El Saurayi da Yarinya al'amuran yanayi ne na duniya da ke haifar da sauyin yanayi a yanayin ruwan tekun Pasifik, muna gayyatar ku don koyo game da halaye, tasirin da kowannensu ya yi da ƙarin bayani kan wannan batu mai ban sha'awa ta wannan labarin.
Menene lamarin yaron da yarinyar?
Sharuɗɗan El Niño da La Niña suna nufin canje-canje na lokaci-lokaci a yanayin yanayin tekun Pasifik wanda ke da tasiri akan yanayi a duniya, a cikin Tekun Pasifik kusa da equator, yanayin yanayin tekun galibi suna da zafi sosai a yammacin Pacific kuma suna sanyi a cikin gabashin Pacific.
Wannan yana taimakawa wajen haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya da arewacin Ostiraliya da kuma kiyaye sassan tekun Pacific na Kudancin Amurka da bushewa, wannan yanayin "na al'ada" na yanayin yanayin tekun Pacific yana rushe lokaci-lokaci. El Saurayi da Yarinya, abubuwa ne na yanayi na yanayi waɗanda ke faruwa kusan kowace shekara 3 zuwa 7.
Dukansu El Niño da La Niña suna da alaƙa da tasirin al'amari iri ɗaya, duka biyun motsi ne a yanayin zafi tsakanin yanayi da tekun gabashin equatorial Pacific, kusan tsakanin layin kwanan wata na duniya da digiri 120 zuwa yamma.
El Niño
El Niño, wanda yanayinsa ya taru tsakanin Yuni da Disamba, yana faruwa ne sakamakon sauyin yanayin iska, wanda a lokacin da akai-akai na iskan Pacific ba ya sake cikawa bayan. la rafi na yara Tare da ruwan sama daga Asiya, wannan iska mai zafi yana haifar da jujjuyawa tsakanin ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi, yana haifar da yanayin zafi fiye da na al'ada.
Kumburi na bakin teku yana faruwa a cikin shekaru na al'ada yana kawo abubuwan gina jiki ga tsarin kwayoyin halitta don ciyar da su, wanda wannan yalwar yana da amfani ga rayuwar ruwa a cikin jerin abinci, a cikin shekara ta El Niño, cewa kumburi ba ya faruwa, don haka kwayoyin ruwa suna raguwa kuma a cikin ya kuma rage yawan kifin, musamman saboda rashin haifuwa.
Ayyukan
Za a ga farkon tsarin El Niño a cikin hunturu kuma yawanci ya haɗa da:
- Canjin yanayin yanayi tare da sakamakon ruwan sama.
- Hanyoyin iska da yanayin yanayin teku na iya samun sakamako mai kyau a wasu lokuta kuma wani lokaci mara kyau.
- Yana rage lokuta na guguwa a cikin Tekun Atlantika.
- Suna da sanyin sanyi na sanyi sama da yammacin Kanada da arewa maso yammacin Amurka.
- Sama da matsakaicin ruwan sama akan Tekun Fasha.
- Yana gabatar da lokacin bushewar yanayi a cikin Pacific Northwest.
Hanyoyin
A lokacin aukuwar El Niño, yanayin yanayin tekun yana da kyau sama da na al'ada a duka tsakiyar yankin Pacific da na gabas na wurare masu zafi; a cikin waɗannan yankuna sun zama ƙasa da al'ada yayin lokutan La Niña. .
Waɗannan bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi suna da alaƙa da babban juzu'i a cikin yanayin da ake gani a duniya, da zarar an fara, waɗannan abubuwan da ba su da kyau za su iya ɗaukar tsawon shekara guda ko fiye.
Lamarin El Niño a ma'aunin ruwan teku yana da tasiri kan tsarin sauyin yanayi da ake sa ran a yankuna da dama na duniya. "Wadannan alamu guda biyu na al'amari iri ɗaya suna canza yanayin hazo da yanayi da aka saba yi a cikin latitudes masu zafi kuma suna iya yin tasiri mai girma akan yanayin a yawancin yankuna na duniya."
Suna da tasiri a kusan dukkanin al'amuran rayuwar ɗan adam: sabbin hanyoyin kamuwa da cuta, yawan amfanin gona ko ƙasa da ƙasa, Fari da ambaliya, canje-canje a matakin buƙatun makamashi, hargitsin samar da wutar lantarki, kamun kifi da ƙauran dabbobi, gobarar daji da kuma sakamakon tattalin arziki ga ƙasashe masu rauni.
Yarinyar
La Niña yana da inganci sabanin El Niño, tun da yake ana nuna wannan lamari ta hanyar tsawaita lokacin zafin teku a wannan yanki ta yadda tasirinsa ya koma baya.
A cikin shekarun da ba El Niño ba, matsa lamba na yanayi ya yi ƙasa da na al'ada akan yammacin yankin Pacific kuma mafi girma akan ruwan sanyi na yammacin Pacific, tare da La Niña, iskoki suna da ƙarfi musamman ɗaukar ƙarin ruwa. yanayin zafi mai sanyi fiye da matsakaici a gabas da zafi fiye da matsakaicin zafi a yamma.
Sakamakon shi ne cewa tafkin kwayoyin halitta yana karuwa a wuraren da zafin jiki ya yi sanyi, yana haifar da tasiri mai kyau ga rayuwar ruwa wanda ya dogara da kwayoyin halitta ko kuma ya dogara da abubuwan da suka dogara da shi.
Ana sa ran La Niña zai biyo bayan taron El Niño nan da nan, amma wannan ba koyaushe yake faruwa ba, duka biyun suna faruwa ne duk bayan shekaru uku zuwa biyar, amma sun kasance daga shekaru biyu zuwa bakwai, duka suna tsakanin watanni tara zuwa goma sha biyu.
Ayyukan
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da al'amarin La Niña sune:
- Iska mai ƙarfi tare da yankin equatorial, musamman a cikin tekun Pacific.
- Rage zafi a cikin Tekun Pasifik wanda ke kaiwa ga kogin iska mai ƙarfi.
- Zazzabi yayi sama da matsakaita a kudu maso gabas da kasa matsakaici a arewa maso yamma.
- Yanayi sun fi dacewa ga guguwa a cikin Caribbean da tsakiyar yankin Atlantic.
- Ƙara yawan lokuta na guguwa a cikin waɗannan jihohin Amurka waɗanda suka riga sun kasance masu rauni.
Hanyoyin
Gabaɗaya, yayin taron La Niña, hazo yana ƙaruwa zuwa yamma da equatorial Pacific, sama da Indonesiya da Philippines, kuma kusan ba ya yin gabas da wannan yankin equatorial.
La Zazzabi da Danshi yana sama da al'ada kuma ana lura da shi daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu a Arewacin Amurka ta Kudu da Kudancin Afirka da kuma daga Yuni zuwa Agusta a kudu maso gabashin Ostiraliya.
A daya hannun kuma, yanayin da ake gani a gabar tekun Ecuador, a arewa maso yammacin Peru da kuma yankin equatorial na gabashin Afirka gabaɗaya sun fi bushewa daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu da kuma kudancin Brazil da tsakiyar Argentina, daga Yuni zuwa Agusta.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa na La Niña kuma suna haifar da rashin jin daɗi a cikin manyan yankuna na duniya, tare da yankunan da abin ya shafa ke fuskantar yanayin sanyi da ba a saba gani ba.
Daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa da al'ada a kudu maso gabashin Afirka, Japan, kudancin Alaska, yamma da tsakiyar Kanada, da kuma kudu maso gabashin Brazil, daga Yuni zuwa Agusta, yana da sanyi fiye da yadda aka saba.
A gefen yammacin gabar tekun Kudancin Amurka, a yankin Gulf of Guinea, da arewacin Amurka ta Kudu da wasu sassan Amurka ta tsakiya, da kuma daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu, zafi ya fi yadda aka saba a jihohin Arewacin Amirka. Gulf of Mexico.
