Koyi cikin wannan labarin duk game da tuberose furanni, shukar da mutane da yawa ke so kuma suke son sanin halayenta, yadda ake kula da ita, lokacin da za a datse ta, kwari da za su iya cutar da ita, wasu fasahohin noma, taki, ilimin halittar jiki da sauransu, ba su daina karantawa har sai da karshen koya duk wannan.
Menene tuberose kuma menene halayensa?
Wannan tsiro ce da aka fi amfani da ita, musamman a cikin abubuwan da suka faru kamar shekaru goma sha biyar da bukukuwan aure, kasancewar ita shuka ce mai matukar kyau, fulawa mara misaltuwa, wacce kuma take ba da kamshi mai jan hankali, a kimiyance ana kiran wannan tsiron da Polianthes tuberosa, ko da yake ba haka ba ne. Sunan da ake yawan amfani da shi a tsakanin mutane, domin yana da sauƙi a ce Nardo kawai.
Asalinsa shine Mexican, tun da a cikin wannan al'umma akwai yanayi mai zafi da sanyi, yanayin zafi mai kyau ga wannan shuka. Dangane da launinsa, yawanci fari ne kuma an fi amfani dashi, duk da haka, ana iya samun wasu masu sautin shuɗi wasu kuma masu ruwan hoda.
Sauran sunayen da aka san wannan shuka a ƙarƙashinsu sune:
- alkama
- Rod na Saint Joseph
- Tushewa
Don haka yana iya bambanta daga wannan yawan zuwa wancan, amma yana nufin shuka iri ɗaya ne; Iyalin da yake cikin su shine abin da ake kira Amaryllidaceae, ajin nasa shine Monocot kuma jinsin shine polianthes.
A daya bangaren kuma, ma'auninsa na iya bambanta, amma galibi yakan kai tsayin mita guda, a bangaren ganyen na iya kaiwa santimita talatin, wadannan ana iya dasa su. Irin wadannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire yakamata a dasa lokacin bazara, tunda a cikin kwanakin nan ne yanayin ya kasance mai laushi, akwai rana mai kyau kuma ana iya shayar da shi akai-akai.
Baya ga ba ka kamshi mai kamshi da kyakyawan yanayi, yana kuma iya ba ka wani mai, wanda za ka iya cirewa daga saiwoyinsa kuma da wannan ka yi turare ko turaren wuta don haka ka dade da wari.
Babban amfani da furanni tuberose
Kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon, wannan shuka yana da matukar amfani don yin ado da abubuwa daban-daban, tun da kyawunsa ya ba shi damar, bugu da ƙari, wurin zai zama mai daɗi da ƙanshin da yake bayarwa; amma wannan ba shine kawai amfani ba, har ma don yin turare don amfani ko na siyarwa idan kun fi son amfani da tushe.
Haka kuma, ana iya lissafta wasu muhimman abubuwan amfani da wannan shuka, kamar yadda yake da magani, kamar yadda ake yi. Insulin Shuka da sauran su, domin a wannan yanayin yana da tasiri a kan abubuwa masu zuwa: rashin barci, yana rage damuwa, yana da amfani ga cututtuka, yana da amfani ga matsalolin tsarin rigakafi.
Haka kuma, idan aka sha karan, zai iya taimakawa wajen mahaifa, ta yadda zai ba shi damar rage matsalar haila, a karshe yana da matukar amfani wajen yakar kwayoyin cuta da fungi. Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa yawan amfani da wannan shuka zai iya haifar da mummunan halayen, don haka ya zama dole a yi amfani da shi a cikin matsakaici.
tuberose namo
Dangane da amfanin gona kuwa, a kodayaushe akwai shakku mara adadi kan yadda za a yi shi, da lokacin da za a yi shi, a wanne fanni ne ya kamata a kauce masa, da sauran shakku masu yawa, hakan ba ya faruwa ne kawai da tuberose flower, Har ila yau yana faruwa kamar sauran mutane kamar shuka na Daisies ko orchids da makamantansu; domin yin shi ba daidai ba yana nufin shukar ba za ta ba da ’ya’ya ba ko kuma ba za ta sami irin wannan kyakkyawar siffar da ake so ba.
Sau da yawa ana danganta noma tare da mutanen da ke da gogewa, sadaukar da kai ga aikin lambu ko makamancin haka, amma gaskiyar ita ce, aiki ne wanda da ɗan sadaukarwa za ku iya yin kanku kuma ku kiyaye gidanku da kyau sosai, tare da ciyayi kore, furanni da sauran su. Abu na farko da za a lura game da shukar da ake tambaya shine cewa dole ne a girma ta cikin kwan fitila.
Haka nan, ya kamata a lura da cewa, ana ganin wannan shuka a wuraren da zafin jiki ya yi zafi, ba sanyi ba, kuma ba ya da zafi sosai, dole ne kuma yana da zafi, ba zai nutsar da shi ba, amma akalla yana iya samun isa.
Prune abu na farko da safe
Wani tambaya da ake yawan yi game da wannan furen shine game da datsa, saboda akwai masu ganin cewa hakan na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na rana, amma gaskiyar ita ce ba haka ba ne, a yanayin shukar mafi kyau. lokaci yana cikin safiya, ko da yake wannan ba haka al'amarin yake da dukan tsiro, don haka ya kamata ka yi tambaya game da kowace takamaiman shuka.
Madaidaicin ma'anar inda dole ne ku yi yanke daidai shine a gindin tushe, wannan yana motsa shi ta hanyar cewa ta wannan hanyar kwan fitila za ta ci gaba da kitse, saboda haka, ganye dole ne su kasance a cikin tuberose shuka.
Kar ka manta da cire ganyen da suka yi kama, saboda wannan zai amfani shukar ka, kamar yadda za ka hana sauran ci gaba da bushewa; Za ku ga cewa idan kun yi haka shuka ku za ta girma.
daidaitaccen taki
Wani babban abin da ke tattare da wannan da na kowace irin shuka shi ne wanda ya shafi taki, tunda kasa tana da abubuwan da suka dace don ci gaban shukar abu ne na farko, tunda idan kasa ta bushe sosai ko kuma tana da danshi to shukar. zai mutu.
Don takin shukar da ake tambaya dole ne ku sami taki ko yin shi, dole ne ya ƙunshi phosphorus, potassium da nitrogen, adadin daidaitattun sinadarai guda uku. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da za a saya taki a cikin gandun daji, ya kamata ka nemi ta musamman ga irin wannan shuka, wato na bulbous shuka, ya kamata a sanya shi musamman a lokacin rani da kuma bazara.
Ba lallai ba ne ka yi shi sau da yawa, idan ka yi shi kowane wata shida zai isa, za ka iya tuntubar musamman shawara tare da gandun daji ma'aikatan.
Taxonomy da Asalin
Taxonomically, an rarraba shi kamar haka: iyali shine abin da ake kira Amaryllidaceae, ajin shine Monocot kuma jinsin shine polianthes; Ita ce tsiron kusa da valerian, tsiro ne wanda shima yana warkarwa don dalilai da yawa, wato, danginsu ɗaya ne.
Daga cikin nau'ikan iri ko nau'ikan wannan shuka, mafi yawan noma shine abin da ake kira Polianthes tuberosa.
Wannan na asali ne daga Himalayas, a zamanin da yana daya daga cikin tsire-tsire masu daraja, tun da yake an danganta amfani da fa'idodin warkarwa daban-daban a gare shi, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi sosai a zamanin da. Ana iya samun wannan a Mexico, zuwa kudancin wannan ƙasa.
Tuberose flower ilimin halittar jiki
A nasa bangaren, kwan fitilar launin ruwan kasa ne, bugu da kari kuma, tana da nau’ukan sikeli, wadanda a cikin su ne wadancan abubuwan da suke amfani da su a matsayin ajiya suke taruwa.
A yankin da basal disc ne inda daban-daban tushen tasowa. A gefe guda kuma, akwai kara, wanda yake zagaye, koren haske, mai tsayi, kuma yana da fure mai sauƙi, ana iya ganin cewa akwai ƙananan ganye.
Amma ga ganyen, suna da sessile, masu layi da kuma ribbed, tsawonsu yawanci daga talatin zuwa sittin centimeters, suna sheki kuma koyaushe suna kusa da gindin wannan shuka.
Daga karshe akwai fulawa, wacce take da inflorescence, wacce a cikinta akwai furanni har zuwa ashirin, wadanda aka ware su da hermaphrodites, suna da kamshi, masu girmansu kadan, siffarsu yayi kama da na mazurari, suna da shida. petals .
Edaphoclimatic bukatun
Ya kamata a ambata musamman game da yanayin zafi, wanda idan shuka ya girma yadda ya kamata, dole ne ya kasance tsakanin digiri ashirin da talatin a rana, yayin da da dare zai iya tashi daga centigrade goma sha biyar zuwa ashirin. to shuka zai daina aiki.
Bayan haka, wajibi ne a nuna abin da ke da alaka da haske, wanda a cikin yanayin furen tuberose, yana buƙatar isasshen haske daga rana, in ba haka ba ba zai yi fure ba.
A matsayi na uku kuma shi ne zafi, bayanai sun nuna cewa dole ne ya kasance bai gaza kashi sittin ba ko kuma ya zarce kashi saba'in, tunda idan ya zarce adadin to shukar za ta shake ta rube. Alhali idan bai kai adadin da aka ambata ba to shuka zai bushe.
Na gaba kuma a shayar da shi, kada a rage adadin 1,5 g/l, a rika yin shi akai-akai har sai an ga ganyen farko ya tsiro, sai a rika yawaita.
Yaɗa
Don aiwatar da yaduwar ciyayi, abu na farko da dole ne ku yi shine samun kwan fitila wanda ya riga ya samar da girbi, wato, yana da yara, tunda daga irin wannan shuka ne zaku iya samun kwararan fitila don kitso. sama
Wannan yakan faru ne a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da kuka riga kuka sami wannan, yakamata ku ci gaba da bushewa, ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar sanya shukar cikin iska mai zafi ko adana shi a kusan digiri ashirin ko ashirin da biyar a ma'aunin celcius, barin kwanaki talatin su wuce. .
Kashe shukar kafin shuka ta, don shuka ta, dole ne a yi ta a cikin bazara, dole ne a shuka ƙasa, ku tuna cewa kowane furrow dole ne ya kasance yana da tazarar kusan santimita sittin kuma idan ya zo zurfinsa dole ne ya zama kusan santimita goma dangane da shi. girman kwan fitila .
Dabarun noman furen tuberose
Akwai dabaru guda biyu don noma, na farko shine noma na yau da kullun don yanke furanni sannan na biyu ana tilasta noma don yanke furanni, duka biyun za a yi bayani dalla-dalla a ƙasa.
Al'ada amfanin gona don yanke fure
Don wannan batu na farko, abu mai mahimmanci shine a shirya ƙasa, dole ne a yi wannan a gaba, wato, wata daya da kwana goma sha biyar kafin ranar da za ku shuka furannin tuberose, ƙasar da za ku yi. Dole ne a daka shi daidai da ƙasa, a cikin wannan tsari, ya kamata ku sami, idan kuna so, kamar yadda ya fi dacewa, taki mai fermented da kuma sanya shi a ƙasa, saboda wannan zai ba da damar shuka don ci gaba.
Hakanan, kar a manta da kashe ƙasa, musamman idan kun lura cewa yana iya samun cututtukan cututtuka.
Sa'an nan kuma dole ne ku aiwatar da shuka, dole ne a yi wannan na wani lokaci, daga Fabrairu zuwa Yuni, idan kun gama shuka dole ne ku shayar da tsire-tsire da ruwa mai yawa.
Tilas noma don furen cortada
Dangane da wannan fasaha ta biyu, kuma tana da sauƙi, ba kamar na baya ba, zaku iya yin ta ta amfani da kwararan fitila masu jinkiri ko haɓaka.
Idan za ku yi amfani da hanzari, ya kamata a gudanar da shuka a tsakanin watanni na Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, don ku ji dadin furannin tuberose a cikin watanni na Maris, Afrilu, Mayu da Yuni. Ya kamata a girbe kwan fitila irin wannan a watan Oktoba kuma kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin wani yanki na baya, ya kamata ku sanya shi a cikin yanayin zafi na kimanin digiri tamanin Fahrenheit don bushewa.
Idan kuna amfani da wanda aka jinkirta, to dole ne a yi shuka a watan Agusta ko har zuwa watan Oktoba, ta wannan hanyar furen tuberose zai bayyana tsakanin watanni na Nuwamba zuwa Janairu, dole ne a kasance ƙarƙashin zafi.
Kwari da cututtuka na tuberose furanni
Yana faruwa da kowace irin shuka, ko da yaushe akwai cututtuka masu yaduwa waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga furanni, mai tushe ko ganyen shuke-shuke, don haka dole ne ku sani kuma ku lura da halayensu, za su iya sa su baƙin ciki ko dushewa, kuma ku duba. ganye , tun da fungi, dabbobi ko makamancin haka ana iya nunawa.
Amma ga kwari, waɗannan na iya zama iri-iri, akwai aphid, farin kuda, gizo-gizo ja da thrips. A nata bangaren, jan gizo-gizo, ita ce wacce ke fitowa a lokacin da shuka ta yi zafi sosai kuma yanayin zafi ya yi yawa, za ku ga cewa akwai fararen fata a shukar.
Sai kuma aphid, wanda wani yanayi ne da ake iya gani a ganyen daji, kasancewar wasu nau’in ’ya’yan lemun tsami ne da suke manne da ita kuma ana iya ganinsu da launin ja, galibi ana ganin wannan a lokacin bazara. , don hana su zaka iya amfani da raga na musamman, cire ciyawa da suka lalace ko amfani da takin mai magani.
A daya bangaren kuma, akwai annoba mai suna whitefly, wacce ke da alaka ta kut-da-kut da yanayin zafi, wato akalla digiri 25 a ma’aunin celcius, idan wannan yanayin ya same shi, za ka iya ganin spots yellows a cikin ganyayyaki don haka sai su fara. bushewa
A ƙarshe, akwai annoba mai suna thrips, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga ɓangaren furen, wanda idan ya kasance yana iya samun fararen fata tare da gefuna baƙar fata, don wannan yanayin kuma zaka iya amfani da raga na musamman.
A daya bangaren kuma, akwai cututtuka da kan iya addabar tsirrai, wasu daga cikin wadannan yanayi na iya zama Botrytis cinerea, Ramularia primulae da Rot, amma na karshen ita ce naman gwari da ke fitowa a jikin shuka musamman idan akwai zafi mai yawa, wannan yana iya zama. lura a cikin kara da kuma a cikin tushen.
Na gaba dole ne mu ambaci Ramularia primulae, wanda zai iya shafar furanni tuberose, wanda kuma fungi ne, idan kun dubi shuka kuma yana da fararen fata a gefe ɗaya da rawaya a daya, to yana yiwuwa yana da wannan cuta.
Haka nan ana iya shawo kan wadannan cututtuka ko rage yaduwa, musamman idan kaga ganyen nasu yana dauke da cutar, sai a cire su a bar masu lafiya kawai, in ba haka ba cutar za ta ci gaba da yaduwa zuwa ga sauran ganyaye masu lafiya da lafiya. furanni.
Hakazalika, zaku iya rigakafin cututtuka ta hanyar amfani da taki mai lafiya koyaushe, lalata wurin, tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin da kuke amfani da su don datsewa da ruwa sun kasance tsafta gaba ɗaya, amfani da kayan sinadarai masu dacewa, tabbatar da tsaftar ruwan da ƙari, idan kun aiwatar da komai. waɗannan alamun zai zama ƙasa da ƙasa Yana yiwuwa tsire-tsire ku yi rashin lafiya ko kwangilar kowane irin kwaro.