Shekaru ɗari biyu da suka wuce, a ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1822, Antonio Canova ya mutu a Venice, sanannen mai fasaha, wanda Paparoma, sarakuna, sarakuna, suka yaba. lullube alheri da kyau a cikin farin marmara, ta hanyar ayyuka maras lokaci, gumaka masu daraja na sabon salo na zamani.
Wannan mutuwar, wadda ba zato ba tsammani ta hanyoyi da yawa, ta tayar da hankali mai zurfi da yaduwa amma kuma rashin hankali. jayayya a kan ragowar wanda aka ayyana, ba kuskure ba, a matsayin sabon Phidias.
Tattaunawa bayan mutuwar Antonio Canova
Wannan shi ne labarin abin da ya faru a sakamakon mutuwar Antonio Canova, wani labari tare da Gothic overtones, wanda ya ƙunshi rarrabuwa, jayayya game da sassan jikin da za a ajiye, da kuma jana'izar uku.
Ya mutu a Venice mai daraja
Venice, Lahadi, Oktoba 13, 1822. Bayan bakwai na safe ne, a gidan Antonio Francesconi, zuriyar Florestano Francesconi da aka fi sani, wanda a cikin 1720 ya buɗe. Caffe Florian A cikin birnin lagoon, iska ta yi tashin hankali, ta yanke hukunci, saboda yanayin lafiyar Antonio Canova wanda ya sa mutum ya firgita.
Tafiya ta ƙarshe ta Antonio zuwa Venice
Babban mawallafin ya tafi Venice don gaishe da abokinsa mai ƙauna Francesconi, don haka ya ɗauki ɗan gajeren hutu kafin ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Possagno na asali, inda ya yi fatan sake samun ƙarfin da kamar ya bar shi tun da daɗewa. A gaskiya ma, yana da wani aikin da zai kammala wannan barci nymph ya fara shekara guda a baya.
Amma jim kadan bayan isa Venice, lafiyar mai sassaƙa ta tabarbare cikin sauri. Ciwon ciki ya yi muni kuma bai bata lokaci ba. Ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 1822, da karfe 7.43:XNUMX na safe, Antonio Canova ya mutu.
Domin Leopoldo Cicognara, tsohon shugaban Venice Academy of Fine Arts, da kuma kasancewa abokin Canova, an alakanta musabbabin mutuwar, kamar yadda ya rubuta a cikin tarihin sculptor, ga rashin warware matsalolin ciki da biliary amma kuma ga nakasawa. na sternum, wanda ya faru ne bayan dogon amfani da rawar soja, rikon wanda akai akai akan kirji.
Yaƙi mara ma'ana akan ragowar Antonio Canova
Labarin mutuwar Canova ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin titunan Venetian, yana haifar da dimuwa, rashin imani, motsin rai, ji iri ɗaya da waɗanda aka samu a Paris, Vienna, Rome, Berlin, Saint Petersburg, London da sauran biranen Turai da yawa. Sunan babban sculptor, godiya ga ayyukansa marasa adadi, ya yi sauti a ko'ina. Daga cikin dukan ayyukan, mutummutumai, busts, bas-reliefs, cenotaphs ya fito fili ... Kuma hakan ya sa ya shahara a ko'ina.
Amma ba duka ba ne mai kyau da ban mamaki ... kusan nan da nan, wani rikici mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki ya barke a cikin da'irar da ke kusa da sculptor a jikinsa, ko kuma, wasu sassansa. Kamar dai muna magana ne game da zanen macabre tare da anatomical kuma a lokaci guda mai ban tsoro. Labarin da ake ganin kamar an ɗauko shi ne daga tatsuniyar zamani, kamar dai wani tsattsauran ra'ayi ne daga wanda za a iya samun kayan tarihi masu daraja da za a baje kolin har abada ga mugun son sanin wasu masoya.
Wane ne ya yi jayayya ga sassan jikinsa?
Rigimar guda ɗaya ta kasance sama da duka tsakanin ɗan ƙasarsa Possagno, wanda ya yi ikirarin gawarwakin ɗan uwansa da ya fi fice, da Venice, yana adawa da miƙa ɗan riƙonsa. wanda ya dauki matakin farko na yanke hukunci a cikin birnin Lagoon, inda ya haifar da ayyuka masu ban mamaki irin su Daedalus da Icarus, ko Orpheus da Eurydice wanda Canova ya fara sassaƙawa yana da shekaru goma sha shida, yana sha'awar labarin da Ovid ya ruwaito a cikin Metamorphoses.
A ƙarshe, an warware rigimar ta hanyar macabre mai tsauri. A lokacin autopsy, an cire zuciyar Antonio Canova kuma an ajiye shi a cikin kayan kwalliya, wanda aka ajiye na ɗan lokaci a Kwalejin Ilimin Fine Arts a Venice. Daga baya an mayar da urn ɗin zuwa cocin Venetian na Frari. An ajiye shi a cikin wani abin tarihi na pyramidal da aka gina don tunawa da mai sassaƙa da ɗalibansa, waɗanda a cikin zanensu, sun sami wahayi daga wurin tunawa da jana'izar da Canova da kansa ya yi don girmama Maria Cristina na Austria. An dogara ne akan aikin, wanda ba a kammala ba, don abin tunawa ga Titian.
Misira da kuma Antonio Canova
Cenotaph na Maria Christina a cikin cocin Augustinian a Vienna, wanda Stendhal yayi la'akari da mafi kyawun abin tunawa da jana'izar da ke wanzuwa, ya kasance, sama da duka saboda ainihin siffar pyramidal. wani bayyanannen girmamawa ta Canova ga sha'awar tsohuwar Masar cewa abin mamaki na gano Stele na Rosetta ya sake cinna masa wuta.
Amma bari mu koma ga Canova ta jiki da kuma art dissection wanda ya shafi ba kawai zuciyarsa. Yayin zaman gawarwakin gawarwakin, An kuma yanke hannun dama na Canova, alama ce ta zahiri ta hazaka na sculptor Treviso.
Jana'izar 3 na Antonio Canova
Amma labarin bayan mutuwar Canova ba wai kawai ta hanyar rarrabuwa ba amma har ma ta hanyar aiwatar da jana'izar guda uku, nuni na dijital na madawwamin shaharar ɗan wasan Venetian.
Na farko da aka gudanar a Venice, kwana uku bayan mutuwa. Don karbar bakuncin jana'izar Antonio Canova shine babban Basilica na San Marco. An gudanar da jana'izar ne a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba ta hannun dan kasar Hungary Giovanni Ladislao Pyrker, mai suna Patriarch na Venice shekaru biyu da suka gabata ta hanyar Paparoma Pius VII.
Oktoba 25, 1822 jana'izar ta biyu, wannan karon a Possagno na mahaifarsa, bisa ga buri da Canova da kansa ya bayyana a lokuta da dama. Ya kasance mafi kusancin aiki inda har dukan birnin Treviso ya shiga.
A karshe shi ne Juyin Roma. A cikin Madawwami City, inda gwanin Canova ya tabbatar da kansa, inda aka yi jana'izar na karshe na uku. Ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1823, a cikin maƙiyan Basilica na Santi Apostoli, an yi jana'izar don girmama Canova. Daga cikin daruruwan mutanen da suka zo cocin har da Giacomo Leopardi, wanda ya kasance babban mai sha'awar mai sassaka na dogon lokaci.
Abbot Melchiorre Missirini ne ya gabatar da jawabin jana'izar. Aboki ne kuma amintaccen mutumin Canova, amma, bisa ga tarihin, kalmomin da firist ya furta ba su isa a rubuta su ba. A gaskiya ma, mutane da yawa sun yi la'akari da cewa bai isa ba don dawwama shaharar Canova.
Ayyuka biyu na Antonio Canova, Cupid mai fuka-fuki da nau'in Eros na Centocelle
Winged Cupid da Eros nau'in Centocelle, Antonio Canova
Daga cikin masu zagin waccan jumla har da Leopard wanda, a daidai daren da aka yi jana’izar, a lokacin wani liyafar cin abinci a gidan Cardinal Angelo Mai na Romawa (wanda mawaƙin ya keɓe wa mashahuran ayoyi a baya) ya soki cewa shiga tsakani ya kasance a hankali.
Abin takaici ne a lokacin da Leopardi ya yi wannan sharhi, bai gane cewa Missirini ma yana cikin masu cin abinci ba, cewa ba zai raba wannan ra'ayi na "waka" ba.
Game da rabon sassa uku na jikin Antonio Canova, babban masanin tarihin fasaha Roberto Longhi, wanda ba babban mawallafin sculptor na Venetian ba ne, ya rubuta cikin mamaki. "ƙarni biyar na zanen Venetian":
"Canova wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne wanda aka haifa, wanda zuciyarsa ke cikin Frari, wanda hannunsa yake a cikin Academy, kuma sauran ban san inda ba"*
Lokacin da Roberto Longhi ya rubuta waɗannan kalmomi, Hannun Canova har yanzu yana riƙe a Venice. Kuma a sa'an nan an canja shi zuwa ga jana'izar abin tunawa na Possagno, da kuma ajiye a cikin gilashin akwatin inda aka sanya kusa da sculptor ta Chapel.