A cikin tatsuniyar Helenanci za mu iya ganin yadda wasu haruffan da ake ɗauka dodanni suma alloli ne ga wasu addinai, waɗannan halittu suna da labari mai ban sha'awa. Muna gayyatar ku don karanta wannan labarin game da Gorgon, daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa almara haruffa daga can.
Menene Gorgon?
Gorgon ba ɗaya daga cikin fitattun haruffa a tatsuniyar Girika ba, ko aƙalla ba kowa ya san su da suna ba. Idan muka yi magana game da gorgons, muna nufin wata dodo mace da ke da halin rashin tausayi. A gefe guda kuma, shigar gorgons a cikin tatsuniyoyi na Girka ya sha bamban da na sauran halittu.
Ba dodanni ba ne kawai da Girkawa ke tsoro, har ma wasu mutane sun ɗauke su a matsayin gumakan majiɓinci a wasu tsoffin ƙungiyoyin addini. Sunan Gorgon ya fito daga tsohuwar Girkanci gorgo Ma'ana mummuna, sun kasance masu ƙarfi da tsoro. Tatsuniyoyi sun ba da labarin yadda suke da ikon lalata mutane da kallonsu kawai.
An yi amfani da hoton gorgon a matsayin alamar gargaɗi da kariya. Ana iya samun su a wurare daban-daban, tun daga tsattsarkan haikali zuwa tulun ruwan inabi. Tatsuniyoyi na Girka suna magana game da manyan gorgons guda uku, Medusa, Gorgon mai kisa kuma sanannen Gorgon a tarihi, Esteno da Euríale, 'yan uwanta. Duk da haka, masu binciken sun sami damar ceto cewa an riga an yi amfani da gorgons tun kafin a gane waɗannan ukun.
Idan kuna son karanta ƙarin labarai irin wannan na Gorgona, muna gayyatar ku don karantawa haruffa masu ba da labari a cikin nau'in tatsuniyoyinmu.
gargajiya al'ada
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da ake wakilta gorgon. Duk da haka, yadda ake yin sa na gargajiya yana ganin su da fuka-fuki na zinare, manyan faratu na tagulla da ƙwan boar a bakinsu. Duk da yake gaskiya ne cewa yawancin tatsuniyoyi suna magana game da waɗannan halittu, yawancin labaran suna jaddada haƙoransu da fatar maciji, mafi kyawun fasalin su.
Abin sha'awa, an yi amfani da hotonsa da yawa. Ko da yake mutane sun yi imanin cewa su dodanni ne masu zubar da jini, hakan bai hana a yi amfani da su a matsayin abin layya ba, don haka ana ganin su a cikin gidajen ibada. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu halittu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gorgons, zakuna da sphinxes ana yawan gani tare.
al'adar gida
Homer yana ɗaya daga cikin marubutan da aka fi shawarta a cikin tatsuniyoyi na da, a cikin rubutunsa ya yi magana game da Gorgon guda ɗaya kawai. An wakilta kansa a cikin Iliad a matsayin irin kambi da Zeus ke sawa don nuna ikonsa. A gefe guda kuma, wannan kan Gorgon yana da daidai da matattun mutane, inda yake rikidewa zuwa wani abin da aka sani da garkuwar Agamemnon.
Duk da wannan magana a cikin Iliad, Odyssey, waƙar almara na Girkanci wanda Homer da kansa ya rubuta, ya yi magana daban-daban ga gorgons inda ya bayyana yadda wani dodo daga duniya ya kasance. Bayyanar gorgons uku ba ya faruwa har zuwa shekara ta 700 BC inda Hesiod yayi magana game da gorgon uku, 'ya'ya mata na dangantaka tsakanin Forcis da Ceto, gumakan ruwa.
Medusa, sanannen Gorgon
Medusa shine sanannen Gorgon, kodayake mutane da yawa ba su san ta don kasancewar wannan halitta ba. Wannan saboda ita ce 'yar'uwar mace. Yayin da ’yan’uwanta mata ke da mugun kamanni, Medusa, a daya bangaren, kyakkyawar budurwa ce. Shahararriyar tatsuniyar Medusa ita ce yadda take rikidewa zuwa wani dodo mai kama da 'yan uwanta mata.
Labarin ya ba da labarin yadda Medusa ya kasance mai tsaron haikalin Athena lokacin da allahn Poseidon ya yi mata fyade, yana lalata tsaftataccen yanayin wurin. Athena, cikin fushi, ta yanke shawarar daukar fansa a kan Medusa kuma ta canza gashinta zuwa macizai masu guba. Medusa tana da iko iri ɗaya da ƴan uwanta mata, tana iya juyar da mutane dutse ta kallonsu kawai.
Ƙarshen rayuwar Medusa ya faru ne saboda godiya ga jarumi Perseus, wanda ya yanke kai don amfani da shi a matsayin makami har sai ya ba Athena don sanya shi a kan garkuwarta. Yana da godiya ga wannan labari cewa Medusa ya zama muhimmiyar halitta a cikin tatsuniyoyi, yana sanya ta, bi da bi, ɗaya daga cikin sanannun haruffa a tsohuwar Girka.
Hoton Medusa
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, masu zane-zane da masu sassaƙa na lokacin sun yi tunanin Medusa da ƴan uwanta mata a matsayin mugayen halittu masu ban tsoro. Duk da haka, labarun sun bambanta sosai, kamar yadda nassosi suka yi magana game da Medusa a matsayin kyakkyawar mace mai kyan gani. Wannan, ba shakka, shine hoton kafin a canza shi, don haka akwai nau'i biyu na Medusa, kyakkyawar budurwa da dodo.
Ba shi yiwuwa a bincika tarihin Medusa ba tare da jin ɗan nadama ga wannan hali ba. An hukunta ta kan wani abu da ita kanta ba za ta iya hana ta ba, alhali wanda ya aikata laifin bai samu wani hukunci ba. Medusa ya sami maraba daga ƙungiyoyin mata daban-daban a yau. An rikitar da siffarsa ta zama abin kariya, har ma a irin wannan zamani.
Kuna iya karanta wasu labarai irin wannan a shafin mu. A gaskiya, muna ba da shawarar ku karanta Asalin Duniya a cewar Mayas a cikin nau'in tatsuniyoyinmu.
Ikon kariya da warkarwa
Ana ganin gorgon a matsayin matsananci duality, a gefe guda, sun kasance munanan dodanni. A gefe guda kuma, sun sami damar zama alamun kariya, tun kafin a ambaci gorgon uku. A Girka ta dā an zana su ko kuma an zana su da kamanni mai ban tsoro, kawunansu da ke shawagi, idanunsu masu kumbura, fatar maciji da harshensu a tsakanin ɓangarorinsu. An sanya waɗannan hotuna a kan ƙofofi, bango, benaye, tsabar kudi, garkuwa, duwatsun kabari, haikali da gidaje da fatan za su iya kawar da mugunta daga waɗannan wuraren.
Tatsuniyoyi sun bayyana cewa gorgon suna da iko mai ban sha'awa, wanda aka fi sani da cewa za su iya mayar da halittu zuwa dutse kawai ta hanyar kallon su. Duk da haka, tatsuniyoyi kuma sun nuna cewa akwai wasu halittu da suka fi gorgon ƙarfi tun da ba su da la'anarsu. Waɗannan halittun a haƙiƙa aljanu ne ko rayuka masu jiki, masu gadin gorgon da Hades ya aiko.
Tarihi bai fito fili ba game da menene sauran iko da gorgons suke da su. Mutane da yawa sun ce ɗaukar jini daga gefen dama na wannan halitta zai yi nasarar ta da matattu, yayin da jinin da ke gefen hagunsa guba ne mai ƙarfi wanda ya kai ga mutuwa nan take. Wannan hasashe ya samo asali ne daga tatsuniya cewa Athena ya ba Asclepius warkar da jini, wanda a zahiri an ɗauke shi daga gefen hagu, don haka ya mutu nan take.
Tushen
Gano ainihin asalin gorgon ba shi da wahala sosai, tunda tunaninsu ya tsufa a cikin tatsuniyoyi kamar na Perseus da Zeus. Duk da haka, akwai masana da yawa da suka yi tunanin cewa gorgons a gaskiya sun girmi addinin Girkanci.
A gaskiya ma, archaeologist marija gumbuta, an yi imani da kiyaye nau'in Gorgon a cikin wasu kayan tarihi na Neolithic waɗanda suka yarda da amfani da wannan hoton azaman abin kariya. Dukansu a cikin tasoshin anthropomorphic da terracotta masks, yana yiwuwa a lura da yadda aka zana hoton halitta mai haske da manyan idanu, wanda suka kira idanu na allahntaka.
abubuwan ibada na farko
A gefe guda kuma, ƙwanƙolin gorgon, waɗanda suke kama da macizai, sun kasance wani ɓangare na bukukuwan addini daban-daban na farko. Ko da wata halitta ce mai kama da ita, da yawa kawai suna danganta ta da asalin Gorgon. Duk tatsuniyoyi na Girka suna da wani abu gama gari, labarin asali ya ɓace a tsawon lokaci, a yau akwai nau'ikan iri daban-daban, wasu sun shahara fiye da wasu, game da haihuwar wasu halittu, haruffa ko manyan alloli.
Gaskiyar ita ce, mai yiwuwa ba za mu taɓa sanin ainihin asalin asalin ko dalilin da ya sa aka haife shi ba. Abin da za mu iya ɗauka shi ne cewa ya zama mahimmanci ga al'ada, wanda hakan ya sa hotonsa ya tsira shekaru da yawa da shekarun da suka gabata na wayewa.
Idan kuna sha'awar karanta ƙarin labarai kamar wannan daga Gorgona, muna ba da shawarar karantawa allah Jupiter a cikin nau'in tatsuniyoyi.
wakilcin al'adu
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, an yi amfani da siffar gorgon tun zamanin da. Wannan halitta ta tatsuniyoyi ya kasance babban ɓangare na fasaha da al'adun tsohuwar Girka, ya samo asali har ma ya isa a yau. Medusa yana iya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun haruffa a cikin tatsuniyoyi. Siffofinsa daban-daban suna nuna yadda wannan hali ya bi ta fuskoki daban-daban, tun daga dodo zuwa alamar kariya har ma da wanda aka yi wa fyade da la'ana.
Sananniya da gashinta da ke cike da macizai masu guba da kuma ikonta mai ban mamaki na juya halittu zuwa dutse, Medusa sanannen tsohuwar gunki ce. Har ma a yanzu, a cikin mafi zamani, siffar Medusa ya bayyana kullum a cikin al'adu da fasaha, musamman a cikin reshe na fasaha da ake la'akari da shi a matsayin pop art.
Shahararriyar Medusa ta zarce na sauran taurarin tatsuniyoyi, suna matsayi sama da wasu jarumai har ma da wasu alloli. Wakilin Medusa shine babban jarumin ayyukan wasu mashahuran masu fasaha irin su Leonardo da Vinci, Peter Paul Rubens da Pablo Picasso.
Daga zamanin da zuwa Renaissance
Manufar wannan sashe ita ce yin nazarin yadda siffar jellyfish aka wakilta a lokuta da al'adu daban-daban, tun daga haihuwarsa. Shugaban Gorgon ya kasance na tsohuwar Helenawa, alamar kariya. Wannan yana nufin cewa an yi amfani da siffarsa tun da an yi imanin cewa yana da ikon karewa ko guje wa mugunta, shi ya sa aka fi ganinsa a wurare masu tsarki, kamar gidajen ibada.
A gefe guda kuma, wannan hoton ya nuna mana wata Gorgon da aka wakilta da idanunta masu kumbura, ƙwanƙwasa da nuna harshenta na maciji. Hakanan an yi amfani da wannan hoton akan garkuwar Athena kuma wannan shine ɗayan shahararrun wakilanta har zuwa lokacin. A gefe guda kuma, hoton Medusa bai kasance tare da Helenawa kawai ba, tun a cikin 200 BC akwai Alexander Mosaic, mosaic na Romawa wanda aka samo a Pompeii.
A cikin mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi haƙiƙanin kwatancen wannan halitta, ana iya hango ta da jini na gudana daga ƙarƙashinta. Wannan watakila sigar ce mai ban tsoro ga waɗanda ke kula da hotuna masu hoto.
A cikin Renaissance, masu fasaha na lokacin sun wakilci ta, tare da Perseus. A cikin waɗannan ayyukan, an ga Perseus yana riƙe da shugaban Medusa, yana yin nuni kai tsaye ga tatsuniya.
XIX karni
Bayan juyin juya halin Faransa, hoton Medusa ya zama sanannen alamar Jacobinism. Har ila yau, ana amfani da shi sau da yawa azaman adadi don wakiltar 'yancin Faransanci. Wannan alamar adawa ce ga "'yancin Ingilishi" wanda hoton Athena ya wakilta.
Ga masu tsatsauran ra'ayi kamar Percy Bysshe Shelley, Siffar Medusa ta kasance jarumtaka mai ban tsoro. Wanda aka zalunta da ya sha fama da zalunci, wanda babban rauninsa kuma ya zama ikonsa. A gefe guda, Shelley ya buga waƙa game da Medusa na Leonardo da Vinci, yana sanya ta a matsayin mai juyi.
Amfani da zamani
Zuwan a mafi zamani lokaci, mun sami siffar da yanke shugaban Medusa, shi ne mafi gane wakilci a Girkanci mythology. An yi amfani da wakilcin Perseus tare da shugaban Medusa a kan murfin daban-daban na Edith Hamilton Tatsuniyoyi da wasu bugu da yawa da aka keɓe ga wannan fagen.
A gefe guda kuma, hoton Medusa yana bayyana a cikin salon, kamar yadda alamar alatu ta Italiya Versace ke amfani da shugaban Gorgon a matsayin tambarin sa. A cikin ƙarin fasahar zamani, wakilcin Medusa tare da shugaban Perseus shine avatar ƙungiyoyin mata daban-daban.
Idan kuna son wannan labarin, muna gayyatar ku don ci gaba da bincika nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka samo akan rukunin yanar gizon mu, tare da labarai na asali masu cike da ban mamaki da cikakken ilimi. A zahiri, muna ba da shawarar ku karanta sabon labarinmu akan Orpheus.
Muna matukar sha'awar ra'ayin ku, don haka ku bar mana sharhi don sanin ra'ayin ku game da wannan labarin Gorgon.