ba da lokaci, lokacin da ya dace da kowane mako, ta amfani da agogon atomic da ke cikin tauraron dan adam, kuma yana nuna adadin kowane mako, kuma yana tsara ma'anar abin da zai ba ku damar gano ko tauraron dan adam yana da wani laifi.

Watsa shirye-shiryensa suna da tsayin daƙiƙa 30 tare da akwai ragi 1500 na bayanai. An kafa lambobin bayanan ta hanyar bin diddigin bazuwar sauri mai saurin gaske wanda ke siffanta kowane tauraron dan adam.

An kayyade lokacin watsa shirye-shiryensa, yana farawa da ƙarewa a lokaci guda, kamar yadda agogon da ke cikin tauraron dan adam ya nuna. Da farko ana sanar da mai karɓar bayanai game da haɗin da ke tsakanin agogon tauraron dan adam da lokacin da na'urar GPS ta nuna, kuma a karo na biyu, yana aika bayanan zuwa ga wanda ya aiko da ainihin kewayawar tauraron dan adam.

GPS tsarin juyin halitta hanyar

• Ana ƙara sabon sigina don amfanin jama'a akan L1.
• Hakanan, ana ƙara sabon siginar farar hula zuwa L5 tare da kusan 1177 MHz.
• Bugu da ƙari, an kafa wani nau'i na kulawa don sababbin alamun Tsaro don Ayyukan Rayuwa.
• Yana ba da mafi kyawun rarraba sigina.
• Yana inganta ƙarfin sigina.
• Ana ƙara karuwa a cikin akwatunan saka idanu, sun tashi zuwa 12.
• Samun damar haɗin gwiwa tare da ci gaban Galileo's L1.
• Haɗu da layin abokan ciniki, na soja ko na farar hula a cikin amfani da gps.
• Yana ƙayyade buƙatun gps III bisa ga nau'ikan aiki.
• Yana sauƙaƙe izini masu mahimmanci a cikin canji na gaba don biyan buƙatun da masu amfani ke son yi har zuwa 2030.

Wannan tsarin ya sami ci gaba mai girma wanda ya ba da damar kafa wuri a cikin iyakokin bayanan, wanda ya ba abokin ciniki damar ƙayyade ainihin motsi na sanannen Taswirar Wayar hannu.

Tare da wannan hanyar, ana amfani da zane-zane na 3D, ta hanyar na'urar daukar hotan takardu wanda ke da Laser, ana yin ma'aunin kyamarori, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, tsarin gnss, suna ba da izinin gano daidai, hannu da hannu tare da fasahar wurin guda uku: IMU, GNSS da Odometer, wanda suna cimma iyakar sigina, har ma a wuraren da ba su da kyau.

yadda gps ke aiki

Tarihin gps ya nuna babban ci gaba, a cikin su an sabunta ayyukan su, daga cikinsu yana da daraja a haskaka:

• A cikin ayyukansa, GPS tana nuna alamar da ake kira ephemeris, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa kowannensu ya aika nasa daban-daban, wanda aka kafa rayuwar tauraron dan adam. yadda yake a sararin samaniya, lokacinsa, abun ciki na doppler, da sauransu.
• Tauraron tauraron dan adam daban-daban ya nuna cewa wanda ke da alhakin karbar bayanan yana cikin wani fili na musamman a saman sararin samaniya, Arewacinsa tauraron dan adam daya ne kuma rediyonsa shine daidai nisan mai karɓa.
• Da zarar an samu bayanan da biyu daga cikin tauraron dan adam ke fitarwa, za a iya kafa wani kwane-kwane wanda ya kasance sakamakon bangarorin biyu a wasu takamaiman sarari, inda na'urar ta ke.
• Lokacin da aka karɓi bayanai daga tauraron dan adam lamba uku, kuskuren da ke hana agogon alaƙa da juna kuma masu cin gajiyar gps sun ɓace, suna samun daidaitaccen matsayi na 3D.

Idan kuna son wadatar da kanku da wasu batutuwan fasaha, Ina gayyatar ku ku bi hanyar haɗin yanar gizon Fasahar Fasaha

Amincewar bayanan da gps ke fitarwa

Tun da GPS yana da layin soja, a cikin Amurka, Ma'aikatar Tsaro tana kiyaye yiwuwar ɗaukan ƙarami a bazuwar, wanda za'a iya canzawa tsakanin 15 zuwa 100 m. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu ba a yi amfani da wannan kuskuren da aka yi amfani da shi ba, ainihin kuma ainihin bayanan da GPS ta aika yana da alaƙa da adadin tauraron dan adam da za a iya gani a wani takamaiman lokaci.

Idan bayanin da aka samu yana tsakanin taurari bakwai zuwa tara kuma ba su da daidaituwa, ma'aunin su yana ƙasa, zai iya zama tsakanin mita 2 a cikin 95% na lokaci, idan akasin haka ana amfani da tsarin GDPS, daidaiton ma'auninsa yana da yawa. mafi kyau, tun da yana wakiltar 97% na yanayi.

Amincewar bayanan da gps ke bayarwa ya dogara da nau'in matsayinsa, don daidai da daidaitaccen wurin auna wurin masu karɓa.

Kamar yadda muke iya gani, akwai ci gaba da yawa da ke faruwa a tarihin GPS.

Asalin kuskuren gps a cikin tarihin ku 

Bayanan da gps ke aunawa yana buƙata a halin yanzu, wurin da tauraron dan adam yake da kuma jinkirin siginar da aka karɓa. Daidaiton sa shine saboda daidaiton matsayi da jinkirin siginar.

Lokacin gano jinkirin, wanda ke da alhakin karɓar bayanin yana danganta adadin raƙuman da tauraron dan adam ya aiko tare da fassarar sirri. Lokacin da sharuɗɗan jerin ke da alaƙa, kayan aikin lantarki suna kafa rashin daidaituwa na 1% a cikin ɗan lokaci; don haka siginonin da gps ke fitarwa suna haɓaka a cikin saurin haske, wanda ke kafa kuskuren kusan mita uku, ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin ƙaramin kuskure lokacin amfani da siginar gps.

Ana iya inganta daidaito ta hanyar amfani da siginar P (Y), yana nuna sakamako iri ɗaya, wanda ke wakiltar 1% na lokaci, siginar P (Y), a cikin babban aiki, yana nuna daidaitaccen ƙarshe na kimanin 30 centimeters.

Daidaiton ma'aunin gps yana tasiri ta kurakuran da suka taso daga na'urorin lantarki. Ana iya inganta waɗannan hanyoyin aunawa ta hanyar amfani da software da hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a ainihin lokacin.

Idan kuna son sani game da juyin halittar GPS, ina gayyatar ku don kallon abubuwan da ke cikin na gani mai jiwuwa.

A cikin gefen kuskure a cikin tarihin gps, zamu iya la'akari:

• Jinkirta fitar da sigina a cikin ionosphere da troposphere.
• Alamomin da aka raba lokaci guda a cikin gine-gine da duwatsu kuma ana mayar dasu.
• Laifi a cikin kewayawa, inda bayanan ɗaya ba daidai ba ne.
• Yawan tauraron dan adam abin gani.
• Rashin daidaito a wurin tauraron dan adam da za a iya kallo.
• Kurakurai a cikin agogon gps na ciki.

Abubuwan da ke shiga cikin kurakuran bayanan da aka fitar.

Abubuwan da ke cikin kurakuran da suka faru a tarihin gps suna da alaƙa da:

Kuskuren tauraron dan adam na musamman a tarihin GPS

• Kurakurai a cikin kewayawa: isassun abubuwa suna da mahimmanci don fitar da kewayawa, tun da tauraron dan adam ba su da layin kai tsaye zuwa ga kewayar Kleperian, wanda shine abin da ake la'akari da shi na al'ada, wannan yana da sakamakon cewa tsarin ya katse saboda rashin sanin ilimin. makamashin da ke tasiri kowane tauraron dan adam.
• Laifi a cikin agogon cikin gida: Yana da alaƙa da canjin lokacin agogon ciki waɗanda ke haifar da asarar oscillators da waɗanda motsin tasirin dangi ke haifar da shi, wanda ya haifar da babban bambanci tsakanin lokaci wanda aka kafa da kuma tauraron dan adam.
• Kuskuren matsayi: Rashin tsaro ne ya taso daga wurin a matsayin ra'ayi daga rashin daidaiton matsayi da tauraron dan adam da aka zaba.

Kurakurai a cikin nau'ikan watsawa a cikin tarihin gps

• Kuskure a cikin ƙarfafawar ionospheric: Yana da alaƙa da mitar GPS, kuskuren ƙarfafawa yana bayyana daga mita 50 zuwa mita 1, ƙarfin ionospheric ya dogara da daidaitattun daidaito da ƙimar ƙimar kowane ma'auni da aka yi.
• Kurakurai a cikin ƙarfafa tropospheric: Waɗannan kurakuran suna yin alama tsakanin mita 2 zuwa 25, an raba wannan daga daidaitattun ma'aunin. Koyaya, ana iya gyara wannan kuskure ta amfani da wasu samfuran tropospheric.
• Multipath: Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar siginar ta iso ta amfani da mabambanta biyu, kodayake wannan na iya sa siginar ta katse. Ana lura da amfani da Multipath lokacin auna filaye, don ƙididdige siffarsa, ana iya amfani da eriya mai aiki tare da siginar da take karɓa daga wurare daban-daban.

Kurakurai kai tsaye masu alaƙa da karɓar bayanai a cikin tarihin gps

• Surutu: Amo yana da alaƙa da adadin bayanai da lokacin da ake buƙata don samun su daidai, dole ne a bi wannan don samun ma'auni daidai.
• Cibiyoyin Bayanin Eriya: Idan an sami sanannen kuskure a cikin rawar eriya a cikin ma'aunin, ana soke maki, lokacin da ma'aunin daidai yake, an daidaita eriya zuwa hanya guda don samun sakamakon da ake so.

Haɗin gps zuwa wayoyin hannu

A halin yanzu, amfani da gps a cikin wayar tarho ya sami babban ci gaba, an shigar da shi cikin wayoyin hannu, yana da matukar amfani lokacin neman adireshin, amfani da gps ya haifar da hanyar software na nau'o'i da nau'o'i daban-daban, kazalika nau'ikan kasuwancin da ke buƙatar amfani da wayar hannu.

Yana ba mu damar sanin wuraren da abokai da dangi suke ta taswira, kawai dole ne a sami dandamalin da ake buƙata.

Haɗin GPS a cikin agogo

Ci gaban fasaha a yau ya ba da damar yin amfani da smartwatches tare da GPS, za a iya amfani da su tare da wayoyin hannu idan muka yi magana, alal misali, agogon wasanni ko mundaye waɗanda ba su da fuska.

Kamar wayoyin komai da ruwanka, wannan yana ba mu damar sanin wurin da mutanen da muke so suke, kawai dole ne a sami aikace-aikacen da ake buƙata da dandamali.

Ka'idar Dangantaka da GPS

A cikin tauraron dan adam gps, agogo yana buƙatar alaƙa da wuraren da ke ƙasa, don haka dole ne a yi la'akari da ka'idar gamayya da ta musamman, tasirin da suke bayarwa shine: lokaci, canje-canje na mitar da haɓaka.

A gefe guda kuma, dangane da lokacin saurin tauraron dan adam yana karkata tsakanin kashi 1 cikin 10, wannan fadada yana haifar da agogon tauraron dan adam yana cikin kusan sassa 5 cikin sauri 10.

Dangane da yanayin sararin samaniya da kamanceceniya, farawa daga ka'idar dangantaka, saboda yana tafiya akai-akai kuma tsayin da yake wakilta, yana shafar saurin agogo, gabaɗayan alaƙa yana nuna cewa agogon kusa da abin da yake son aunawa zai yi hankali fiye da ɗaya. wanda ke nesa, idan muka danganta shi kai tsaye zuwa gps, abin da kuke son samun bayanan ya fi kusa da ƙasa fiye da tauraron dan adam.

Yin amfani da gps yanzu ya zama babban kayan aiki, duka don dangantaka da aiki, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama dole don sanin yadda yake aiki daga asalinsa don sanin iyakarsa da kuma samun mafi kyawunsa.