A cikin pantheon na Romawa, wani abin bautawa yana nan wanda aka danganta shi da farko ga ƙauna, haihuwa da kyau, da kuma gonaki da lambuna; Bugu da ƙari, an dauke ta a matsayin magabata na Romawa ta hanyar danta Aeneas, ita ce Godiya ta Venus kuma da wannan labarin muna gayyatar ku don sanin shi.
allahiya venus
Allolin Romawa Venus yana keɓanta duk abin da ke da alaƙa da ƙauna, kulawa da kulawar uwa, tsarar zuriya ta hanyar jima'i da sha'awar. Wannan baiwar Allah ita ce mafi kyawun duk wani iko na tatsuniyar Romawa, wanda ƴan adam da alloli suka so ta.
Kamar allahn Girkanci Apollo, allahn Venus yana da alaƙa da samun cikakkiyar jima'i kuma ba shakka wannan ya ba ta damar samun masoya maza da mata iri ɗaya, da kasancewa mai kare masoya da karuwai, da kuma kasancewa mai mahimmanci. a cikin addinin Rum. Allolin Venus wani karbuwa ne na allahn Girka Aphrodite wanda ta yi tarayya da al'adar tatsuniya.
Romawa sun karɓi wannan allahiya a ƙarni na uku BC. C. Kusan kusan ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe na Punic (tsakanin ƙarni na XNUMX zuwa na XNUMX K.Z.), a lokacin Romawa sun yanke shawarar tuntuɓar baƙar magana wanda a lokacin ya ba da shawarar cewa su nemi allahn Venus don taimako don tabbatar da nasara a kan su. Carthaginians (wannan allahiya an dauke shi mai kare birnin Carthage). Bautarsa ga Romawa ta kai kololuwa bayan ya kawo musu nasara, kuma ta kasance a haka har zuwa hawan Kiristanci a karni na XNUMX AD.
Bugu da ƙari, an yi bikin allahn Venus a matsayin mahaifiyar Aeneas kakan Romulus wanda shine farkon Roma. Daga baya, Julius Kaisar a bainar jama'a ya danganta gadon danginsa da zuriyar mahaifiyar allahntaka, wanda ya sa Venus ta zama magabata na daular daular Roma ta farko.
Goddess Venus a cikin mythology
Asalin allahiya Venus ya faru ne a wani yanayi da ba a saba gani ba. Mahaifinsa, allahn Uranus, shine ainihin mai mulkin sararin samaniya kuma wanda ya halicci duniya da ƙasa. Don haka lokacin da Saturn ɗan Uranus ya hambarar da mahaifinsa (wanda daga baya ɗan Saturn ya sake maimaita shi), mai cin riba ya yanke al’aurar mahaifinsa kuma ya jefa su cikin teku. Da zarar an kai wurin, yanke azzakari da ƙwaya sun gauraye da kumfa na teku suna ba da rai ga allahiya Venus. A cikin zane-zane, wannan yanayin sau da yawa ya ɗauki siffar allahn Venus wanda ke fitowa daga clam ko wani mollusk.
Etymology na Venus
Kalmar "Venus" ta fito ne kai tsaye daga asalin sunan Latin na gargajiya, wanda ke bayyana "ƙauna." An yi amfani da wannan suna akai-akai don nuna soyayya ko sha'awa musamman jima'i, kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da kalmar fi'ili venerari mai ma'anar "so ko revere", kuma tushen kalmar Ingilishi "venerate".
Wasu masu bincike sun yi la'akari da cewa "Venus" ya damu da kalmar Latin venenum, sunan da ke nuna "guba", "potion", "layya" ko watakila ma "aphrodisiac" yana lura da ikonsa na maye gurbin soyayya.
Halaye da ikon allahiya Venus
A matsayin allahn da ya ƙunshi soyayya, sha'awa da jima'i, Venus yana da ikon yin ƴan Adam da alloli cikin hauka cikin soyayya. Don haka babban halayensu da kayan aikin ikon su shine kawai fara'a da sha'awar batsa inda mutane da yawa suka mutu saboda su, bisa ga labarin tatsuniya.
Ya kasance al'ada don samun siffar allahiya Venus a cikin gidaje. Daga cikin bayyanuwa daban-daban na wannan baiwar Allah, siffarta tana tare da kwatance kamar furen fure a matsayin alamar haihuwa, sha'awar jima'i da al'aurar mace. Har ila yau, ta kasance tana sa kambi na myrtle (wani daji mai dorewa, koren ganye mai zurfi tare da fararen furanni), wannan rawanin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwanta.
Seashells wani nau'i ne na yau da kullum da ke da alaƙa da wannan allahiya, kamar yadda waɗannan bawo suka yi aiki a matsayin ma'anar haihuwar Venus daga teku da kuma wani nau'i mai yawa na Venus. Ita ma wannan baiwar Allah tana iya jawo wadata da wadata ga masu bautar ta. Bugu da ƙari, saboda dangantakarta da ƙasa da lambuna, za ta iya sa rayuwa ta tsiro daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa tare da takawarta kawai a kan sa, yana haifar da tsire-tsire da furanni a kan hanyarta.
Masoya da 'ya'yan Venus
Goddess Venus yana da manyan masoya guda biyu waɗanda su ma alloli: mijinta Vulcan da Mars (bi da bi Hephaestus da Ares a cikin tarihin Girkanci). Akwai tatsuniya game da labarin soyayyar Venus tare da Mars, inda suke tsakiyar jima'i a kan gado Vulcan ya kama su da tarkon dabara.
Sakamakon rashin gamsuwar Venus da rashin imaninta, ita da Vulcan ba su da aure mai cike da soyayya kuma saboda haka ba a sami zuriyarsu a matsayin ma'aurata ba. Duk da haka, wannan baiwar Allah ba ta haihu ba, kuma ta hanyar sha'awarta ta sami 'ya'ya da yawa da alloli daban-daban. Tare da Mars misali, ya ba da rai ga:
- Timor (Phobos) wakilcin tsoro wanda ya halarci gasa tare da mahaifinsa, da tagwayensa Metus (Deimos) hoton ta'addanci.
- Concordia (Harmony) allahn shawarwari, matsawa da jituwa.
- Cupids (Erotes) waɗanda suka kasance saitin alloli masu fukafukai waɗanda ke nuna alamun bayyanar soyayya.
Mawaƙin Romawa Ovid ya ba da labarin cewa Aphrodite (Venus) ta haifi Hermaphrodites daga Hamisa (Mercury), wanda shine ma'anar tasiri da androgyny; da kuma Fortuna (Tyche), wanda ita ce allahn sa'a da kaddara a cikin addinin Romawa. Bacchus ya danganta Venus a matsayin mahaifiyar ƙaramin allahntaka Priapus (allahn haihuwa sau da yawa yana da babban phallus mara kyau).
A cewar Pausanias an yi tunanin Alherin zuriyar Venus da Bacchus ne, amma galibi ana danganta haihuwarsu ga Jupiter da Eurynome. Duk da haka, Graces sun kasance wani ɓangare na tawagar Venus tare da Cupids da Suadela allahn lallashi a cikin yanayin soyayya, soyayya da lalata.
Har ila yau Venus tana da masoya masu rai iri-iri, biyun da suka fi shahara su ne Anchises da Adonis amma kuma ita ce uwargidan sarkin Sicilian Butes wanda ta haifi ɗa mai suna Erice. Ya kuma yi tarayya da Fayeton wanda ya haifi Sandocus, wanda aka sani shi ne mahaifin Cinyras na Kubrus.
Ovid's Metamorphoses (Littafin X) ya ba da labarin yadda Venus ta ƙaunaci mutum mai mutuwa Adonis (ko dai saboda kyawunsa ko kuma saboda kibiya ta Cupid), inda ta roƙi Proserpina (Persephone) ta kula da shi har sai ta zo masa. Allolin nan guda biyu masu mutuwa ne suka kama su, don haka suka yi yaƙi har Jupiter ya yanke shawarar cewa Adonis zai yi kashi uku na shekara tare da kowane ɗayansu kuma na uku a inda yake so; A ƙarshe, ya yi zamansa tare da Venus har sai da bora ya kashe shi.
Bisa ga waƙar Homeric zuwa Aphrodite, Anchises, yarima na Dardania kuma abokin tarayya na Troy, Venus ya yaudare shi. Ta canza kanta a matsayin gimbiya Phrygian kuma ta burge shi, inda bayan wata tara ta bayyana matsayinta na sama ta gabatar da Anchises tare da danta Aeneas. Venus ya gargadi Anchises da kada ya yi fahariya game da kasadarsa don kada Jupiter ya buge shi; Abin takaici, Anchises ya yi farin ciki kuma walƙiya ta Jupiter ta gurɓace.
Trojan Aeneas, bisa ga Virgil's Aeneid, an ƙaddara shi don ƙirƙirar Roma wanda kakansa na allahntaka, allahiya Venus ya jagoranta. Ɗan Aeneas, Ascanio shine sarkin Alba Longa wanda Virgil ya gane shi a matsayin kakan magabata na Roma: Romulus da Remus tare da Gens (iyali) Julia; Gen Julia shine dangin da suka haɗa da Julius Kaisar, Augustus (Octavian) Kaisar, da zuriyarsu.
Venus da tauraruwar maraice
A cikin al'adar tatsuniya na Virgil's Aeneid, an zaɓi Venus a matsayin farka na Anchises, memba na dangin Trojan. Bisa ga wannan al'ada, Venus ta canza kanta a matsayin kyakkyawar budurwa kuma ta yaudari Anchises, ta bayyana ainihin ainihinta bayan ta sami ciki. Ba da daɗewa ba ta haifi Aeneas, wanda ya zama babban jarumin Trojan. Bayan faɗuwar Troy, Aeneas ya yunƙura zuwa cikin Bahar Rum don cika annabci cewa wata rana zai sami babban daular Italiya.
A cikin Aeneid, allahiya Venus ta yi aiki a matsayin babban mai motsa abubuwan da suka faru, da kuma ɗanta mai karewa a yaƙi. Venus ta zo don taimakon Aeneas bayan gano cewa Juno ya aika da guguwa mai yawa don hana rundunarta isa Italiya. Venus ta kuma yi kira ga Jupiter, wadda ta yi roko don kashe guguwar kafin ta jagoranci danta cikin aminci zuwa Carthage. An kama shi a matsayin tsohuwar mace, ta jagoranci Aeneas da mabiyansa zuwa ga Sarauniya Dido mai ƙauna, don haka a wannan lokacin ga Sarauniya Venus ta kare ƙungiyar ɗanta daga idanun abokan gaba:
"Ta boye su, baiwar Allah ta zama katon bargon gizagizai ta yadda babu wanda zai iya gani ko taba su, don kada wani ya sani ko ya nemi dalilin zuwansu."
Daga baya lokacin da Aeneas ya tashi daga Carthage zuwa Italiya, allahiya Venus ta roƙi Neptune ya ƙyale ta ta haye Tekun Bahar Rum lafiya; Neptune ya amince da dalilin cewa za a yi hadaya da Kyaftin Palinuro mara tausayi.
Lokacin da Aeneas ya isa Roma, Venus ya ba shi makamai da makamai da Vulcan ya halitta. Za a yi amfani da waɗannan makaman ne a yaƙi na gaba da na Latin. A kan garkuwar Aeneas, Vulcan ya wakilci nasarorin da Romawa za su samu a nan gaba, irin su nasarar Augustus akan abokan gaba a yakin Actium a 31 BC. C. (A matsayin ɗan adam na zamani kuma wanda ya tsira daga yakin basasa na jini wanda ya ƙare a Actium, Virgil yana da kowane dalili na gamsar da Augustus kuma ya gabatar da nasararsa a matsayin wani muhimmin lokaci a tarihin Romawa.)
A ƙarshe, a cikin lokutan Aeneid, allahiya Venus ta shiga tsakani a matsayin uwa kuma ta warkar da danta Aeneas bayan da kibiya ta buge shi.
Cult da temples na allahiya Venus
Haikali na farko da aka sani na Venus an keɓe shi ga Venus Obsequens (Mai biyayya Venus) akan tudun Aventine a Roma, kusan 295 BC. Duk da haka, al'adar ta ta kasance a cikin birnin Lavinium, kuma haikalinta a can ya zama gida don bikin da aka sani da Vinalia Rustica (wannan haikalin ya yadu da al'amuran Girkanci (al'adun Aphrodite) kuma ba sabon halitta ba ne ).
A cikin 217 BC C., Maganar Sibylline sun ba da shawarar cewa idan Roma (a wannan lokacin da aka rasa yakin basasa na biyu) zai iya rinjayar Venus Eyrcina (Venus na Eryx) don canza amincinta daga abokan haɗin gwiwar Carthaginian Sillegos zuwa Romawa, za a ci nasara a yakin. Roma ta kewaye Eryx (kagaran Carthaginian), tana ba wa allahn wani babban haikali kuma yana ɗauke da siffar allahn daga wannan wuri zuwa Roma.
Wannan sassaken na waje ne daga baya ya zama Venus Genetrix ta Roma (Venus the Mother). Ƙungiyoyin da aka kafa a kusa da Venus Genetrix a kan Dutsen Capitoline an hana su ga Romawa na dangin iko, amma a cikin 181 a. C. da 114 a. C. Haikali da al'adar Venus Eycina da Venus Verticordia (Venus mai canza zukata) an kafa su don jama'a.
Watan Venus shi ne Afrilu ( farkon bazara da haihuwa) kuma a wannan lokacin ne ake gudanar da yawancin bukukuwanta. Don haka a kowace farkon watan Afrilu an gudanar da biki don girmama Venus Verticordia mai suna Veneralia, a ranar 23 ga Vinalia Urbana aka yi bikin, wanda shi ne bikin giya na Venus (allahn ruwan inabi mai lalata) da Jupiter.
Yayin da aka gudanar da Vinalia Rustica a ranar 10 ga Agusta, ita ce bikin mafi tsufa na Venus kuma an danganta shi da nau'in Venus Obsequens. A ƙarshe, kowace ranar 26 ga Satumba ita ce ranar bikin Venus Genetrix, uwa da mai kare Roma.
Epithets na allahiya Venus
An bambanta allahn Venus da jerin nau'o'i, kowannensu yana nuna nau'i daban-daban na allahntaka, ciki har da:
- Venus Caelestis ko "Venus na sama".
- Venus Erycina, ko "Venus na Eryx", mai alaƙa da wakilcinta na birnin Carthage.
- Venus Felix ko kuma "Venus mai sa'a", saboda rawar da ta taka wajen juya yanayin yaƙi, kamar yadda ta yi a lokacin Yaƙin azaba na Biyu.
- Venus Genetrix, ko "Venus the mahalicci", lakabin da ba kowa ya ɗaga ba sai Julius Kaisar bisa rawar da allahntaka ta taka wajen kafa ƙasar Roma.
- Venus Murcia ko "Venus na Arrayyanes", don kasancewa mai kare ƙauna na Roma.
- Venus Obsequens ko "Venus mai ƙauna".
- Venus Victrix ko "Venus wanda ya kawo Nasara".
Venus a cikin fasaha da wallafe-wallafe
A lokacin farkon zamanin Paleolithic, mutane sun sassaƙa ƙananan sifofi na mata waɗanda daga baya masu binciken kayan tarihi suka sanyawa Venus Figures. Yawancin lokaci suna lanƙwasa da zagaye tare da ɗan kauri a tsakiya, kuma sau da yawa ba su da fuskoki, kawai wakilcin jikin mace.
Wataƙila abin da aka fi sani da shi shine ɗan ƙaramin mutum-mutumi da asalinsa ake kira Venus na Willendorf, wanda yanzu ake kira Willendorf Woman ko Willendorf Woman. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana sun daina sanya wa waɗannan guntu suna Venus, saboda ba su da alaƙa da gunkin Venus; a gaskiya, sun riga sun wuce shekaru dubbai da yawa.
A cikin zane-zane na zamani, Venus kusan ana nuna shi a matsayin matashi kuma kyakkyawa. A cikin lokacin al'ada, masu fasaha daban-daban sun samar da mutum-mutumi masu yawa na Venus, irin su shahararren Aphrodite na Milos mutum-mutumi (wanda aka fi sani da Venus de Milo), wanda ke nuna allahiya a matsayin mace mai kyan gani mai ban sha'awa tare da tsinkayar mata da murmushi. An yi imanin Alexandros na Antakiya ne ya yi wannan mutum-mutumi, kusan 100 BC
A lokacin zamanin Renaissance na Turai da kuma bayan, ya zama gaye ga manyan mata masu daraja su zama Venus don zane-zane ko sassakaki. Ɗayan da aka fi sani da ita ita ce ƙanwar Pauline Bonaparte Borghese Napoleon, inda Antonio Canova ya sassaƙa ta a matsayin Venus Victrix, tana kishingiɗe a cikin wani salon, kuma ko da yake Canova ta so ya sassaka ta a cikin rigar, Pauline a fili ta dage cewa an nuna ta tsirara.
A cikin wallafe-wallafe, marubucin Chaucer ya rubuta akai-akai game da Venus ban da kasancewarta mai ban mamaki a cikin waƙoƙinsa da dama, da kuma a cikin The Knight's Tale wanda Palamon ya kwatanta masoyi Emily zuwa ga allahiya. A gaskiya ma, Chaucer yana amfani da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Mars da Venus don wakiltar Palamon a matsayin jarumi da Emily a matsayin kyakkyawar budurwa a cikin lambun furen.
venus da siyasa
A ƙarshen jamhuriyar Roma, wasu mashahuran Romawa sun yi iƙirarin amincewar Venus kuma suka fafata a gare ta, kamar:
- Sulla (karɓar Felix mai cancantar Latin don sa'a da ɗaukaka Venus Felix a cikin yardar Allah).
- Pompey (an bayar a cikin 55 BC, haikalin Venus Victrix - Venus na Nasara).
- Julius Kaisar (ya kai karar Venus Victrix da Venus Genetrix).
- Hadrian (a cikin 139 AZ, ya gina haikali zuwa Venus da Roma Aeterna, Romawa na har abada, wanda ya sa Venus ta zama uwar mai kula da mulkin Roman).
Sauran alloli na soyayya
Ko da yake Venus ba a bauta wa ko'ina ba, ta nace a cikin wayewar Yammacin Turai a matsayin wata muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin tarihin tarihin mata masu ban sha'awa a cikin tsohuwar almara, ciki har da gumakan Norse Frigg da Freyja, Mesopotamian Ishtar, Astarte Siriya-Palestine da Aphrodite Greek takwararta ta Venus.
A matsayin wakilcin kyau, Venus ta yi wahayi zuwa ga wasu shahararrun hotuna a cikin tarihi, da kuma ɗimbin hotuna na zamani, kuma don haka ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hotuna na allahiya a yammacin duniya.
Venus a cikin al'adar yau
Venus ya kasance mai dacewa a cikin al'adun pop na zamani a matsayin alamar soyayya da batsa. Godiya ga ƙungiyoyin da ke da kyau da jima'i, Venus ta sami manyan samfuran kayan kwalliya da yawa, gami da kamfanoni:
- Gillette ta ƙirƙira layin kayan aski ga mata mai suna bayan allahntaka.
- Venus Skin Care, wanda kuma ya yi amfani da sunan allahiya a matsayin dabarun talla.
An kuma yi amfani da sunan Venus a cikin sunayen fina-finai da yawa, kamar yadda lamarin ya faru da fina-finan da aka ambata a ƙasa:
- Venus (1984), wani fim na Faransa wanda ya mayar da hankali kan abubuwan da suka faru na wasu 'yan kasuwa na Amurka guda biyu yayin da suke tafiya don neman samfurin layi na kayan shafawa (mai suna, "Venus").
- Wasu fina-finai guda uku sun yi amfani da lakabin Venus, ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan fina-finai na baya-bayan nan da suka mayar da hankali kan rayuwar mace mai canza jinsi da ta zo da tsabta game da ainihin jima'i.
Venus kuma ta fito a cikin waƙoƙin samar da kida da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai fitowar masu zuwa:
- "Venus de Milo" ta Miles Davis a 1957.
- Shocking Blue's "Venus" a cikin 1969 wanda ya yi nasara.
- Lady Gaga's "Venus" a cikin 2013 wanda kalmominsa suna kira ga allahn kai tsaye da ikonta na haifar da jima'i mara kyau: "Ba zan iya taimakawa abin da nake ji / allahn ƙauna ba, don Allah ku kai ni wurin shugaban ku / Ba zan iya taimaka masa ba. Ci gaba da rawa / Allahn ƙauna! baiwar Allah soyayya."
A ƙarshe, Venus kuma ta ba da sunanta ga duniya ta biyu daga rana; Kamar yadda ya dace da sunan sa, Venus ita ce duniya mafi haske a cikin tsarin hasken rana.
Idan kun sami wannan labarin game da Goddess Venus na tatsuniyoyi na Romawa mai ban sha'awa, muna gayyatar ku don jin daɗin waɗannan wasu: