Nemo dalili kayan cin abinci, su ne na baya-bayan nan a cikin ƙirƙira da yanayin dijital, da kuma dalilin da yasa suke da daraja sosai a cikin gine-ginen software.
Kayan aikin DevOps
Ci gaban duniya, ci gaban fasaha da saurin da kasuwanni ke tafiya suna buƙatar ƙungiyoyi su tsara tsari da sarrafa ayyukansu don samun dorewa a kasuwa da sanya kansu.
Don sarrafa waɗannan hanyoyin, ya zama dole a sami ƙungiyar da ta ƙware wajen haɓaka software wanda aka keɓance da kowane tsari. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci waɗanda za su gudanar da waɗannan shirye-shiryen ko tsarin sun dace da masu haɓakawa. Don akwai haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu akwai kayan aikin DevOps daban-daban.
Don ƙungiyoyin biyu su haɗa kai, dole ne a sami sadarwa da haɗin gwiwa, amma kuma yana da mahimmanci mu tabbatar da cewa ingancin software ɗin yana da kyau da kwanciyar hankali. A takaice dai, kayan aikin DevOps hanya ce da ke sauƙaƙe wannan haɗin kai tsakanin ƙungiyoyin biyu, haɓaka haɗin gwiwa da sadarwa.
Kalmar da ake magana a kai DevOps an samo ta ne daga ci gaba (ci gaba), da kuma ayyuka (ayyuka). Manufar waɗannan kayan aikin shine samar da samfuran software da/ko ayyuka a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci mai yuwuwa, tare da inganci kuma a mafi ƙarancin farashi.
A taƙaice, kayan aikin DevOps wata hanya ce ta haɓaka software wacce ta ƙunshi haɗawa da masu haɓaka shirye-shirye da masu aiki, ba da damar tsoffin damar jagorantar ayyukansu wajen haɓakawa da ƙaddamar da lambar su cikin ƙasan lokaci. Sannan:
- Kayan aikin DevOps hanya ce ta ƙirƙirar software
- Sarrafa don haɗa masu haɓakawa da masu sarrafa tsarin
- DevOps yana sauƙaƙe ƙirƙira software a cikin ƙasan lokaci, rage farashi kuma tare da inganci mafi girma, ba tare da barin babban adadin sakewa ba.
Akwai kayan aikin DevOps da yawa, waɗanda za mu bayyana a ƙasa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kayan aikin ana sarrafa su a wurare daban-daban kamar a cikin gajimare. Don gano yadda suke aiki, muna ba da shawarar ku karanta hanyar haɗin kan Tsaron gajimare
Kayan aikin Gudanar da Code Source
Irin wannan kayan aiki yana ba ku damar bin diddigin aikin da ke gudana, zaku iya kafa jerin umarni, kafa wurare daban-daban, da sauransu. A halin yanzu, daga cikin kayan aikin DevOps a cikin wannan rukunin sune:
Github
Wannan kayan aiki yana ba ku damar sanin canje-canje daban-daban waɗanda aka yi zuwa lambar tushe, da kuma wanda ya yi waɗannan canje-canje.
Kayan Aiki
Wannan rukunin yana nufin waɗancan kayan aikin waɗanda ke haɗa aiki da kai a cikin kowane tsari na gudanar da kasuwanci wanda ke sa su zama masu fa'ida. Suna nufin sanya gudanarwa ya zama mai inganci da inganci. Daga cikin kayan aikin deps da ke kasuwa kuma waɗanda suka ƙunshi wannan nau'in, muna da masu zuwa.
Terraform
Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin deps wanda ya zama mai tasowa, kamar yadda aka kwatanta shi da kayan aikin buɗaɗɗen tushe wanda ke ba da damar ingantacciyar canji, haɓakawa da juzu'i.
Hakanan yana ba ku damar aiwatar da gyare-gyare na ciki ta hanyar keɓancewa. Muhimmancin wannan ababen more rayuwa shine akwai mabuɗin don aiwatar da sarrafa sigar, haɗawa da aiwatarwa akai-akai, da kuma sake duba lambar.
Kayan aikin Cloud
Kayan aikin devops da ke cikin wannan rukunin suna ba ku damar tsara wuraren aiki na kama-da-wane. Waɗannan sabis ɗin suna ba da takamaiman kayan aiki waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe aikin sarrafa kasuwanci. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan abin da ake buƙata shine waɗancan kayan aikin deps waɗanda ke ba da aikace-aikacen kuma ana iya sarrafa su ta kowace na'ura.
Lambda na Amazon
Wannan kayan aikin ya dace sosai don aiwatar da lamba a aikace-aikace ko ayyuka iri-iri na ƙarshen baya. Kawai kawai kuna buƙatar ƙara lambar kuma kayan aikin Lambda zai kula da gudana da daidaita lambar a gare ku. Yin amfani da Lambda zaku iya saita lambar ta yadda za'a kunna ta ta atomatik ta wasu sabis na AWS ko ta kowace aikace-aikace akan wayar hannu ko shafin yanar gizo.
Kayan aikin haɗin kai na ci gaba
Kayan aikin devops da ke cikin wannan rukunin suna ba da damar haɗin kai don ci gaba da gano duk wani gazawa a cikin tsarin cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci mai yuwuwa. A cikin wannan mahallin, ana iya bayyana haɗin kai ta atomatik azaman haɗawa da aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje daga farkon zuwa kammala aikin.
Jenkins
Wannan shine ɗayan mafi cikakken kayan aikin devops. Jenkins yana kulawa don haɗawa tare da yawancin sauran isarwa akai-akai da kayan aikin haɗin kai. Bugu da ƙari, Jenkins uwar garken sarrafa kansa ne wanda ke ba da rahoto game da canje-canjen da aka aiwatar; Yana ba ku damar yin gwaje-gwaje a ainihin lokacin da rarraba lambar zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Kamar yadda wannan kayan aiki ya ƙunshi plugins fiye da dubu ana ɗaukarsa azaman kayan aiki mai ƙarfi sosai.
JenkinsX
Wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin kayan aikin deps da aka ƙera don tura nau'ikan microservices akan kwamfutoci da yawa a lokaci guda. Amfanin wannan kayan aiki shine cewa yana dacewa da dandamali daban-daban kamar Google, Amazon, IBM Cloud, Azure, OpenShifr da Pivotal. Manufarta ita ce ƙara saurin haɓakawa da haɓaka CI/CD.
kayan aikin sa ido
Kamfanoni a halin yanzu suna amfani da kayan aikin daban-daban waɗanda ke ba su damar haɓaka ayyukan su. Koyaya, ya zama dole don saka idanu akan software, cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a da aikace-aikacenku.
Don aiwatar da wannan aikin sa ido, kamfanoni suna amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban. Abin da ya sa, a cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku wanene sabon yanayin.
Grafana
Grafana kayan aiki ne wanda ke ba mu damar saka idanu akan yanayin masu amfani, da kuma haɓaka aikace-aikacen. A gefe guda, yana ba mu damar ƙayyade maimaita rashin nasarar da ke tasowa kafin ko lokacin samarwa, da kuma a cikin mahallin mahallin, wanda ke ba da mahimman bayanai. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin wannan kayan aiki shine cewa yana da alaƙa da duk tushen bayanai kamar PostgreSQL, Graphite, Influx DB, Prometheus, ElasticSearch, MySQL, da sauransu.
Prometheus
Kayan aiki ne na buɗe tushen sa ido musamman don kwantena da ƙananan sabis. Prometheus saitin kayan aiki ne waɗanda da su zaku iya saka idanu akan tafiyar matakai ta hanyar keɓantacce. Hakanan yana ba ku damar gano faɗakarwar tushen buɗaɗɗen da aka ƙera don kwantena da microservices.
DevOps Kwantena
Devops kwantena suna ba da damar aikace-aikace don raba su daga wuraren da ake amfani da su. Waɗannan abstractions suna ba da damar yin amfani da kayan aikin da ke cikin kwantena cikin sauƙi kuma akai-akai. Akwai wasu kayan aikin deps don kwantena amma a halin yanzu mafi yawan amfani dasu sune masu zuwa.
Kubernetes
A cikin kewayon kayan aikin DevOps, wanda ke da babbar buƙata shine Kubernetes. Wannan kayan aiki yana ba ku damar aiwatarwa da sarrafa tsarin da aka haɓaka don kwantena na Linux.
Wata fa'ida ita ce tana sauƙaƙe amfani da ikon kwamfuta yayin gudanar da aikace-aikacen software. Hakanan, wannan kayan aikin yana ba da damar sarrafa kansa, aiwatar da shirye-shirye da aiwatar da kwantena aikace-aikacen a cikin gungu na inji. Wannan ba tare da la'akari da nau'in yanayin da aikace-aikacen yake ba, wato, a cikin sirri, mahallin mahalli ko gajimare.
Docker
Docker wani nau'in kayan aiki ne na kayan aikin da ake buƙata sosai, saboda ta hanyar aiwatar da aikace-aikacen za a iya sarrafa su ta atomatik da daidaita su, don sarrafa wasu sassan software daga kowane yanayi. Kuna iya ma raba masu haɓakawa da masu aiki, rage farashin aiki.
Tarin DevOps
Rukunin na'urori ne masu haɗin kai ta hanyar sadarwa mai sauri, kuma waɗanda ke aiki kamar na'ura ɗaya ce. Amfanin gungu shine za ku iya samun dama ga kwamfuta mai saurin gudu da ƙarfi don samun damar aiwatar da takamaiman ayyuka da ayyuka. Don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan da ke akwai wasu kayan aikin DevOps kamar:
kops
Wannan kayan aiki yana da tsarin umarni musamman don zayyana gungu, kiyaye su na zamani, daidaitawa da aiwatar da canje-canje masu mahimmanci. Hakanan yana da ikon gano sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa.
Hanyoyin Sadarwar Layin Umurni
Layukan umarni musaya ne waɗanda ke ba da damar sarrafa shirye-shirye. Akwai wasu kayan aikin devops waɗanda za mu bayyana a ƙasa.
Netstat
Netstat wani kayan aikin DevOps ne a cikin nau'in layin umarni waɗanda ke bayyana haɗin gwiwar da ke aiki akan kwamfuta, ko suna ciki ko waje.
lotop
Kayan aiki ne wanda ke ba ka damar saka idanu akan abubuwan da suka danganci faifan Linux I/O da ƙirƙirar tebur na I/O da ke amfani da su waɗanda za ku iya aiwatar da su a kowace hanya a cikin shirye-shiryen ko software.
Madauri
Kayan aiki ne wanda ke ba ka damar gano kurakurai a cikin shirye-shiryen aiki na GNU/Linux. Har ila yau, tana gudanar da bin diddigin kiran da ake yi wa software da ake amfani da su ta hanyar tsarin da duk siginar da tsarin ke ɗauka.
ionotifywait
Karamin shirin Linux Kernel ne wanda ke da nufin tsawaita shirye-shiryen madadin ko fayiloli kuma a lokaci guda samar da bayanai game da waɗancan saitunan a cikin aikace-aikacen. Ya maye gurbin dnotify, wanda ke da manufa iri ɗaya.
Curl
Kayan aiki ne na deps wanda ke ba da damar tabbatar da URLs, da kuma canja wurin fayiloli ta Linux. Ana iya sarrafa shi da nau'ikan Dict, File, Ldap, Ttp, Ftps, Http, https, Tftp, Scp, Sfto, Telecet, da sauransu.
ngrep
Ngrep, wani kayan aikin deps wanda ke aiki azaman mai nazarin fakitin cibiyar sadarwa. Wannan yana yiwuwa ta hanyar haɗin layin umarni kuma yana dogara ne akan GNU na yau da kullun magana da ɗakin karatu na pcap.
Ka'idojin Yanar Gizo
Ka'idojin hanyar sadarwa sune ka'idojin da ke tafiyar da sadarwa tsakanin na'urorin da ke da alaƙa da hanyar sadarwa. Wannan saitin ƙa'idodin yana ba kwamfutoci da/ko na'urori damar ganowa da haɗa juna. A cikin wannan rukunin muna da kayan aikin DevOps masu zuwa:
Telnet
Ana ɗaukar wannan kayan aiki azaman ka'idar uwar garken-abokin ciniki wanda ke ba da damar haɗin kai abin dogaro. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da shi don yin haɗin kai zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ashirin da uku na Tsarin Gudanar da Gudanarwa (TCP), la'akari da cewa akwai sauraron aikace-aikacen sabar Telnet.
Ping
Yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan aiki mafi amfani waɗanda za mu iya samu a cikin software na gudanarwa. Godiya ga Ping za mu iya samun sauƙin isa ga runduna daban-daban waɗanda za mu iya cimma tare da waɗannan fasalolin gudanarwa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ana iya samun wannan kayan aiki a yawancin tsarin gudanarwa saboda yawancin fa'idodin da yake ba mu.
nfs
Baƙaƙen sa sun fito ne daga Tsarin Fayil na Fayil na Ingilishi (NFS) Wannan kayan aiki yana sauƙaƙe wa mai amfani damar samun damar fayiloli ta hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta kwatankwacin yadda take shiga wurin ajiyar gida. Abin da aka faɗa ya zuwa yanzu ana iya zurfafa shi da abubuwa masu kama da sauti masu zuwa.
Amfanin Devops
Kamfanonin da suka haɗa kayan aikin deps don sarrafa ayyuka sun bayyana cewa daga cikin fa'idodin da suka samu da waɗannan kayan aikin shine:
- Ƙara gamsuwar abokin ciniki
- Sun yi nasarar rage lokacin kasuwa
- Suna ba da damar kiyaye kwanciyar hankali da amincin shirin
- Inganta lokacin don murmurewa.