A cikin duniyar halitta, kowace dabba ko tsiro tana cikin wani wurin zama kuma wannan shine abin da ke ba da damar dorewar nau'in a cikin lokaci da sarari. Na gaba, gano babban nau'in baƙon da ke cikin ƙasar Argentina waɗanda suka canza ma'auni na flora da fauna a cikin wannan ƙasa godiya ga sa hannun mutum.
Babban nau'in balaguron balaguro a Argentina
Tare da kyakkyawar niyya ko a'a, abin takaici mutum ya shiga kai tsaye wajen tattara nau'ikan halittu a duk duniya.
Abin baƙin ciki shine, zuwan waɗannan nau'o'in ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa mai mahimmanci a cikin wuraren zama na masu rai na asali, wanda ya canza yanayin yanayin su har ya jefa rayuwarsu cikin haɗari.
A cewar wallafe-wallafen da Ma'aikatar Muhalli da Ci gaban Dorewa ta Argentina ta fitar, ta hanyar tsarin watsa labarai na kasa game da irin wannan nau'in, akwai kusan 700 da ke rayuwa tare a wannan ƙasa. Na gaba, mun buga 12 daga cikin manyan abubuwan da aka samo kuma waɗanda suka yaɗu a cikin yankin Argentina.
Kuren Turai (lepus europaeus)
Ya zo daga Turai, wannan nau'in lagomorph mammal yana hayayyafa cikin sauri, yana samun tsakanin 3 zuwa 4 haihuwa a kowace shekara har zuwa 4, wanda ya ba da gudummawar haɓakar yaduwarsa a duk Kudancin Amirka.
An fara ganin waɗannan dabbobi a Argentina a farkon ƙarni na XNUMX. Yawan karuwar al'ummarta, tare da sha'awar ciyawa da sauran ganyaye da ba za a iya karewa ba, ya haifar da babbar illa ga fannin noma, tare da rage albarkatun abinci na sauran nau'in 'yan asalin kasar.
ja barewa (cervus elaphus)
Jan barewa na daya daga cikin nau'ikan mamayewa a Argentina da aka kawo daga Turai lokacin da karni na XNUMX ke farawa da nufin haɓaka adadin manyan farautar wasa da haɓaka bambance-bambancen halittu na gida.
Duk da haka, masu kiwon ba su iya sarrafa haifuwar nau'in ba kuma sun yi nasarar fadada ko'ina cikin yankin ƙasa, wanda ya shafi al'ummomin gandun daji. Masu binciken sun tabbatar da cewa daga cikin dabbobin da ake la'akari da su a matsayin maharan, dabbobi masu shayarwa na duniya suna wakiltar kasa da 3% amma ƙungiyar harajin da ke da mummunar tasiri shine ja dawa tare da 29%.
Kasancewarsu yana hana haɓakar manyan nau'ikan bishiyar, yana sauƙaƙe shigar da tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa kuma, a cikin wannan ma'ana, suna da barazanar latent ga dabbobi da dabbobi masu shayarwa gabaɗaya, 'yan asalin ƙasar Argentina.
boar daji (sus scrofa)
Kamar jajayen barewa, a kusan shekara ta 1905, waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda suka samo asali daga Eurasia da Arewacin Afirka, an tura su zuwa Pampas na Argentine don haɓaka matakin farautar wasanni.
Duk da haka, ƙaƙƙarfan faɗaɗa su ya mayar da su annoba, yana haifar da illa iri-iri ga muhalli. Kamar: fafatawa a gasa kayan aiki tare da nau'ikan 'yan ƙasa, lalacewar ƙasa da lalata iri, haɓaka kutsawa na tsire-tsire masu ban sha'awa, tsinkayar tsuntsaye masu tafiya da gidajensu, da kuma samarin shanu.
Na m nau'in daga Argentina, Boren daji yana cikin jerin dabbobin da ke yada cututtuka da cututtuka da za su iya cutar da mutum da sauran nau'in halitta.
Mink na Amurka (neovison mink)
Mink na Amurka yana cikin dangin mustelid, yana da alaƙa da ferrets da weasels, an gabatar da wannan nau'in zuwa ƙasashen Argentine a cikin 30s daga Amurka ta Amurka.
Da farko an tattara shi don dalilai na masana'antu a cikin kasuwar Jawo (wani mummunan aiki da ke amfani da fata don masana'antar kayan kwalliya) amma bayan gazawar wannan yunƙurin, an watsar da minks ba tare da wani nau'in sarrafawa ba, yana ba da izinin haifuwa da yawa da haifar da bi da bi. mummunar lalacewar muhalli.
Wadannan maharba sun zama babbar barazana ga rayuwar tsuntsayen ruwa a kudancin kasar, musamman wani nau'in da ya fito daga kasar Patagonia mai suna "Maca tobiano", suna kai hari ga kwai, kaji da tsuntsaye masu girma.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Tare da niyyar ƙarfafa kamun kifi a matsayin wasanni a cikin koguna, tabkuna da tafkuna, an gabatar da kamun kifi na bakan gizo zuwa ƙasar a cikin shekarun 40 a matsayin madadin yawon buɗe ido da kuma damar samun ci gaban kuɗi a lardunan Patagonia daban-daban na Argentine.
Godiya ga wannan yunƙuri, an san Argentina a duk duniya don wannan al'ada, har ta kai ga cewa akwai ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ke shagaltu da ceton al'ummar wannan nau'in. Hakan ya faru ne saboda a farkon kamun kifi ya wuce gona da iri, yana yin tasiri ga fa'idodin kasuwanci na al'ummomi da yawa tunda yana wakiltar kaso mai yawa na ziyarar masu yawon buɗe ido na ƙasa da ƙasa.
A zamanin yau, ana ba da izinin kamun kifi ne kawai tare da dawo da duk nau'ikan kifin da ake da su a Patagonia, kuma ta wata hanya wannan ya sarrafa faɗaɗa waɗannan samfuran waɗanda ke ci gaba da yin tasiri ga flora da fauna na Argentina, yayin da suke fafatawa da albarkatun kasa da nau'in asali, har ma da cimma bacewar wasu daga cikinsu, misali: mojarar tsirara.
Beaver na Kanada (castor canadensis)
A cikin 40s, Argentine Antarctica ta shaida zuwan beaver na Kanada. Daidai a yankin Tierra del Fuego, an kawo wannan rodents mai ban mamaki a cikin kasar tare da tsammanin inganta ci gaban yankin ta hanyar amfani da fata da Jawo.
Wadannan kyawawan dabbobi masu shayarwa su ma 'yan amfibiya ne kuma a matsayin hanyar kariya da zama suna gina kananan madatsun ruwa a cikin koguna, tabkuna ko lagos tare da kututturan bishiyoyi wadanda ke da mummunan tasiri ga kiyaye dazuzzukan Tierra del Fuego, da kuma toshewa. na ruwa zagayawa.
Hakazalika, beavers suna wakiltar babbar barazana ga dabbobin ruwa na asali, suna haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a wuraren zama.
jajayen bellied squirrel (callosciurus erythraeus)
Asalin asali daga Asiya, an kawo wannan nau'in squirrel zuwa Buenos Aires a cikin 70s don dalilai na ado. Har ya zuwa yau, ba a san ko wanene ke da alhakin hakan ba, amma sun bazu ko'ina cikin kasar ta hanyar wuce gona da iri, suna daidaitawa da wurare daban-daban (na halitta da wayewa).
Tasirin muhallin wadannan squirrels ba wai kawai fada da jinsunan gida don abinci da sararin samaniya ba ne, amma sun haifar da asarar tattalin arziki saboda lalacewar bishiyar 'ya'yan itace, lalata tudun ban ruwa, karyewar igiyoyin sabis na jama'a (wayar tarho, wutar lantarki). , talabijin, da sauransu)
kowa starling (sturnus vulgaris)
A ƙarshen 80s, an lura da starling na kowa a karon farko a Argentina kuma cikin sauri ya bazu cikin ƙasan ƙasa. Wannan tsuntsu ya fito daga Asiya da Turai, amma ya dace da yanayin yanayi daban-daban na kasar.
Tasirin yanayin yanayin Argentine yana da alaƙa da asalin abincin sa, yana haifar da hasara mai yawa a cikin sashin aikin gona, saboda gaskiyar cewa babban mabukaci ne na iri da 'ya'yan itace.
Sakamakon gasar cin abinci da ƙasa tare da tsuntsaye na asali, ya yi nasarar kawar da nau'in nau'i mai mahimmanci kamar horneros, wanda shine tsuntsu na kasa na Argentina. Wanne yana shafar jin daɗin kishin ƙasar Argentina kuma yana nuna babbar barazana ga rayuwar alamar tarihin ƙasa.
Bullfrog (lithobates catsbeinaus)
An kawo wannan bijimin zuwa Argentina a cikin 80s, ɗan asalin Arewacin Amurka wanda aka ƙaura zuwa Kudancin Amurka da niyyar amfani da gastronomic.
Sai dai naman nasu bai samu riba sosai ba kuma ma’aikatar lafiya ta ki ba da shawarar a ci su domin su ne masu dauke da kwayar cutar da ke haifar da zubewar jini a cikin hanji. Dalilin da yasa aka saki nau'in.
Yaduwarsu ta kasance cikin sauri saboda iyawarsu don daidaitawa ga canje-canje a wurin zama, samfurori ne waɗanda ke haifuwa cikin sauƙi kuma suna da juriya ga yanayin zafi ƙasa da sifili.
Sun zama mummunan tasiri a kan nau'in halittu na yankin Argentine, tun da yake suna ciyar da kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, dabbobi masu rarrafe, tsuntsaye, kwari har ma da kwadi da sauran masu amphibians, ba tare da masu cin nama ba wanda zai iya sarrafa yawan su.
Jajayen kunne Slider Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans)
Masu jajayen kunne sun fito ne daga Arewacin Amurka kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin m dabbobi mafi shaharar da aka samu azaman dabba a cikin nahiyar Amurka. Ko da yake ba a tabbatar da tsawon lokacin da suka yi a Argentina ba, yawan karuwar su a cikin 80 ya bayyana.
Rikon wannan nau'in na rashin da'a ya haifar da watsar da shi a wuraren da suka ba da izinin haifuwarsa da yawa, musamman yana shafar nau'ikan halittu na asali, tunda su ne mafarauta na flora da fauna na ruwa.
Giant African Snail (Achatina fulica)
Ba a san yadda kuma lokacin da ainihin wannan nau'in ya isa ƙasar Argentina ba, duk da haka, an san su saboda sun haifar da tasiri mai yawa akan aikin noma, wanda ya shafi ƙananan masu samar da su da suka dogara da shi don tsira.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 2016, waɗannan cetaceans sun mamaye yankunan Corrientes da Misiones, suna haifar da faɗakarwar lafiyar jama'a a Argentina, saboda yawancinsu masu watsa kwayar cutar ne da ake kira Strongyloides stercoralis, wanda ke da alaƙa da juyin halitta na pathologies kamar haka. kamar yadda strongyloidiasis da meningitis.
Hakanan yana cikin jerin abubuwan nau'in mamayewa a Mexico, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin annoba mai ban tausayi a yankin Caribbean na Kudancin Amirka. Tasirin da waɗannan nau'ikan ke haifarwa ga yanayin muhalli, wurin zama da musamman ga nau'ikan 'yan asali yana da yawa.
Tamarisk (tamarix)
Duk da cewa tsiro ne, yana daya daga cikin halittu masu ban sha'awa a Argentina daga Tekun Bahar Rum, ya haifar da lalacewa mai yawa a mazaunin Mendoza yayin da suke kusa da darussan kogi suna sha ruwa mai yawa don haɓakawa, wanda ke haifar da salinization. na ƙasa da karkatar da ban ruwa daga shuka.
