Idan kuna son abubuwan ban sha'awa na tunani, dole ne ku karanta fuskar bangon waya rawaya, ta Charlotte Perkins Gilman, labari mai ban sha'awa game da baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa wanda yake da matukar rikitarwa amma mai sauƙin karantawa. Amintaccen fil!
Duban Kusa da Ciwon Bayan Haihuwa
Wallpaper Yellow: Labarin Bayan Littafin
Wallpaper mai launin rawaya (The Yellow Wallpaper), wani ɗan gajeren labari ne da ya danganci tarihin rayuwar marubuciyar Ba’amurke Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1860-1935), wacce ta buga mafi shaharar aikinta a 1892.
Charlotte Perkins ta auri Charles Walter Stetson kuma sun haifi diya mace, kuma nan da nan bayan ta haihu ta fara nuna alamun damuwa bayan haihuwa.
Da damuwa game da lafiyar marubucin, sun je tuntuɓar Dokta Silas Weir Mitchell, wani sanannen likitan jijiyoyi na lokacin wanda ya gano cewa tana da "lalacewar jijiya" kuma ya ba da shawarar a huta magani wanda ke nufin cikakkiyar hutu.
Domin ya shawo kan matsalolin da ke damunsa, dole ne ya rabu da ayyukansa na yau da kullum, ya ajiye rubuce-rubuce, karatu, kuma, gaba ɗaya, ya yi ƙananan ayyuka kamar yadda zai yiwu, hutawa na jiki da tunani.
Charlotte ta bi umarnin likitanta na tsawon watanni, ba tare da yin rajistar wani ci gaba a yanayinta da lafiyarta ba, kuma ta tsananta har ta kai ga tunanin kashe kansa.
Wata safiya, marubuciyar ta yanke shawarar cewa ta sami isasshen hutu kuma idan ba ta halarci ayyukanta da ayyukanta ba za ta yi hauka ba tare da fata ba, don haka ta ci gaba da rubutawa ta fara aikin farfadowa.
Sai da ta koma bakin aiki ta farfado daga bacin rai, don haka ta yanke shawarar rubuta abubuwan da ta same ta, don kada matan da ke fama da ciwon suga su jure irin nata.
Ta haka aka haifi labarin fuskar bangon waya rawaya, labari mai wahala da ratsa zuciya game da ciwon ciki bayan haihuwa da kuma rashin daidaito da ake yiwa mata a lokacin, inda al'ummar ubangida suka dauka cewa ya kamata a ba wa mata umarni da yanke shawarar 'yan uwansu maza.
Fuskar bangon waya mai rawaya: Takaitaccen labari
Tarihin fuskar bangon waya rawaya an ruwaito shi a cikin mutum na farko, an gaya masa ta hanyar tattaunawa da mai karatu, an rubuta shi tare da jin cewa ana karanta littafin sirri na sirri, boye da kuma haramun.
Wata mata ce ta bayar da wannan labarin, bayan da ta nuna alamun tabarbarewar jijiya, sai mijinta, wanda shi ma likita ne a fannin sana’a, ya ba ta shawarar da ta kebe a dakinta, ta samu cikakkiyar hutu ta jiki da ta hankali.
Lokacin da rashin aiki bai taimaka ba, jarumar labarin ta fara damu da fuskar bangon waya mai launin rawaya da ta ɓace a cikin ɗakin da ta mamaye yayin "jiyyanta."
A cikin wata uku da ta wuce a tsare a gidan manor, mijinta da kanwarta (wanda ba ta amince da su ba) suna kula da komai, jarumar ta yi mana magana sosai game da mijinta, jaririn da ta haifa da kuma jariri. game da rayuwar zamantakewa wanda bakon abu.
Tsarin labarin kullum yakan canza salo, yana barinmu da halin katsewa wanda ke kusantar da mu ga rudani na tunanin da jarumar ke ciki, wanda ya tilasta mana jin dimuwa da damuwa.
Mai karatu ya fahimci jin daɗin kullewa tare da mai ba da labari a cikin ƙaramin sarari da claustrophobic na "keɓantawa" na wannan mace (wanda ba za mu san sunansa ba), kewaye da takarda mai launin rawaya "A cikinsa akwai idanuwa guda biyu masu lumshe suna kallon ku a kife".
Kadan kadan, mai karatu ya shaida yadda a hankali aka rasa asalin mai ba da labari, wanda ya fara ganin yadda mata suka makale a fuskar bangon waya.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman: Mace kafin lokacinta
Marubucin fuskar bangon waya rawaya, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, mace ce mai ban mamaki kafin lokacinta, mai zaman kanta da amincewa da kanta, wanda ya taimaka mata ta shawo kan damuwa da kuma yanke shawara mafi kyau ga rayuwarta.
Marubuciyar ta kasance mai karfin kare yancin mata kuma a cikin aikinta tana nuna kwakkwaran ra'ayinta game da mulkin mazaje na al'ummar ubangida da ta yi rinjaye a Amurka.
A cikin 1888, Charlotte ta yanke shawarar saki mijinta kuma ta koma California tare da 'yarta don ci gaba da neman aikin adabin ta kuma ta sadaukar da kanta sosai ga babban sha'awar rayuwarta, rubutu.
An haifi Charlotte a Hartford, Connecticut, a ranar 03 ga Yuli, 1860 kuma aikinta ya ƙunshi labarai, litattafai, waƙoƙi, kasidu, ta kuma yi fice a matsayin malami kuma editan wallafe-wallafen mako-mako "The Impress".
A cikin 1934, bayan mutuwar mijinta na biyu, Houghton Gilman, Charlotte ta kamu da cutar kansar nono, don haka ta yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa Pasadena tare da ɗiyarta da jikoki.
A matsayinta na mai ba da shawara mai karfi na euthanasia ga masu fama da rashin lafiya, Charlotte ta yanke shawarar kawo karshen rayuwarta tare da wuce gona da iri na chloroform a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1935 kuma a cikin bayanin kashe kansa ta ce mai zuwa:
"Lokacin da duk wani amfani ya ƙare, lokacin da mutum ya tabbata cewa mutuwa ta gabatowa kuma ba za a iya tsira ba, shine mafi sauƙi na haƙƙin ɗan adam don zaɓar mutuwa mai sauri da sauƙi, maimakon mutuwa mai ban tsoro da jinkiri.".
Idan kuna son abun cikin wannan labarin, kuna iya sha'awar sanin game da taƙaitaccen wasan ender, ta Orson Scott Card, don haka muna gayyatar ku don karanta wannan matsayi mai ban sha'awa.
Ayyukan adabi na Charlotte Perkins Gilman da fuskar bangon waya mai launin rawaya
A tsawon rayuwarta, Charlotte Perkins Gilman ta bar baya da wani gagarumin aiki a cikin salo daban-daban na adabi kamar su waka, labari, kasidu, labarai da gajerun labarai, littattafai, mujallu da sauran su.
Tsarin rubutun wannan marubucin gabaɗaya ana kwatanta shi da aikin Edgar Allan Poe, tunda ta hau ayyukanta tsakanin nau'ikan fantasy da ta'addanci.
Ita Utopia Herland (1915) ana daukarta a matsayin mai gaba-gaba na almarar kimiyyar mata, wanda saboda haka ta sami wurin girmamawa a tsakanin marubutan matan Arewacin Amurka tare da tasirin duniya.
Salon labarinsa ya ginu ne a kan sabanin da ke tsakanin gaskiya da rashin gaskiya, zato da hankali, ma’ana da rashin fahimta, tare da hadaddun haruffa da kuma hasashe mai haske wanda ke jawo mai karatu cikin duniyarsa ta musamman.
Ba shi yiwuwa a sami damar yin amfani da aikin Charlotte Perkins Gilman ba tare da karɓar "gayyatar" ta don ziyarci wurarenta ba, don sanin motsin zuciyarta da kuma tafiya hanyoyinta.
- Fuskar bangon waya mai rawaya. Labari (1892).
- A wannan duniyar tamu. Waka (1893).
- Adabi na mako-mako The Impress. Edita kuma marubuci (194-1895).
- Mata da tattalin arziki. Yarjejeniya (1898).
- Gida: Aiki ne da tasiri. Yarjejeniya (1903).
- Mujallar Gaba. Edita kuma marubuci (1909-1916).
- Kasar su. Littafi (1909).
- Abin da Diantha ta yi. Littafi (1910).
- Gicciye (Littafi (1911).
- Labari (1911).
- Motsa dutsen Labari (1911).
- Benigna Machiavelli. Littafi (1912).
- Idan na kasance namiji da sauran labaran. Labari (1914).
- Dellas: Duniyar mata. Labari. (1915)
- Herland (Matriarchy). Utopia (1915).
- Addinin namiji da mace. Yarjejeniya (1922).
- Rayuwar Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Tarihin Rayuwa (1925).
- Babu hukunci. Littafin labari da aka buga bayan mutuwa (1997).
Idan kuna son abun cikin wannan labarin, kuna iya sha'awar sanin game da taƙaitaccen littafin marine, ta Carlos Ruiz Zafón, don haka muna gayyatar ku don karanta wannan matsayi mai ban sha'awa.
Gadar Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Bayan bugu na asali na fuskar bangon waya rawaya, a cikin mujallar New England a shekara ta 1892, wani likitan Boston ya ce “Bai kamata a rubuta wannan labari ba, domin karanta shi kawai zai iya haukatar da kowa".
Tasirin zamantakewar da ɗan gajeren labari na Charlotte Perkins Gilman ya haifar ya haifar da motsi a cikin ƙwararrun likitocin da suka canza hanyar magance cututtukan cututtuka na asali.
Fuskar bangon waya mai rawaya Ya zama ɗan gajeren adabi wanda ya tsaya gwajin zamani da zamani, ya ci gaba da wanzuwa cikin shekaru da dama da suka shude tun bayan buga shi.
Aikin, a hanya mai sauƙi, ya ba mu cikakken kallo a kan tsarin aure da sarauta da suka yi rinjaye a lokacin da mata ba su da 'yancin yin zabe kuma suna jin dadin 'yancin ɗan adam.
A cikin sakin layi mun sami jimlolin da aka haɗe su cikin hankali, amma masu raɗaɗi a cikin ainihin su saboda gaskiyar abin baƙin ciki da suke kwatanta:
- "Yohanna yana bani dariya mana, amma wannan shine abin da kuke tsammanin idan kun yi aure."
- “Yohanna bai san wahalar da nake sha ba; kawai ya san cewa babu dalilin da zai sa shi wahala, kuma da haka ya gamsu”.
- “Ban san dalilin da yasa na rubuta wannan ba. Ba na so. Ba na jin iyawa. Kuma na san John zai ga wannan wauta. Amma ko ta yaya zan faɗi abin da nake ji da abin da nake tunani; Yana da irin wannan kwanciyar hankali!"
Fuskar bangon waya mai launin rawaya da Rayuwa mai ban tsoro na Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Ko da yake an san cewa Charlotte Perkins Gilman mace ce mai ci gaban tunani a lokacinta, haka nan kuma an san cewa salon rayuwarta da wasu shawarwarin da ta yanke sun haifar da tashin hankali da abin kunya a cikin al'ummar Amurka a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX kuma. farkon karni na XNUMX. XX.
atypical yarinta
Bayan mahaifinta ya yashe ta, Charlotte, mahaifiyarta, da ɗan’uwanta suna zama makiyaya daga birni zuwa birni, yayin da uwar takan tafi daga aiki zuwa aiki don tallafa wa yaran yayin da take fama da nata aljanu.
A lokuta da yawa suna zama na ɗan lokaci a gidajen ’yan’uwa saboda ba su da inda za su zauna, wanda ya sa Charlotte ta koma ɗabi’ar karatu tare da haɓaka fahimtarta.
rashin natsuwa samartaka
A lokacin kuruciyarta, Charlotte ta sha suka sosai don samun kusan abota na mata kuma ana ba da lamuni da samun ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar soyayya da Martha Luther.
A cikin tarihin rayuwarta, ta yi nuni ga dangantakarsu a cikin sharuddan da ke biyowa: “… mun kasance kusa da juna, muna ƙara farin ciki tare, cikin shekaru huɗu masu tsanani na ƙuruciya. Ita ce mafi kusanci kuma mafi soyuwa da ya taɓa samu. Soyayya ce, amma ba jima'i ba. Tare da Martha na san cikakkiyar farin ciki… Ba wai kawai mun yaba wa juna sosai ba, har ma mun sami nishaɗi mai daɗi tare. ”…
Saki
A 1894, Charlotte ta yanke shawarar saki mijinta na farko Charles Walter Stetson, wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ta yi aure a 1884 kuma tare da wanda ta haifi 'yarta tilo, Katherine a 1885.
Saki wani mataki ne da ba za a iya zato ba ga matan zamanin, amma Charlotte ta dage cewa rabuwa da mijinta na dindindin yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarta.
Charlotte ba ta taɓa jin sha'awar aure ba, uwa, iyali, ko gida, kuma yanke shawararta na yin aure ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a auren Martha a cikin 1881.
Iyalin dangi
A shekara ta 1894, Charlotte ta aika 'yarta Katherine ta zauna tare da mahaifinta da sabuwar matarsa (Grace Channing), wadda ita ma kawarta ce, ta sami lakabin "mahaifiyar da ba ta dace ba da kuma matar da aka sake ta," wanda ya sa ta rufe. "The Impress" (1894-1895).
A cikin abubuwan tunawa, Charlotte za ta yi sharhi cewa "Mahaifiyar Katherine ta biyu ta kasance mai kyau kamar ta farko, mafi kyau ta hanyoyi da yawa fiye da ɗaya", kuma ta kasance koyaushe kusa da ma'auratan da 'yarsu, suna kafa dangi mara kyau na lokacin. .
Ayyukan zamantakewar ku
A lokacin da aka kori abin da ake kira "suffragettes" daga al'ummar Amurka masu ladabi, Charlotte Perkins Gilman ta kasance mai aiki na dindindin ga 'yancin mata a duk rayuwarta.
Ta shiga yunƙurin shiga ƙungiyoyin masu ra'ayin mata da na kawo sauyi, irin su Ƙungiyar Mata ta Tekun Pacific, Ƙungiyar Mata, Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki, Ƙungiyar Ebell, Ƙungiyar Iyaye, da Majalisar Mata ta Jiha. Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da fuskar bangon waya rawaya, kada ka daina kallon bidiyo mai zuwa.