da Glaciers wanda ke ɗaukar dubban shekaru don ƙarfafawa, kuma saboda sauyin yanayi, a halin yanzu suna fuskantar manyan sauye-sauye. Anan za ku sami duk bayanan da kuke son sani game da glaciers, menene su, menene halayensu? da dai sauransu
Menene glaciers?
Gilashin dusar ƙanƙara jikkunan ƙanƙara ne da ke kan ɓawon ƙasa kuma su ne sakamakon tarawa akai-akai, ƙanƙantar da dusar ƙanƙara da kristal na dusar ƙanƙara, suna barin alamar wucewarsu a cikin muhallin da suke.
Suna wanzuwa saboda saurin saukar dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara, wanda ya zarce adadin narkewa a lokacin bazara. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa glaciers ke kasancewa a sandunan duniya. Duk da haka, suna iya samuwa a wasu wurare masu tsaunuka.
Adadin girma da ƙayyadaddun yadda aka kafa su tsawon shekaru, ana kiransa Glaciation. Ba duk glaciers ne iri ɗaya ba, wani lokacin suna ɗaukar halaye na yankin da aka kafa su.
A ko'ina cikin Duniya, akwai wurare masu kyau don samuwar su da rarraba su. Dangane da siffar su, za a sami filayen kankara, kwaruruka, niches, da sauransu. Hakanan ana yin su bisa ga yanayin da ake ciki a yankin. Don haka, za su zama iyakacin duniya, wurare masu zafi, masu zafi, tushen zafi, poly-thermal ko tushen sanyi.
Miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na duniyar duniyar an rufe su da glaciers. A halin yanzu, saboda dalilai na yanayi, wannan adadi ya ragu da kashi 20%. Ko da yake binciken kimiyya ya nuna cewa wannan raguwa a samansa yana faruwa ne saboda tsarin da ke tattare da yanayin toshewar kankara.
Ruwan da aka tanada a ko'ina cikin duniya yana taruwa a cikin glaciers. An rarraba mafi girman taro na glacier a yankunan kudancin kogin da tsibirin Greenland a cikin nahiyar Amurka, tare da fili mai sauƙaƙa ya wuce murabba'in kilomita miliyan goma.
Ayyukan
- Sun ƙunshi kashi goma na ɓawon ƙasa.
- Ana iya samun su a yankunan da ke kusa da tsaunuka.
- Suna daga cikin ragowar zamanin Ice.
- Asalin dusar ƙanƙara ta samo asali ne daga yankin kudancin ƙasar da kuma tsibirin Greenland.
- Suna da matukar mahimmanci, don rayuwar nau'in ɗan adam, flora da fauna.
- Sun kasance mafi girma na samar da ruwan sha a Duniya.
- Rage wani ɓangare na yawansa, yana haifar da ƙanƙara.
- An haɗa su bisa ga wurinsu kuma suna iya zama mai zafi, iyakacin duniya da kuma subpolar.
Menene sassan glacier?
Yana da matukar muhimmanci a san waɗanne sassa ne waɗanda ke cikin tsarin glaciers. A gaban ɗayan waɗannan kyawawan dabi'u na yanayi, yana da kyau cewa suna da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don gano su.
A ƙasa akwai sassa daban-daban na glaciers.
Gilashi circus
An san shi da cirque na glacial, yankin dutse a cikin nau'i na basin kuma yana da siffar da'ira. Wannan yana faruwa ne sakamakon zabtarewar ƙasa na dindindin a cikin tarawa da kuma ɓarnawar glacier.
Waɗannan shiyyoyin sun yi daidai da wuraren da dusar ƙanƙara ke taruwa a cikin mafi girman adadin da yake narkewa, idan aka yi tari. Sabanin haka, yankin abrasion shi ne inda gudun da dusar kankarar ke narkewa ya fi saurin da yake taruwa.
Harshen yare
Jikuna ne manya-manyan kankara da ke gangarowa daga tsaunuka saboda tasirin nauyi. Wannan motsi na ƙasa yana haifar da ɗimbin duwatsu da aka ja daga tsaunin tsaunuka a hanyarsa.
Wannan motsi na dutse yana bayyana tsarin da ke ƙarƙashin gangaren gangaren, waɗanda ake kira moraines. Cewa su ba wani abu ba ne, sarƙoƙi na kayan glacial ba tare da ƙaddamarwa ba.
Yankin zubar da ciki
Yankin ablation shine wurin da mafi girman dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara ke faruwa. Wadannan hasara mai yawa sun samo asali ne saboda narkar da kankara ko kuma sauyin yanayi daga kauri zuwa gaseous yanayi, wato saboda tururin kankara.
Duk waɗannan tsare-tsaren suna kawo gudunmawar ruwa mai yawa ga koguna, tafkuna da tekuna.
moriya
Yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ke motsawa, shingen ƙanƙara yana haifar da zazzagewa a hanyarsu. Ragowar kayan da aka wargaje suna haɗuwa da ƙanƙara kuma glacier ke ɗaukar su.
Akwai nau'ikan morai guda hudu kuma kowannensu an ambace su a kasa.
- Kaikaice: ana iya samun su a ƙarshen harsunan glacial, wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa da ƙanƙara tare da gefuna na bango a cikin ƙaura.
- tsakiya: Samfurin haduwar moraies guda biyu ne na gefe, wadanda suka rabu da harsunan glacial daban-daban.
- Bayani: Asalinsa ya samo asali ne saboda ɓarkewar ɓarna daga ƙasan glacier.
- Terminal: Su ne sharar da glacier ke samarwa. Yana cikin ɓangaren ƙarshe na glacier, a lokacin da zaren ya fara narkewa kuma asara yana faruwa saboda tsarin fitar da iska.
Samuwar kankara
An kafa Glaciers a cikin waɗancan yankuna na duniya, waɗanda tarin dusar ƙanƙara tsakanin lokacin hunturu ɗaya da ɗayan, yana sama da hanyoyin haɗuwa, evaporation da sublimation, wanda yake daidai da faɗin canjin yanayi daga ƙarfi zuwa yanayin gaseous.
Wannan tsari yana da jerin matakai waɗanda dole ne a cika su, kafin a ƙarfafa glaciers. Waɗannan matakan sune:
- Adana dusar ƙanƙara.
- m
- glacial samuwar kankara
Glaciers wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa kuma kamar kowane tsarin, suna buƙatar ma'auni. Ma'aunin glacier shine rarrabuwar kawuna da ke faruwa tsakanin riba da asarar yawan glacier.
Dukkanin tsari na ƙarfafa glaciers za a iya kwatanta shi da lissafin bayanan asusun, na ma'auni na tattalin arziki na sirri. Wato idan ma'auni ya kasance mara kyau, sararin saman yana ɓacewa a cikin glacier kuma idan saman ya karu, sai a ce akwai ma'auni mai kyau.
A gefe guda, glaciers dole ne su sami ma'auni don daidaita yawan su. Lokacin da, saboda tarin ƙanƙara, glacier ya sami taro, an san shi da tarawa, akasin haka, idan ya rasa shi, ana kiran shi ablation.
Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da glacier ya kai ga tarin yawa, daga cikinsu zamu iya ambata:
- Daskarewar ruwa.
- Ayyukan iskoki, lokacin jigilar dusar ƙanƙara.
- Dusar ƙanƙara, kai tsaye a kan glacier.
- A sanyi.
- Avalanches da ke ɗauke da dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara.
glacial samuwar kankara
Kankara glacial yana faruwa a wuraren da adadin tarin dusar ƙanƙara ya wuce narkewar dusar ƙanƙara. Samar da cewa ƙananan yadudduka an haɗa su ta hanyar tasirin nauyin da aka yi da manyan yadudduka.
Cewa tarin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin manyan yadudduka na glacier na iya haifar da ƙanƙara galibi saboda hanyoyin haɓakawa da canji. Wadannan matakai suna shafar yawan zafin jiki da yanayin zafi na yankin da aka kafa.
A cikin yankuna na kudancin kudancin, inda saboda dalilai na yanayi, tsarin haɗin kai yana da hankali sosai, matakin agglutination yana faruwa a hankali. A saboda wannan dalili, samuwar kankara na glacial na iya ɗaukar daruruwan shekaru.
Lu'ulu'u na kankara suna fuskantar babban matsin lamba, waɗannan dakarun suna haifar da sauye-sauye masu girma da suke haifar da canje-canje a cikin motsin waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara.
Dangane da yanayin yanayin yankin, inda glaciers ke, zai shafi fadada kowane ɗayansu. Kuma duk, godiya ga ma'aunin da ke faruwa a tsakanin kayan da aka tara a saman glaciers da adadin da ke narkewa.
Ƙirƙirar ƙanƙara a cikin yankuna na terra firma, ƙari na abu yana faruwa a saman glacial taro. Duk da haka, irin wannan riba mai yawa shine godiya ga halittar sanyi.
Dusar ƙanƙara ita ce samfurin canji na tururin ruwa, har sai sun kasance a cikin m yanayi. Kuma wannan sabon abu shine wanda ke ba da gudummawar kayan aiki ga glaciers kuma ba dusar ƙanƙara ba.
Rarraba Glacier
Ana iya rarraba dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyoyi da yawa, amma mafi yawan su ne: gwargwadon yanayinsu da kamanninsu ko tsarin waje. Bayan haka, an ambaci kowane ɗayansu.
bisa ga yanayin zafi
Daga cikin nau'in kankara da ke cikin glacier, ana bambanta mai zafin rai, an bambanta shi da sauran nau'in kankara, tunda yana cikin yanayin zafi, wanda wasu zasu narke. Akwai kuma nau'in ƙanƙara, wanda yanayin zafi ya kasance ƙasa da matakin haɗuwa.
Rukunin glaciers, bisa ga zafin jiki, an bayyana su a ƙasa:
m glacier
An bambanta glaciers masu zafi daga sauran, tun da yake suna cikin wurare masu matsakaici da ƙananan tsayi. Bugu da ƙari, zafin jiki na gaba ɗaya yana kusa da zafin jiki na narkewa.
subpolar glacier
Su ne waɗanda glaciers, wanda a cikin ciki na yawan su kula da yanayin zafi kusa da narkewa, amma a waje yankunan sun kasance tare da ƙananan yanayin zafi.
polar glacier
Suna cikin wannan nau'in, waɗancan ɗimbin ƙanƙara, waɗanda yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa da wurin narkewa. Matsalolin da ake fama da su, daga ƙasa da kuma saman. Yana ƙarfafa abun cikin ruwa ya kasance daskarewa.
Yi wannan motsa jiki na tunani: rufe idanunku kuma kuyi tunanin cewa kuna kan wani dutse mai tsayi sosai kuma sanyi ba zai iya jurewa ba. Suna ba ku kopin kofi tare da tafasasshen cakulan, kada ku ji tsoron shan manyan sips, tun da yake a tsayin tsayin ruwa ya kai wurin tafasa ƙasa da 100 ° C.
Wannan rarrabuwar da aka bayyana a baya don tunani ne. Tunda waɗannan gyare-gyaren halitta sun ƙunshi tsari masu rikitarwa kuma suna iya bambanta sosai daga wannan yanki zuwa wancan. Hakanan zafin jiki da tsayi yana rinjayar su.
Bisa ga sigar waje
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsarin ƙanƙara yana da nasa keɓantacce. Babu kama da ɗayan, ba a girman, launi da siffar ba. Rabe-raben da aka fi amfani da su shine kamar haka:
glacier mai tsayi
A cikin wannan rukunin akwai ƙananan glaciers, waɗanda ke cikin kwaruruka na Duwatsu. Saboda wannan dalili, ana kuma san su da kwari ko dusar ƙanƙara.
Suna da matsakaicin tarin dusar ƙanƙara, mai tsayi sosai kuma ƙaurawar sa bai wuce mita 70 a wata ba.
hular kankara
An kwatanta su da kasancewar manyan tarkace na kankara, wanda zai iya rufe tsaunuka. Yawan waɗannan ƙaton ƙanƙara ya yi ƙasa da waɗanda ake samu a cikin glaciers na nahiyoyi.
glacier ya cika
Irin wannan dusar ƙanƙara ana ciyar da ita ta hanyar kankara da harsunan kankara. Za a iya kasancewa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan kwaruruka, nesa da babban yawan kankara.
Suna da siffar su ga motsin da aka haifar a cikin iyakoki, daga manyan tsaunuka zuwa teku.
continental hula
Daga cikin glaciers, waɗannan sune mafi girma. Suna iya gane shi cikin sauƙi, domin suna da faɗin saman kankara, waɗanda ke samun sauye-sauye ta yanayin da ke kewaye.
Wasu yankuna na kudancin hemisphere da tsibirin Greenland ne kawai wuraren da akwai glaciers na nahiyar. Zama manyan tafkunan ruwa mai dadi.
Plateau
Gilashin dutsen, yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙasa, yana kama da hula sosai. Ana iya samun su a wasu manyan tsaunuka da kuma kan tudu. Suna halayyar yankuna na Iceland da a cikin Tekun Arctic.
piedmont
Piedemonte glaciers ana siffanta su ne saboda suna zaune a kan ƙananan ƙasa. Tushen su yana da faɗi sosai, kuma samfuran haɗin gwiwar glaciers biyu ne.
Mafi girman glacier na Piedmont yana cikin Alaska kuma yana da kusan kilomita 5.000.
kanti glacier
Nau'in dusar ƙanƙara ce ke da alhakin yin ƙirar gindin duwatsu, akan gadon kankara. Gudun wadannan talakawan ya yi kama da magudanar ruwa, suna tafiya mai nisa cikin sauri. Samar da gagarumin canje-canje a yankunan da suke tafiya.
albarkatun ruwa
Domin dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙunshi babban ɗimbin ruwan daskararre, an haɗa su a matsayin wani ɓangare na zagayowar ruwa ko zagayowar ruwa. Abin da ya sa ake daukar su a matsayin tafki na ruwa, suna fitowa daga ruwan sama.
A cikin waɗannan jikin ƙanƙara, sama da kashi 70% na ruwan da aka tanada na duniya suna ɗauke da su. Asalin ruwa daga glaciers ya zo daga tushe guda biyu, wato:
- Samfurin narke dusar ƙanƙara da kankara.
- Godiya ga ruwan sama.
Tsarin ciki na tsarin sadarwar ruwa mai rikitarwa na glaciers yana da wuyar gaske. Yana da tasoshin tacewa ko tarkace, kogo, fissures da corridors ta inda ruwa ke zagayawa.
Albarkatun ruwa yana da adibas a cikin tarin glacial. Samun waɗannan tsarin yana ba ku damar samun ajiyar ku koyaushe kuma kada ku dogara da sauyin yanayi don wadata kanku.
Kayayyakin glacier sun fito ne daga:
- Dusar ƙanƙara.
- Firn, wanda shine tsaka-tsakin abu tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara, wanda ya rage daga sauran yanayi.
- Fissures ko ɓarna.
- Lagoons
Ana kunna zagayowar yanayin ruwa na ciki na glaciers gabaɗaya a lokacin bazara, lokacin da abubuwan da suka faru na hasken rana ya fi girma kuma manyan asarar ruwa suna faruwa.
A yanayin dusar ƙanƙara mai zafi, asarar ruwa ta hanyar narkewa ne wanda kuma yana tacewa har sai ya kai fir. Wannan musayar ruwa tsakanin nau'ikan glacier daban-daban ba ya ci gaba da tafiyarsa saboda yadudduka na ƙarshe ba su da ƙarfi.
glacial yashwa
Irin wannan nau'in samuwar halitta kuma na iya haifar da zaizayar kasa a muhallin da suke. Ana shigar da duwatsu da sediments a cikin glaciers, suna fitowa daga gogayya da zamewar kayan dutse da sauran barbashi narkar da su.
Kafa
Yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ke fitowa, ta cikin ɗigon gadon da ya karye, wani ɓangare na kayan da aka samo a hanyarsa an haɗa su cikin toshe kankara.
Rushewar ƙasa, yana faruwa ne a lokacin da samfurin narkewar ruwa, ke sneaks tsakanin fissures na duwatsu da sake sake fasalin ruwa ya faru.
Yayin da ruwa ke daskarewa, duwatsun da ke kusa da glacier suna faɗaɗa kuma su karye. Ƙarfafa ɓangaren jimlar yawan glacier.
Abrasion
Zazzagewar abu ta hanyar abrasion yana faruwa ne saboda zamewar kayan dutse, wanda yayin da yake wucewa yana yin gyare-gyaren ɓangarorin kuma yana taruwa a gindin glacier.
Abubuwan da ke tattare da sauƙi bayan sun sha wahala tsarin zaizayarwa, wasu alamomi ne akan saman dutse, wanda ake kira glacial striae. Wadannan tashe-tashen hankula suna faruwa ne ta hanyar kaifi mai kaifi na duwatsun da aka sako-sako a lokacin da zaizayar kasa.
yawan yashwa
Gudun abin da ƙirar glacier ke faruwa, saboda yashwa, ya dogara da wasu abubuwan da aka ambata a ƙasa:
- Gudun ƙaurawar Glacier.
- Yawan ƙanƙara.
- Matsayin taurin dutse, wanda dusar ƙanƙara ke ƙauracewa.
- Erosivity na aiki jamiái na glacier.
Gyaran agaji
Akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke shafar sauye-sauye na taimako da shimfidar wurare. Waɗannan wakilai masu gyara suna fitowa daga ruwa, iska kuma a wasu yanayi ƙanƙarar glaciers na iya yin aiki.
glacial kwaruruka
Ƙwayoyin glacial ba tare da aikin ƙirar glaciations ba, za su sami siffar triangle mai jujjuya, don haka halayensa ya samo asali daga yashwar ruwa.
Amma godiya ga gaskiyar cewa a lokacin glaciations tsaunin tsaunuka sun sha wahala da yawa kuma wani ɓangare na su a tsaye yana da hasara mai yawa na kayan dutse, sun ɗauki siffar takalmin doki, wanda aka sani a yau.
Daga wannan tsari na canji ya taso dakatarwar kwaruruka, waɗanda sifofi ne da ke fitowa, da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta fara ƙa'idar janyewa ko ja da baya.
Fasa-falen da aka samu ta hanyar rarrabuwar kawuna da lalata ana biyan su ta kayan da aka samo daga tabkunan Paternoster, waɗanda aka haife su daga moraines na ƙarshe.
A cikin ɓangaren sama na glaciers, akwai tsarin da ake kira glacial cirques. Tawagar wasan sun yi kama da kwandon siliki, wanda bangonsa bai yi daidai ba.
Gilashin glacial cirques shine wurin da ya dace don duk ƙanƙara da aka samar don kawo ƙarshen tarawa. Da farko ana iya ganin su a matsayin rashin daidaituwa a gefen dutsen. Amma daga baya, yawansa yana ƙaruwa ta hanyar gyaran ƙanƙara.
Da zarar dusar ƙanƙara ta fara aikin narkewa, tafkunan da ake kira Tarn sun mamaye tafkunan. Waɗannan tafkuna na iya kasancewa saboda bangon da ke samar da moraines, duka biyun tasha da na gefe.
tuddai
Tuddan wasu gyare-gyare ne na taimako, samfurin aikin glaciers. Ana haifar da wucewa daga rabuwa tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara guda biyu, wanda ke tsakanin madaukainsu kuma an lalatar da shi don ƙirƙirar wucewa ko kwazazzabo.
fjords
Wadannan gine-ginen suna da siffa kamar coves masu zurfin gaske kuma suna samuwa ta hanyar tasirin ambaliya na kwarin da aka tsara ta hanyar aikin glacier. Siffar su kamar takalmi ne, kuma ba a iya ganin kasan sa, tun da yake karkashin ruwa ne.
Baya ga sauye-sauyen da glaciers ke haifarwa a tsarin tsaunuka, waɗannan gyare-gyaren kuma suna faruwa a cikin dutse ɗaya. Irin waɗannan canje-canje a cikin waɗannan nau'ikan yanayi ana kiran su gefuna da ƙaho kuma an ambata su a ƙasa.
gefuna
Gefen shine samfurin haɓakar cirques, sakamakon ƙaddamar da kayan da aka yi da dutse da kuma tasirin kankara. Circus a cikin wannan nau'in samuwar ba ya cikin da'ira. Yana nan a ƙarshen layin da ke raba su.
ƙaho glacier
Waɗannan su ne masu siffar ƙaho, kamar gefuna, su ma sakamakon ja da duwatsu da sauran barbashi ne a lokacin wucewar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara.
Cirques da ke tasowa a gefuna na dutse, shine abin da ke haifar da waɗannan sauye-sauye cikin sauƙi, saboda wucewar glaciers.
dutse mackerel
Irin wannan gyare-gyaren taimako yana faruwa ne ta hanyar wucewar glacier ta cikin duwatsu. Yana sa su ɗauki sifofi tare da dunƙule masu santsi.
Irin wannan shine ikon da glaciers ke yi lokacin da suke wucewa ta cikin tsaunuka, wanda a cikin farkawansu sukan bar gangara tare da gefuna masu laushi, waɗanda ke kiyaye saman su alkiblar da ruwan dusar ƙanƙara ya ɗauka.
drumlin
Ganguna ƙananan tsaunuka ne, waɗanda ke da gangare masu santsi kuma siffarsu tayi kama da cetacean mai barci. Sun samo asali ne daga lokutan glaciation.
Tare da waɗannan gine-gine, ana iya ganin ragowar morai. Saboda wannan dalili, ana kuma la'akari da su azaman kari na waɗannan, a kasan glacier.
glacial dutse adibas
A cikin yankin ablation ko yanki na kankara da asarar dusar ƙanƙara, ana samar da ruwa mai yawa. Wannan ruwa, yayin da yake nisa daga kan dusar ƙanƙara, yana jan laka mai yawa a hanyarsa.
Muddin gudun ruwan yanzu yana da girma, ana barin mafi kyawun ɓangarorin ɓarna a baya. Amma yayin da saurin na yanzu ya fara raguwa, ƙananan magudanar ruwa sun fara daidaitawa zuwa ƙasa da rassan wannan nau'in ruwa na yanzu.
Wannan tsari mai banƙyama na taimako, ya samo asali ne na sababbin sassa biyu, bisa ga wurin da ya samo asali. Idan ya faru a kan dusar ƙanƙara mai filafili, ana kiran shi fili mai alluvial. Alhali, idan ya girma a cikin kwarin dutse, ana kiran shi jirgin kwarin.
Adadin kuɗi a cikin hulɗa da kankara
Yayin da dusar ƙanƙara ke yin hasarar taro saboda dalilai daban-daban, ruwan ƙanƙara yana tsayawa. Ruwan ruwa da aka samar ta hanyar narke, suna wucewa ta hanyoyi daban-daban da aka kafa tsawon shekaru, suna barin alamun tarkace.
Wannan tsarin narke yana bayyana manyan adibas ɗin ma'auni, waɗanda ke ɗaukar nau'i daban-daban, gami da:
- tuddai.
- cumulus girgije
- Terraces.
Waɗannan gyare-gyare ne, waɗanda aka ba da sunan ajiyar kuɗi a cikin hulɗa da kankara.
Tuddan da ke da siffar fitattun tsaunuka, ana kuma kiran su kames kuma ba komai ba ne illa ginshiƙan da suka samo asali daga narkewar glacier, ajiyar datti ya kasance a cikin ɓangaren ciki na glacial block.
Har ila yau, ya zama ruwan dare a sami filayen kame a ƙarshen kwarin, muddin ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara ta mamaye wannan kwarin.
Wani samuwar ta adibas a lamba tare da kankara, su ne eskers. Waɗannan su ne adibas a cikin nau'i na tudu marar bi ka'ida, wanda conformance dogara a kan tsakuwa, yashi da sauran kayan.
Glacier da albarkatun kasa
Ko da yake yana da alama ba zai yiwu ba, a cikin waɗannan wuraren mara kyau akwai kuma rayuwa. Kowanne daga cikin kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta dole ne su daidaita ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta domin su rayu kuma su yawaita.
Flora
Nau'in tsire-tsire da ke zaune a waɗannan yankuna sun haɓaka gyare-gyare marasa iyaka, waɗanda yawancinsu sun ɗauki dubban shekaru. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta su ne ke ba mu damar rayuwa a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
A ilimin halitta, flora na waɗannan wurare masu nisa an kasasu zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu: waɗanda zasu iya dacewa da rayuwa a ƙasa da waɗanda suka samo asali don zama cikin ruwa.
tsire-tsire na ƙasa
Suna da halaye na ƙasa, suna tasowa akan duwatsu, ƙasa da duwatsu, wanda saboda dalilai daban-daban, dusar ƙanƙara da kankara ba su rufe su.
nau'in furanni
A cikin waɗannan yankuna na dusar ƙanƙara, nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri biyu ne kawai za su iya rayuwa. Wato suna da tushen tushe, mai tushe da ganye. Waɗannan su ne carnation na Antarctic da ciyawa Antarctic.
Carnation na Antarctic, lokacin da yanayin yanayin ya yi kyau sosai, yana haɓaka ƙananan furanni masu launin fari.
Don haɓaka ikon su na rayuwa, an haɗa su da wuraren da al'ummomin moss suka karewa.
lichens
Daga cikin dukkan nau'ikan tsire-tsire da ke zaune a wuraren glacial, lichens sune mafi dacewa da yanayin rashin kyau.
Ƙarfinsa don daidaitawa da juriya kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa samfurin dangantaka ce tsakanin algae da naman gwari.
Suna zama a wuraren duwatsu ko duwatsun da dusar ƙanƙara ba ta rufe su ba.
Namomin kaza
Su ƙananan ƙananan nau'in nau'in microscopic ne, daga cikinsu akwai fiye da nau'in 60. Mafi girma nau'in girma a cikin mosses, yayin da wani rukuni na zaune a kasa kasa.
Musa
Gabaɗaya ƙananan halittu ne, waɗanda tsayinsu bai wuce santimita biyu ba kuma suna da halaye masu rarrafe. Ba kome ba ne kamar sauran tsire-tsire, tun da ba su da kyallen takarda na musamman don ɗaukar duk abin da za su kula da kansu daga wannan wuri zuwa wani a cikin shuka.
fauna
Dabbobin wadannan wurare masu sanyi an tilasta musu su saba da yanayin cin abinci, kitsen jikinsu da gashin su domin su zauna a wadannan wuraren.
Polar Bear
A cikin dukkan nau'in beyar da ke doron kasa, shi kadai ne wanda gashinsa ya yi fari kamar shimfidar wuri inda aka samo shi. Abincinsu ya ƙunshi cin nama, musamman na hatimi.
Ya sami sauye-sauye a bayansa da gabansa, don samun damar tafiya da iyo mai nisa. Kunnuwanta da wutsiya ba su da girma, wanda ke sauƙaƙe adana zafin jiki.
Ba kamar sauran nau'in beyar ba, beyar iyakacin duniya ba ta yin hibernate. Duk da haka, idan an yi mata takin, sukan nemi wurin da za su fake a lokacin hunturu.
arctic fox
Wannan nau'in dabba kuma ana kiransa da fox na polar. Yana da ƙananan kunnuwa kuma murfin gashin sa fari ne, don samun damar kama kansa a cikin muhalli.
Domin ya ci gaba da aiki a lokacin lokacin hunturu, yana ƙaura zuwa yankuna daban-daban don nemo ganimarsa, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa.
kurege na arctic
Kuren sanduna, na daga cikin dabbobin da suka sami damar dacewa da matsananciyar yanayin yankunan polar. Wurin zama na halitta yana cikin wuraren sanyi na Greenland.
Furen waɗannan dabbobin fari ne a lokacin sanyi, amma idan sun ƙaura zuwa wasu wurare masu zafi ko kuma da lokacin rani ya zo, gashinsu ya zama shuɗi.
Abincin su ya ƙunshi amfani da harbe-harbe na kayan lambu, ganye masu laushi da wasu strawberries.
Alamar hatimi
Daga cikin dukkan nau'in hatimi da ke wanzuwa a duniyarmu, ba duka ba ne ke jure wa tsananin sanyin glacial. Ɗayan da ya sami damar gyara jikinsa don daidaitawa shine hatimin Greenland ko hatimin Harp.
Samfuran manya suna da launin fata mai launin azurfa, fuskar tana da inuwar baƙar fata da tabo mai duhu a ɓangaren dorsal. Yayin da suke ƙanana, Jawo ya zama fari mai rawaya.
Gabaɗaya, ana iya samun su cikin rukuni a cikin yankuna, inda za su iya ba da mafaka.
Whales
Ko da yake akwai nau'ikan kifin kifi da yawa a cikin tekunan duniyar, whales ɗin da suka shafe tsawon lokaci a cikin waɗannan ruwan sanyi shine kogin Greenland.
Jikin waɗannan cetaceans suna da girma da yawa, ƙwanƙarar ƙoƙon su idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan suna da girma sosai. Suna iya kaiwa tsayi daga kai zuwa wutsiya na kimanin mita 20 kuma suna da nauyin kilogiram dubu 100.
Abincinsu ya dogara ne akan krill kuma suna iya cinye adadi mai yawa na waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi, kawai ta hanyar buɗe baki yayin yin iyo. Halayensu na ƙaura gajeru ne.
Penguins
Tsuntsun teku ne, amma ba shi da halin tashi. Dabbobi ne da suka dace da kyau don su iya jure yanayin zafi. Rashin iya tashi yana samun diyya tare da basirar yin iyo.
Godiya ga gaskiyar cewa suna da fuka-fuki da aka tanadar da ƙasusuwa kuma jikinsu yana da fusiform, suna iya isa cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin ruwa kuma suna tafiya mafi nisa cikin sauƙi.
Ana samun ikon yin tsayayya da sanyi mara kyau, godiya ga multilayers na plumage su da kitsen da suke riƙe a jikinsu.
Walrus
Dabbobin ruwa ne mai shayarwa, wanda ya fito daga yankunan Arctic. Kaurin fatarsu da tarin kitse suna ba su damar jure sanyin glaciers. Abincin su ya ƙunshi cin molluscs, kifi da ƙananan dabbobi.
damisa teku
Wannan dabbar marine ba ta saba yin mallaka ba, tana zama ita kaɗai har tsawon rayuwarta. Sai dai a lokacin kiwo, wanda ke da kusanci ga mata.
Suna auna matsakaicin mita 3 kuma suna auna fiye da kilo 300. Suna ciyar da tsuntsaye, wasu nau'in hatimi, krill da farautar penguins. Dabbobi ne masu tashin hankali.
Hatimin giwa
Su manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne, suna iya auna har zuwa mita 5 kuma suna auna tan 4. Fatar waɗannan dabbobin tana da kauri sosai kuma tarin kitse a cikin epidermis ɗinsu yana ba su sauƙi don shawo kan tsananin sanyi na wuraren glacial.
Ana iya gane su cikin sauƙi, domin manya suna da, a gaban kawunansu, wani nau'in ganga mai kama da na giwa. Abincinsu ya ƙunshi kama tsuntsaye da sauran hatimi.
Gilashin kankara mai ban mamaki, son sani da ƙari
Duk da cewa sauyin yanayi ya afka wa waɗannan mahalli masu rauni, har yanzu suna iya jin daɗin kyawawan yanayinsu da dukkan halittun da ke yin rayuwa a cikin su.
Perito Moreno Glacier
Wannan kyakkyawan glacier yana tsakanin Argentina da Chile, a cikin sanannen Cordillera de los Andes. A cikin ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa na wannan halitta ta halitta, ci gaba na kankara a koyaushe ya fito fili, wanda ke haifar da tari, tsagewa da kuma cire manyan tubalin kankara, daga facadensa wanda fadinsa ya fi mita 5000.
A cikin 1947, saboda ci gaban da yake ci gaba da yi, ta haye tashar Los Témpanos kuma ta sami damar taɓa wani yanki na tsibirin Magallanes. Bayan wannan taron, an katse hanyar ruwa daga tafkin Brazo Rico.
Wannan al'amari da ke faruwa saboda ci gaban Perito Moreno, ya sa matakin tafkin Brazo Rico ya karu fiye da mita 20. Wannan yana haifar da matsananciyar matsi a cikin dik ɗin da yake samarwa, yana ba da hanya bayan wani ɗan lokaci kuma yana haifar da raguwar ƙanƙara.
Wannan al'amari mai ban mamaki kuma na musamman a doron kasa yana faruwa ne duk bayan shekaru hudu. Yana da ban sha'awa sosai cewa dubban 'yan yawon bude ido sun zo wurin don kallon wasan kwaikwayo.
Amma kuna iya yin mamakin yadda za ku isa wurin? To, mai sauƙi. A wurin shakatawa na Perito Moreno Glacier, dole ne ku yi hayar sabis na jagorar yawon shakatawa domin ku ji daɗin wannan kyakkyawan al'amari ba tare da wani koma baya ba.
Amma idan kun kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda ke son tsara jadawalin tafiyarku, kawai ku ɗauki hanya 11 daga El Calafate kuma ku yi tafiya na ƴan kilomita ta cikin Magallanes Peninsula.
A matsayin shawara don adana waɗannan kyawawan wurare a matsayin budurwa kamar yadda zai yiwu, shine girmama shawarwarin da masu kula da wurin shakatawa suka bayar.
Taku Glacier
Babban birnin Alaska shi ne Juneau, wanda za a iya cewa tsibiri ne, wanda ke kewaye da duwatsu. Bayan duk wannan tsaunukan akwai filayen kankara na Juneau, kuma yawancin wannan filin daskararre yana cikin yankin Kanada.
Wani ɓangare na wannan saman kankara yana haifar da wani muhimmin rukuni na glaciers, wanda glacier Taku ya fito, a ƙarshen kudancin birnin. An dauke shi yanki mafi girma a duk Alaska. Kuma har kwanan nan, an dauke shi a matsayin mafi ci gaba glacier.
Glacier Taku shine mafi kauri kuma mafi zurfi cikin duk sauran dusar ƙanƙara da ke duniya. Yana da kauri kusan kilomita 1,5 da tsayin mita dubu 55.
Binciken kimiyya na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa wannan glacier ya shiga wani lokaci na ja da baya, kamar yadda ya faru da glaciers Alaska. Saboda halaye na musamman na yawanta, ta yi tsayin daka da barnar yanayi.
A cikin wani lokaci mai nisa, da alama za a fara aiwatar da cire manyan tubalin kankara. Yana haifar da rugujewar hanyoyin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci, jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa don jigilar fasinja.
Mer de Glace
A kan gangaren dutsen Mont Blanc wani ƙaton garin Faransa ne mai suna Chamonix. Wuri ne mai kyau don jin daɗin wasannin dusar ƙanƙara, godiya ga dabarun wurin da yake ciki da Alpes.
Amma kuma shine wurin farawa don ziyartar glacier tekun kankara ya da Mer de Glace. Ita ce dusar kankara mafi tsayi a duk faɗin Faransa, tsayin kusan mita 7000 kuma sama da kilomita 0,4.
Idan kuna son ziyartar wannan abin al'ajabi na halitta, dole ne ku isa ƙaramin tashar jirgin ƙasa ja a cikin garin Chamonix. Wannan hanya tana ɗaukar su hawan kilomita, tsakanin tsaunukan Faransawa kuma tafiyar yana ɗaukar kimanin mintuna 30.
Kafin isa tashar ta gaba kuma ana sha'awar kyawawan shimfidar wurare. A lokacin hawan suna da zaɓi na samun damar jin daɗin wasu kyawawan wurare waɗanda ba su da sharar gida.
Baya ga jin daɗin glacier na Mer de Glace, za ku iya kuskura ku ziyarci kogon kankara. Tsari ne da aka yi shi a dabi'ance, amma ba ya rage kyawunsa.
Yadda ake zuwa kogon kankara?
Dole ne su ɗauki jirgin ƙasa a tashar Montenvers kuma su ji daɗin hanya da shimfidar wurare waɗanda yanayi ke bayarwa. Bayan sun isa ƙarshen hanyar, dole ne su shiga motar kebul wanda ke kai su kai tsaye zuwa kogon. Zai zama gwaninta da ba za a manta da shi ba!
Athabasca Glacier
Fannin wannan katon kankara yana da kusan kilomita 12. Yana zaune a tsakanin manyan tsaunuka, daga cikinsu akwai Dutsen Athabasca da Snow Dome. Hakanan yana tare da Dutsen Andromeda da Wilcox Summit.
Glacier na Athabasca ya ƙunshi yankunan kwari, har zuwa filin Icefield na Columbia. Wannan yanki, kayan tarihi ne na shekarun zinare na zamanin Ice. Gilashin kankara yana cikin motsi akai-akai, har zuwa santimita 2 kowace rana.
Idan kun ziyarci Glacier Athabasca, ba za ku iya taimakawa ba sai dai ku sha'awar kyawawan filin kankara. Bugu da kari, masu gudanar da balaguro da yawa suna kan wurin don ba da tafiye-tafiyen jagora a ko'ina cikin glacier.
Wannan tsari na halitta wani bangare ne na wurin shakatawa na Jasper, wanda ke buɗe ƙofofinsa tsakanin Mayu da Oktoba, don jin daɗin duk baƙi. Ma'aikatan da ke kula da wurin shakatawa, suna ba da duk mahimman bayanai don jin daɗin glacier.
Za su iya yin tafiye-tafiye, tun da an shirya wuraren shakatawa tare da dukan hanyar don jin daɗi da sanin masu tafiya. Hakanan za su iya jin daɗin kyawawan shimfidar tafkin da magudanar ruwa.
A duk Arewacin Amurka, Athabasca shine mafi yawan glacier, saboda sauƙin shiga. Kuna iya zuwa can daga Jasper da kuma daga Banff kuma ta hanyar Babbar Hanya 93, daga filayen kankara.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa bai kamata a yi ziyarar wurin shakatawa ba tare da kasancewar ingantacciyar jagora ba. Wannan don kare rayukansu, saboda haɗarin haɗari.
Glacier Jökulsárlón
Wannan tafkin dusar ƙanƙara, komai awoyi nawa suka shuɗe, ba zai daina barin ku gurgu ba kafin kyan gani mai yawa, wanda ƙanƙara ke yi. Za su yi mamakin wasu hatimai masu wasa da kuma rawan Icebergs.
An kirkiro filin shakatawa na kasa a cikin 2008, tare da ra'ayin inganta yawan kankara da ke hade da sauran glaciers: Vatnajökull, Skaftafell da Jökulsárgljúfur.
Babban abin jan hankali na wurin shakatawa shine tsaunin kankara. Waɗannan sun fito ne daga manyan tarkace, suna iya yin iyo a cikin ruwa, har zuwa watanni 60 kafin su isa kogin Jökulsá.
Glacier na Jökulsárlón yana da yanki na 25 m², zurfin mita 300. Matashi ne a cikin duk glaciers, tun yana ɗan shekara 80 kawai.
A cikin waɗannan kyawawan shimfidar wurare, an yi wahayin wurare don yin fina-finai:
- Tomb Raider, a cikin 2001.
- James Bond, a cikin 1985 da 2002.
- Batman, farkon.
- Daskararre
- Jerin Wasan Al'arshi.
Akwai shawarwari da yawa don ku sami mafi kyawun ziyararku zuwa wannan kyakkyawan wuri. Daga cikin wadanda za a iya ambata sun yi la'akari da lokacin shekara da za su yi tafiya, da tsawon zaman, da sauransu.
- Ya kamata a shirya ziyarar sau ɗaya a rana, don su ji daɗin shimfidar wurare, ba tare da damuwa na lokaci ba.
- Idan kun yi tafiya zuwa Iceland a lokacin bazara, za ku sami ƙarin kari a cikin sa'o'i na hasken rana. Tunda lokacin ne lokacin da rana ke zama mafi haskaka sa'o'i.
- Akasin haka, idan sun yanke shawarar tafiya a lokacin hunturu, ba za su iya jin daɗin kyawawan tafkin ba. A wannan lokacin jiragen ruwa ba za su iya tafiya ba.
launin toka glacier
Yana cikin Torres del Paine National Park. Gaskiya mai sauƙi cewa sun ziyarci tafkin Grey zai zama abin ban mamaki. Koyaushe cike yake da dusar ƙanƙara da ke shawagi a ko'ina.
Idan abin da kuke nema shine haɓaka adrenaline, dole ne ku hau jirgin ruwa kuma ku sami farin cikin kasancewa kusa da ganuwar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan tubalan kankara.
Babu wani wuri da ka ziyarta a baya da ya kwatanta da abin da idanunka za su iya gani idan ka isa wannan kyakkyawan dusar kankara. Fissures waɗanda ke samuwa a cikin toshe suna bayyana layi mai daraja da wanda ba za a iya maimaitawa ba.
Suna da kalar shudi mai tsananin gaske wanda ke jan hankalin masu ganinsa. Suna da sihiri, suna jigilar ku zuwa wurare masu nisa, suna sa ku manta da duk abin da ke kewaye da ku. Suna cika ku kuma suna haɗa ku, tare da makamashin da ke fitowa daga tsakiyar Duniya.
Don isa ga Grey, dole ne su tashi daga jirgin ruwa daga tashar Puerto Natales. Hakanan ana iya isa gare su ta ƙasa, amma babu abin da ya kwatanta tafiya da jirgin ruwa.
Da zarar kwale-kwalen ya tsaya a tashar jirgin ruwa na Grey Lake, dole ne su ketare gadar dakatarwa a kan kogin Pingo. Tare da karkatar da iska ke samarwa, yawancin masu yawon bude ido suna fuskantar mummunar juzu'i.
A daya gefen gadar, za su sami wuri mai kyau na katako da kuma bakin teku mai ban mamaki. Bayan 'yan mintuna kaɗan cikin tafiya za ku iya ganin tafkin Grey, tare da rawan ƙananan ƙanƙara.
Jorge Montt Glacier
Wannan babban glacier yana da fadin kilomita 460 kuma yana kan aiwatar da ja da baya fiye da mita 2 a kowace rana. Domin yana gudana kai tsaye cikin teku, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin glacier na teku.
Wadanda suka ziyarci wannan wuri mai ban mamaki na iya jin dadin abubuwan ban sha'awa, kasancewa tare da yanayi. Don isa ga glacier, baƙi dole ne kayak, sannan su hau tuddai zuwa wuraren kallo.
Don isa gare ta, dole ne ku ɗauki hanyar zuwa Tortel Cove, wanda ya ƙare Carretera Austral, a Chile. Tafiya ta hanya kusan kilomita 100 ne. Amma yana da kyau a yi wannan yawon shakatawa.
Uppsala Glacier
Ana lissafta wannan glacier a cikin manyan glaciers na yankin Argentina. Filayensa ya rufe wani kwari, wanda gungun glaciers ke ciyar da shi kuma yana cikin wurin shakatawa na Los Glaciares, a Argentina.
Wanda ke da alhakin gano ta, shi ne masanin ilimin kasa da aka haife shi a Sweden Klaus August Jacobson, a farkon karni na 20. Lokacin da yake tare da masanin ilimin halitta na Argentine Francisco Pascasio Moreno, wanda aka fi sani da Perito Moreno.
Tsawon dusar kankara na da tsawon kilomita 54, wanda ya sanya shi na uku a cikin mafi tsayi a Kudancin Amurka.
Don isa ga glacier, dole ne su yi balaguron jirgin ruwa daga tafkin Argentina. Daga inda za ku iya jin daɗin kyawawan shimfidar wurare da aka rufe da dutsen kankara.
Idan kun ziyarci wannan yanki na Upsala, kar ku manta da kawo kyamarorinku da kayan aikin fim. Huluna ko visors, kariya ta rana, tufafi masu dacewa daidai da kakar da suka ziyarta.
Glacier Crown
Tsarin Glacial wani yanki ne na cryosphere kuma Venezuela da wuya tana da ɗayan waɗannan kyawawan shimfidar wurare. Glacier La Corona ko Humboldt yana cikin Saliyo Nevada na jihar Mérida a tsayin mita 4940 sama da matakin teku.
Wannan glacier yana narkewa a cikin sauri mai sauri, idan wannan yanayin ya ci gaba, wannan kyawun yanayi na iya ɓacewa da sauri. Mai da ƙasar ta farko a Kudancin Amirka da ta ƙare daga dusar ƙanƙara.
An kirga kololuwar Humboldt a matsayin na biyu mafi girma a Venezuela. Kololuwar jujjuyawarta tana ba da mafaka ga rukunin biyar waɗanda har yanzu suna rayuwa a cikin tsaunuka. Waɗannan su ne Corona da Sievers glaciers.
Sauran glaciers sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma suna kan Pico Bolívar. Wadannan gyare-gyare, saboda suna cikin wurare masu zafi na tsaunuka, sun fi dacewa su ɓace, godiya ga tasirin greenhouse.
Samun Corona Glacier abu ne mai sauqi. Ana iya isa gare ta ta hanyar tsarin motar kebul na Mucumbary, a cikin jihar Mérida, ko ta ƙasa, ta haye mashigin Merida.
Ga wadanda ke son yawon shakatawa mai tsananin kasada, za su iya hawan kololuwa tare da gungun jagororin yawon shakatawa da suka tashi daga Parque la Mucuy, a cikin garin Tabay. Wannan rangadin ya dauki kwanaki uku.
Yawon shakatawa na cikin dajin girgije, yana wucewa ta Laguna Coromoto, Laguna Verde, har zuwa saman kololuwa. Duk wannan a ƙarƙashin jagorancin masana waɗanda za su sa ku ji daɗin wannan yawon shakatawa na sihiri har zuwa cikakke.
Muhimmancin glaciers
Ƙanƙarar da aka samo a saman glaciers yana aiki a matsayin mai kariya. Ita ce ke da alhakin kare ɓawon ƙasa, tekuna da teku.
Waɗannan ƙwanƙolin ƙanƙara suna da alhakin yin aiki a matsayin manyan masu haskakawa, waɗanda ke mayar da yanayin zafi mai zafi a cikin stratosphere, kiyaye duniyar cikin yanayi mai daɗi.
Samuwar glaciers miliyoyin shekaru ne. Littafin da masana kimiyya suka yi, game da motsi da ja da baya na waɗannan manyan tubalan kankara. Suna ba da izinin kimanta abin da canje-canje ya faru a cikin yanayi.
Suna cikin wani babban tanadi na ruwa mai dadi, na duniya baki daya.Kashi na goma na duniyar nan na dauke da wadannan dumbin dusar kankara kuma yawancinsu suna cikin yankin kudu.
Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta shiga lokacin narkewa, suna ba da gudummawar ruwa mai yawa zuwa igiyoyin ruwa. Ana canza waɗannan a yanayin zafi, saurin igiyoyinsu da kuma cikin matakan ruwansu.
Ta yaya glaciers narke ke shafar hawan matakin teku?
Hanyoyin narkewar glaciers kai tsaye suna shafar haɓaka matakan matakan Caribbean Sea da sauran tekuna. Wannan kuma yana haifar da babban tasiri a kan iyakokin, saboda zaizayar ruwa.
Filayen glaciers na Antarctica da Greenland sune ke ba da gudummawar ruwa mafi yawa ga tekuna da tekuna, saboda narkewarsu. A halin yanzu gudun narkewa ya fi saurin ajiya.
Idan wannan yanayin ya ci gaba a cikin 'yan shekaru kadan, ana sa ran karuwar matakan ruwa zai wuce karfin kiyayewa na wasu bakin teku. Abin da zai haifar da mafi lalacewa Bala'i, a duk faɗin duniya.
Shin narkar da dusar ƙanƙara za ta iya shafar mutane da kuma yanayin muhalli?
Komai yana da sanadi da tasiri. Lokacin da ma'auni ya ɓace a cikin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na tsarin, yana rinjayar sauran waɗanda suke tare a cikin wannan tsarin.
Har zuwa lokacin da kankarar teku da glaciers suka narke, tekuna da teku za su fuskanci hauhawar zafin ruwansu. Sakamakon tasirin igiyoyin ruwa na teku, waɗannan yanayin zafi za su kewaya duk jikin ruwa a duniya.
Lokacin da rashin daidaituwa ya faru a yanayin yanayin ruwa, duk yanayin yanayin zai shafi, wanda zai haifar da raguwar samar da kayan kifi.
Haifuwa na dabbobin ruwa za a rushe kuma, saboda haka, da tsarin rayuwarsu. Samun damar bacewa wasu nau'ikan a cikin wani lokaci mara tsayi sosai.
Za a yi hasarar abubuwa da yawa na ilimin halitta, sabili da haka tsarin abinci na nau'ikan, wuraren zama da kuma ci gaban rayuwa na yau da kullun za a rasa.
