Ina gayyatar ku don sanin duk cikakkun bayanai na Godiya ga Hathor wanda aka fi sani da 'yar Allahn Rana.Daya daga cikin manyan alloli na addinin Masar a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya da Sabon Mulki. Ita ce kuma uwa, matar, uwargida, 'yar'uwa da idon Ra da Allah Horus. Ita kuma ana kiranta da baiwar Allah na farin ciki, uwa da kare yara, ku ci gaba da karantawa ku kara koyo game da baiwar Allah!!
Godiya ga Hathor
Goddess Hathor yana daya daga cikin manyan alloli da masu magana da addinin tsohuwar Masar. Wanda ya tsunduma cikin yin ayyuka daban-daban da na yau da kullun ga mutanen Masar. Goddess Hathor allahn sama ne. Cewa an san ta da Uwar kuma a matsayin mataimakiyar Allah Horus kuma a cikin hanyar da Solar God Ra.
Wannan abin bautawa koyaushe yana da alaƙa da sarautar Masar ta dā. Domin abin da aka sani da baiwar Allah Hathor a matsayin mahaifiyar fir'aunan Masarawa, tun da ita ce ta wakilci su a sararin duniya. Bugu da ƙari, Goddess Hathor yana da muhimmiyar rawa lokacin da ta ɗauki nauyin zama Idon Ra a matsayin mace.
Mai ɗauke da siffar Idon Ra. Ta mallaki hanyar daukar fansa, ta haka ta kare kanta daga abokan gabanta. Amma kuma yana da bangaren sadaka wanda aka wakilta cikin farin ciki, soyayya, raye-raye, kiɗa, jima'i da kulawar uwa. Amma baiwar Allah Hathor za ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gumaka maza da yawa na Masar da kuma uwar 'ya'yansu.
Waɗannan abubuwan da baiwar Allahn Masar Hathor ta nuna sun zama babban misali na tunanin Masarawa na mace. An ce baiwar Allah Hathor ta iya ketare iyakoki don taimakon rayukan da suka mutu da suka yi hasarar sauye-sauye daga rayuwa zuwa mutuwa.
Goddess Hathor kuma an wakilta shi a cikin tarihin Masar tare da siffar saniya, tun da wannan dabba yana da alaƙa da uwa da kuma sararin samaniya. Amma nau'in da ya fi dacewa da shi shine na mace mai ƙahon saniya guda biyu kuma a tsakiya tana ɗaukar faifan solar. Daidai da allahiya Hathor kuma an wakilta shi da siffar zaki, sycamore ko ureo.
A halin yanzu akwai wakilcin baiwar Allah Hathor a cikin siffofi na namun daji da suka yi kama da fasahar Masarawa da aka yi a karni na huɗu kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.Amma binciken da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa wata baiwar Allah Hathor mai yiwuwa ta bayyana a tsohuwar Masarautar Masarawa tsakaninta da Masar. shekaru 2686 AD da 2181 BC. c.
Ana iya yin hakan tare da taimakon sarakunan Masar da Fir'auna na lokacin waɗanda suka jagoranci Tsohuwar Mulki ta wannan hanyar baiwar Allah Hathor ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan alloli a Masar. Da yake ɗaya daga cikin Allolin da aka sadaukar da ƙarin haikali a gare ta, wanda ya fi fice shi ne na Dendera da ke cikin Upper Egypt.
Hakazalika, ana bauta wa baiwar Allah Hathor a cikin Haikali na gumaka maza waɗanda suke mata. Masarawa sun yi matukar girmama shi wanda ya danganta shi da ƙasashen waje kamar Kan'ana da Nubia tun da waɗannan ƙasashe sun mallaki kayayyaki masu daraja kamar ƙananan duwatsu masu daraja da turare. Hakazalika, mutane da yawa na waɗannan ƙasashe sun bauta masa.
Amma a Masar, baiwar Allah Hathor tana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan bautar da ake kira a cikin addu'o'in mutanen Masar na sirri kuma ana yi mata hadayun zaɓe daban-daban. Waɗanda suka fi ba shi sadaka su ne mata don suna son yin ciki da haihuwa.
A cikin Sabuwar Masarautar, tsakanin 1550 BC zuwa 1072 AD, Goddess na Masar Isis da Mut sun mamaye matsayin da baiwar Allah Hathor duka a cikin sarauta da kuma akidar da ta mamaye a Masarautar Masar. Amma har yanzu ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda Masarawa suka fi sha'awa kuma suna son Allolin.
Bayan da Sabuwar Masarautar Masar ta ƙare, Goddess Hathor ya ci gaba da rufe shi da Goddesses Isis wanda ya dauki matsayi mai yawa. Amma yana da masu aminci da yawa kuma an biya masa babbar ibada har aka kashe tsohon addini a ƙarni na farko na wannan zamanin da muke ciki.
Asalin allahiya Hathor
Asalin baiwar Allah Hathor yana da alaƙa sosai da hotunan shanu, tun da yake suna bayyana sau da yawa a cikin ayyukan fasaha da aka zana a Masar ta dā tun daga shekara ta 3100 BC. Haka kuma sun ba da haske game da adadi na mata tare da su. hannayensu sama da siffar lankwasa wanda ke yin wakilcin ƙahonin shanu.
Duk hotunan da aka yi a cikin fasahar Masar waɗanda aka yi a cikin wakilcin shanu da mata tare da ɗaga hannuwansu suna da dangantaka da allahiya Hathor. Tun da shanu a cikin al'adun Masar an girmama su sosai saboda suna wakiltar alamun abinci da uwa. Tunda shanu suna kula da ’ya’yansu da samar musu da nonon da ake bukata domin a yi kiwonsu a karfafa su. Haka nan kuma ’yan Adam suna ciyar da madarar da wannan dabbar ta samar.
Akwai wani yanki na fasahar Masar da ake kira The Gerzeh Palette, wanda ake ganin dutse ne da ke cikin zamanin Nagada II tsakanin 3500 BC zuwa 3200 AD. Wannan aikin fasaha na Masar ya ƙunshi siffar kan saniya mai ƙahoni masu lanƙwasa ciki kewaye da taurari daban-daban.
Yadda aka yi palette Gerzeh ya nuna cewa saniya tana kusa da sama sosai. Hakazalika a cikin al'adun Masar sun wakilci alloli da yawa a baya sun haɗa kai zuwa sama da siffar saniya, daga cikinsu akwai allahn Hathor, Meheret da Nut.
Duk da haka ta duk waɗannan abubuwan da suka gabata ba a ambaci Allah Hathor a ko'ina ba, amma lokacin da daular Masar ta huɗu ta zo tsakanin shekaru 2613 BC da 2494 AD. a cikin Masarautar Masar ta dā. Amma akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Allahntaka Hathor waɗanda ke cikin zamanin Archaic Period waɗanda ke tsakanin shekaru 3100 BC zuwa shekara ta 2686 AD.
Amma lokacin da baiwar Allah Hathor ke da siffarta, ƙahonin da take sawa a kanta suna karkata waje, maimakon a ciki kamar waɗanda aka samo a cikin fasahar Masar. Shi ya sa ake samun wani abin bautawa na Masar mai lanƙwasa ƙahoni a cikin Palette Narmer. Kuma wannan palette ya samo asali ne tun farkon al'adun Masar. Kamar yadda saman palette yake kamar bel na King Narmer.
Amma bisa ga binciken da aka gudanar a kan Narmer Palette, masanin ilmin Masar Henry George Fischer ya zo ya tabbatar da bincikensa cewa allahn da ya bayyana a cikin Narmer Palette ita ce allahiya Bat. Ɗaya daga cikin alloli na Masar wanda a tsawon lokaci ana wakilta da fuskar mace amma yana da eriya mai lankwasa a ciki kuma yana nunawa a ciki kamar ƙahonin saniya.
Amma wasu binciken da Masanin ilimin Masari Lana Troy ya yi ya zo ƙarshe cewa a cikin nassosin nassosin dala na Masarautar Masar ta dā, baiwar Allah Hathor tana da alaƙa da rigar sarki da ke yin haɗin gwiwa tare da bel na sarki. Sarki Narmer kuma wannan yana nuna cewa ita ce baiwar Allah Hathor kuma ba allahn Masarawa Bat.
A cikin daular Masar ta huɗu, baiwar Allah Hathor ta zama shahararriyar kuma fitacciyar abin bauta ta haka ta maye gurbin wani tsohon dan kada na Masar wanda ake bautawa a Dendera. Wannan yana cikin Upper Egypt. Ta haka ne baiwar Allah Hathor ta zama majiɓincin wannan birni.
Yayin da yake yankin Hu, ana biyan wata babbar ibada ga gunkin Bat. Amma daga shekara ta 2055 BC da 1650 AD waɗannan alloli sun haɗu suna ba da suna guda ɗaya da aka fi sani da Goddess Hathor. Akan tauhidin da ke kewaye da fir'aunan Masarawa na tsohuwar daular, ya dogara ne akan Allah Ra, kasancewar wannan sarkin dukan gumakan Masar kuma majiɓincin fir'auna ko sarkin duniya. Yayin da baiwar Allah Hathor ta hau sama tare da Allah, ta zama matarsa kuma saboda haka ita ce uwar dukkan Fir'auna.
Ayyukan da baiwar Allah ke da su a cikin Al'adun Masar
A cikin al'adun Masar, baiwar Allah Hathor tana da nau'i daban-daban kuma ta yi ayyuka da yawa ga mutanen Masar. A binciken da masanin ilmin Masar Robyn A. Gillam ya yi, inda ya zo ya tabbatar da cewa wannan nau'i na nau'i iri-iri da baiwar Allah Hathor ta yi ya faru ne saboda kotun daular Tsohuwar ta yanke shawarar maye gurbin gumaka da dama da mutanen Masar suke bautawa. Tsammanin cewa an ba da wannan ta bayyanar da baiwar Allah Hathor ga sarautar Tsohon Mulki.
A cikin tsoffin litattafai na Masar, akwai bayanai game da bayyanar da Allahntaka Hathor, inda aka ruwaito cewa sun wanzu. "Bakwai Hathors" amma akwai wasu nassosi inda akwai bayanai game da ƙarin alloli har zuwa adadin 362. Don haka masanin Masar Robyn A. Gillam ya zo. tabbatar da "cewa baiwar Allah Hathor wani nau'i ne na allahntaka kuma ba ta mallaki ko ɗaya ba." Shi ya sa wannan iri-iri ya bayyana a cikin halaye iri-iri da mutanen Masar suke dangantawa da baiwar Allah Hathor, wadanda su ne kamar haka:
Ubangijin Sama: Zuwa ga Goddess Hathor, an sanya masu cancanta da yawa daga Uwargidan sama zuwa ga Allah na sama. Tun da mutanen Masar sun ce ta zauna a sararin sama tare da Allahn Masar Ra da sauran gumakan hasken rana. A lokacin, bisa ga bincike, mutanen Masar sun yi imani cewa sararin sama kamar jikin ruwa ne kuma Rana Allah ya kewaya ta.
Shi ya sa a cikin tatsuniyoyinsu aka ba da labarin halittar duniya cewa rana ta fito a farkon zamani. Yayin da aka wakilta baiwar Allah Hathor a matsayin saniya kasancewar mahaifiyar Masarawa. To, ana ɗaukar baiwar Allah Hathor da allahiya Meheret a matsayin saniya wadda ta haifi Rana Allah kuma ta sanya shi tsakanin ƙahonta don kare shi.
Haka kuma aka ce, baiwar Allah Hathor ta haifi Ubangiji Rana a kowace fitowar rana, tun da yake ana haife shi kowace rana. Shi ya sa sunansa a Masar ya zama ḥwt-ḥrw ko ḥwt-ḥr, wanda za a iya fassara shi da "Horus House" Hakanan, ana iya fahimtar shi azaman "Gidana shine aljannah" Shi ya sa allahn falcon Horus ya wakilci sama da rana ga mutanen Masar.
Ta wannan hanyar, lokacin da yake magana game da Haikalin Allah Horus, an yi magana game da mahaifar Allah Hathor ko kuma zuwa sama inda ta motsa ko kuma a matsayin Rana Allah da aka haifa a kowace safiya.
Ubangijin Rana: Hakazalika, an san Allahn Hathor a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alloli na hasken rana, kuma ita ce takwarar mace ta gumakan Ra da Horus. Ta kasance wani ɓangare na allahntaka wanda ya kiyaye kamfanin God Ra, yayin da yake tafiya ta sararin sama a cikin babban jirginsa.
Shi ya sa ake kiran Allah Hathor da suna "The Golden Lady” domin annurinta ya yi kama da na rana kuma a cikin tsoffin litattafai da aka ce birnin Dendera “Hasken hasken da ke fitowa daga cikinsa yana haskaka duniya baki daya". Tare da labarun da aka ba da labari, sun haɗa ta da allahiya Nebethetepet kuma sunanta yana nufin Lady of the offerings, Lady of joy ko Lady of vulva.
A cikin birnin Heliopolis, an bauta wa Allah Ra, baiwar Allah Hathor da Nebethetepet domin su ne abokan Allah Ra. Ta wannan hanyar, masanin ilmin Masar Rudolf Anthes ya yi la'akari da cewa sunan Allah Hathor yana nufin ɗaya daga cikin gidajen Horus a birnin Heliopolis kuma yana da alaƙa da tunanin sarautar Masar.
Goddess Hathor kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin alloli waɗanda suka cika aikin Idon Ra. Ta wakilci ɓangaren mata a cikin faifai na Rana da wani ɓangare na ikon da Allah Ra yake da shi. An kuma fassara shi da Ido Goddess wanda aka dauke shi a matsayin mahaifa inda Rana Allah ya haifu.A wannan bangare ayyukan Hathor Goddess sun saba da kasancewar ita uwa, masoyi, mata, 'yar'uwar Allah Ra kasancewa a nan. nunin zagayowar rana ta yau da kullun.
Da la'asar sai Rana Allah ya dawo jikin baiwar Allah, ya sake yi mata ciki, ya kuma haifar da abubuwan bautar da za a haifa washe gari. Kamar Allah Ra da kansa da aka sake haihuwa, da kuma 'yarsa Ido Goddess. Shi ya sa Allah Ra ya haifi 'yarsa kuma a lokaci guda ya haifi kansa kuma wannan yana haifar da sabuntawa akai-akai.
Idon Ra yana nufin ya kare Rana Allah daga abokan gaba kuma galibi ana kwatanta shi azaman macijiya, auran, ko zaki. Wani nau'i da aka san Idon Ra shine nau'in da aka sani da "Hathor na fuskoki huɗu” kuma an wakilce shi da kuraye guda hudu inda kowace fuska ke nuni da wani abu mai mahimmanci ta wannan hanyar za ta iya sanya ido kan barazanar da ka iya kasancewa a jiran Ubangijin Rana.
Shi ya sa akwai tatsuniyoyi da dama a cikin Sabuwar Masarautar tsakanin 1550 BC zuwa 1070 AD inda aka ba da labarin lokacin da baiwar Allah ta fara fushi ba tare da ta mallaki kanta ba. An kwatanta tatsuniya mai mahimmanci a cikin littafin jana'izar mai tsarki mai suna "Littafin saniya mai tsarki".
Inda Allah Ra ya aiko da baiwar Allah Hathor a matsayin Idon Allah Ra domin ya azabtar da mutane da suke tunanin shirin tawaye ga gwamnatin Fir'auna da Allah Ra ya sanya. Goddess Hathor ya zama babban zaki kuma ya fara kashe duk mutanen da suka shirya irin wannan harin a kan Fir'auna.
Amma Allah Ra yana da shawarar Allah Hathor ya zama zaki don ya kashe dukan bil'adama kuma ya ba da umarnin cewa a rina giyan ja kuma a rarraba a ko'ina cikin duniya. Baiwar Ido ta fara shan giyar ta hada shi da jini kuma ana sha sai Allah ya dawo mata da kyau da jinkai.
Abin da ke da alaƙa da wannan labarin shi ne tatsuniyar da aka ruwaito na baiwar Allah mai nisa, a cikin marigayi da zamanin Ptolemaic. Inda baiwar Allah ido cikin siffar baiwar Allah Hathor ta fara tawaye ga ikon da Allah Ra ya mallaka kuma ta fara aiwatar da barna da yawa a wasu kasashen waje, wanda zai iya zama Libya zuwa yamma, Nubia a kudu, don haka lokacin Rasuwar Idon Ra ta yi rauni a lokacin ne Allah Ra ya aiko da wani Allah mai suna Thoth ya dawo da ita.
Goddess na Masar Hathor kasancewar natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, ta sake zama uwargidan Allahn Rana ko kuma Allahn da ya dawo da ita. Shi ya sa abubuwan da baiwar Allah Ido ta mallaka, masu kyau da fara'a da tashin hankali da haɗari, za su nuna imanin Masarawa cewa mata "rungumi matsananciyar sha'awar soyayya da fushi"
Joy, Rawa da kiɗa mai kyau: A cikin al'adun Masar, ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofinsa shine bikin jin daɗin da ke ba da ma'ana ga rayuwa kuma ana ɗauka a matsayin kyauta da alloli suke ba wa bil'adama. Shi ya sa Masarawa suka sadaukar da kansu wajen rawa da ci da sha da wasa a bukukuwan addini. Iska ta shanye da furanni masu kamshin turare.
Yawancin nau'o'in da baiwar Allah Hathor ta ɗauka suna da alaƙa da bukukuwa kuma an san ta a matsayin uwargidan kiɗa, bukukuwa, raye-raye, kayan ado, buguwa da kuma mur. Lokacin da ake yin waƙoƙin waƙoƙi a cikin Haikali, dole ne mawaƙa su buga garayu, garayu, kaɗe-kaɗe da kaɗe-kaɗe don girmama Allah Hathor.
Sistrum wani kayan aiki ne mai kama da gungu kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai wajen bautar baiwar Allah Hathor, domin wannan kayan yana da ma’anar batsa da jima’i. Shi ya sa wannan kayan aikin ke da alaƙa da ƙirƙirar sabuwar rayuwa.
Waɗannan abubuwan da aka ambata a sama kuma suna da alaƙa da tatsuniyoyi da aka faɗa na Idon Ra. Tun da an kwantar da shi tare da tatsuniyar giya kuma an hana halakar da dukan bil'adama. A cikin sigogin da suka wanzu game da baiwar Allah mai nisa, saboda yanayin daji, Idon Wandering ya ragu lokacin da aka gamsu da shi saboda gaskiyar cewa wayewa ya haɓaka rawa, kiɗa da ruwan inabi mai daɗi.
Ruwan kogin Nilu idan ya girma sai ya zama ja saboda ruwan duwatsun, ana kwatanta wannan da kalar giya da giyar da suka yi launin ja saboda tatsuniyar halakar bil'adama. Ta haka ne aka gudanar da bukukuwan da ake yi da sunan baiwar Allah Hathor na Masar a lokacin ambaliyar kogin Nilu kuma a lokacin ne suka fara kade-kade da raye-raye a lokacin da suke shan abubuwan sha da yawa, ta haka ne suka fara huce haushin wannan baiwar Allah da ta dawo.
A cikin tsohon rubutu na haikalin Edfu an ce Allahn Masar Hathor mai zuwa: "Iliyafa suna mata sistrum, aljanun suna rawa don su rabu da mugun halinta". A cikin Haikalin Madamud an rera masa wakar Rattaui wadda a cikinta aka kwatanta bikin a matsayin na shaye-shaye.
Ana yin ta ne a matsayin tatsuniya ta dawowar baiwar Allah Hathor ta Masar zuwa Masar, lokacin da mata za su iya kawo furanninta, yayin da mashaye-shaye da ’yan wasa ke buga mata ganguna. Sauran mutane suna sadaukar da raye-raye a gare shi a cikin akwatin haikalin tun lokacin hayaniya da bikin za su kawar da mummuna yanayi da iko na gaba.
Ta wannan hanyar za a iya tabbatar da cewa baiwar Allah Hathor na Masar tana cikin yanayinta mafi farin ciki yayin da abokin aurenta na jiran ta a cikin haikalinta, ko da yake ƙungiyar tatsuniya na allahn Hathor shine Allah Montu wanda zai haifa mata ɗa.
Kyau, Soyayya da Jima'i: gefen farin ciki na baiwar Allah na Masar Hathor ya nuna cewa tana da iko mai girma na mace da haihuwa. Shi ya sa a cikin tatsuniyoyi da dama na halittar duniya ta taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar Duniya. Tunda ance Atm shine Allah mahalicci kuma yana dauke da komai a cikinsa. An halicci komai ta hanyar al'aura tsakanin Shu da Tefnuf kuma ta haka ne tsarin halitta ya fara.
Hannun da aka yi amfani da shi don yin wannan aikin shine hannun Allah Atum, wanda shine wanda yake wakiltar bangaren mata kuma yana wakiltar allahn Hathor, Nebethetepet ko Iusaaset. Ko da yake tsohuwar tatsuniya ce kawai a cikin al'adun Masar wanda ya samo asali tun zamanin Ptolemaic tsakanin 332 BC zuwa 30 BC, Allah Jonsu shine wanda zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan lokacin Masarawa tun da alloli biyu sun haɗu don haka bayarwa. yiwuwar halittar duniya.
Ta wannan hanyar ana ɗauka cewa Bautawa Hathor za ta kasance maƙwabcin Allolin Masarawa da yawa, amma Allah mafi mahimmanci ga Allolin Masarawa Hathor shine Sun God Ra. Yayin da allaniyar Mut ta kasance abokiyar zaman Allah Amun wanda shine babban abin bautar sabuwar Masarautar Masar. Ko da yake Allahn Hathor ya kasance yana da alaƙa da Allah Ra.
Yayin da gumakan Amun da Nut ba su da alaƙa da haihuwa da jima'i, kuma a yanayi da yawa suna sanya alloli irin su Isis ko Goddess Hathor. Shi ya sa a cikin lokutan ƙarshe na tarihin Masar an ɗauki Allah Hathor da Rana God Horus a matsayin ma'aurata a garuruwan Dendera da Edfu.
A cikin wasu juzu'in da aka faɗa, an tabbatar da cewa baiwar Allah Mai Nisa tare da baiwar Allah Hathor da Rattaui su ne abokan Allah Montu. Shi ya sa a bangaren jima'i akwai labarai da yawa. Misali, akwai wani labari da ya faru a Masarautar Masar ta Tsakiya mai suna Labarin Makiyayi. Inda ya hadu da wata baiwar Allah mai gashi mai kama da dabba. Kuma idan ya kalle ta a cikin fadama sai ya tsorata. Amma wata rana da ya ratsa ta cikin fadama sai ya sami kansa da wata mace mai kyau da lalata.
Masana ilmin Masar da suka yi nazari kan wannan labari sun zo a kan cewa matar da ake magana a kai ita ce baiwar Allah Hathor ko kuma mace mai irin wannan dabi'a tun da tana da daji sosai kuma tana da hatsari amma a lokaci guda tana da mutuƙar son rai da kyau. Wani mai bincike mai suna Thomas Schneider ya zo ya ce gamuwar da makiyayi ya yi da baiwar Allah don ya faranta mata rai.
A cikin wani ɗan gajeren labari na sabon Masarautar Masar inda aka sami sabani tsakanin Seth da Horus, rikici ne tsakanin waɗannan gumakan Masarawa. Tunda Rana Allah ya baci tunda dayan Allah ya zage shi. Yayin da ya kwanta a kasa ya huta. Bayan ɗan lokaci, Allahn Hathor ya nuna sassanta ga Sun Allah domin ya shawo kan fushinsa.
Bayan haka, Rana Allah ya tashi daga kan kujerarsa ya fara gudanar da aikinsa a matsayinsa na mai mulkin cewa shi ne. A wannan lokacin a cikin labarin, dukan jama'a sun gaskata cewa tsari da rayuwa sun dogara ne akan yanayin Rana na Allah, saboda haka ayyukan Allah Hathor suna da mahimmanci don hana halakar bil'adama.
Wannan aikin ba a bayyana ba idan wani abu ne don yin jima'i ko kuma Allah ya kawar da fushin da yake ji, don haka ba a san dalilin da ya sa Allah Ra ya fara murmushi ga baiwar Allah Hathor ba. A cikin wasu wallafe-wallafen Masarawa game da baiwar Allah Hathor ta Masar an yaba mata don kyawawan gashin da take da shi kuma an yi nuni da cewa Allahn Masari Hathor yayin da yake aiwatar da sha'awar jima'i ya rasa wani kulle gashi.
An kwatanta wannan kulle-kulle na gashin da allahn Masar Hathor ya rasa da idon allahntaka wanda allahn Horus ya rasa da kuma lokacin da Seth ya rasa ɗigon sa a lokacin da ake tsananin shawa tsakanin waɗannan alloli, yana nuna cewa kullin da allahn Hathor ya rasa yana da mahimmanci kamar yankan da alloli biyu suka yi a jikinsu.
Ko da yake an san baiwar Allahn Masar da macen soyayya. Saboda yanayin jima'i da yake da shi domin a cikin babban littafin littafin Chester Beatty I, daga daular 1189th (a. 1077-XNUMX BC), maza da mata suna sadaukar da waƙoƙi ga allahn Hathor don ta kai su wurin masoyansu. Inda akwai tabbacin cewa ko da sun yi addu'a ga baiwar Allah kuma masoyi ya isa ɗakinsa.
Mutuncin sarauta da uwa: Ana ɗaukan allahn Hathor uwar gumakan Masarawa da yawa. Ana kuma la'akari da ita mahaifiyar Allah Horus amma a lokaci guda ta cika aikin zama uwargidan Allah. Ita kuma matar Sarki ce kuma uwar magaji. Allolin Hathor ita ce takwarar allahntaka na sarauniya a duniya.
A cikin Mythology na Masar an yi la'akari da cewa iyayen Allah Horus sune Osiris da Isis. A cikin Tatsuniyar Osiris da aka ruwaito daga Daular Masar ta dā, Allah Horus yana kula da dangantaka da Allahnta Hathor, ko da yake an tabbatar da cewa wannan tatsuniyar ta tsufa. Tun da Allah Horus yana da alaƙa ne kawai ga Allah Osiris da Isis lokacin da tatsuniyar Osiris ta bayyana.
Ko da yake a tsawon lokaci Allahn Osiris ya kasance yana ƙarfafawa a matsayin mahaifiyar Allah Horus, baiwar Allah Hathor koyaushe yana da wannan rawar, musamman ma lokacin da ta shayar da sabon Fir'auna. Shi ya sa akwai papyri inda ake wakilta saniya mai shayar da yaro a cikin kurmi, wanda ake wakilta a matsayin ilimin da yaron ya samu a tarihin Masar.
Madara da baiwar Allah Hathor ya ba yaron alama ce ta sarauta da allahntaka kuma lokacin da yake da siffofi na allahntakar da ke kula da yaron, saboda yaron yana da hakkin ya mallaki mutanen. Hakazalika, dangantakar da ke tsakanin alloli Horus da Hathor sun ba da halayensu ikon warkarwa. Domin an ce idon Horus da ya ɓace ya dawo ne bayan da allahn Seth ya yanke shi.
A ƙarshen zamani daga 624 BC zuwa 323 BC, al'ummar Masar sun mai da hankali ga bauta wa iyali na allahntaka guda ɗaya kawai da wani baligi namiji allahntaka, wanda yake da mata da ƙaramin ɗa. Ta haka ne aka fara gina gine-ginen taimako da aka fi sani da mammisis, domin a samu damar yin bikin haifuwar abin bautar yara.
Tun da wannan yaron Allah zai gabatar da sabuntawar sararin samaniya kuma zai zama sabon magaji ga sarauta, kasancewarta baiwar Allah Hathor mahaifiyar al'ummai da yawa na alloli waɗanda suka zama triad. A cikin garin Dendera da Edfu Allah Horus shi ne uba yayin da baiwar Allah Hathor ita ce uwa yayin da ake kiran danta da Ihy sunansa na nufin mawakin sitrum.
Wannan ɗan Horus tare da allahiya Hathor ya kwatanta farin cikin da ke tattare da kayan aikin sistrum. Har ila yau, suna da wasu 'ya'ya irin su wani ƙaramin abin bautawa da ake kira Neferhotep a cikin abin da ake kira birnin Hu. Hakazalika, an yi wa yara da yawa wakilcin Allah Horus.
A cikin al'ummar Masar, an dauki ruwan madara na sycamore a matsayin alamar rayuwa da lafiya. Ta wannan hanyar ta zama alama mai mahimmanci ga Masarawa. Tunda wannan madarar ta kasance daidai da ruwan kogin Nilu a lokacin ambaliya tun lokacin da ta kawo haihuwa a doron kasa wanda ya bushe kuma bakarare.
A ƙarshen zamanin Romawa da lokacin Ptolemaic a cikin haikalin Masar da yawa an haɗa tatsuniyar halittar duniya, inda aka daidaita tunanin kakanni game da halittar sararin samaniya. Sigar da ta wanzu na tatsuniya na baiwar Allah Hathor a cikin birnin Dendera ya ba da muhimmanci sosai a kan kasancewarta allahntakar rana.
Baya ga kasancewarta baiwar Allah ta farko ta Masar da ta fito daga ruwayen da aka haifa bayan halitta kuma bisa ga rubuce-rubucen tsarki cewa haske da madarar Allah Hathor sun iya ciyar da kuma cika dukan ’yan Adam da rayuwa.
Kamar baiwar Allah Mesjenet, wacce ke da alaƙa da uwa. Amma ita baiwar Allah Hathor tana da ma’anar kaddara da ta ginu a kan cewa baiwar Allah za ta dauki nau’i bakwai daban-daban domin sanin wadanda za su zama fir’aunan da za a haifa da kuma iya hasashen wadanda za su mutu. Kamar yadda ya zo a cikin labarin ‘yan’uwa biyu da kuma labarin Basaraken Babba.
Za a iya kwatanta fuskokin mahaifar da baiwar Allah Hathor ta ɗauka da fuskokin da allahiya Isis da allahiya Mut suke da su. Amma a cikin duka biyu akwai nau'i-nau'i daban-daban tun lokacin da sadaukarwar da Goddesses Isis ke gabatarwa ga mijinta da danta za su wakilci soyayyar da al'umma ta yarda da su, fiye da jima'i da ƙauna maras kyau wanda allahn Masar Hathor ke bayarwa ga abokanta.
Yayin da soyayyar da Mut ya ba da ita tana da iko fiye da dabi'ar jima'i, yayin da baiwar Allah Hathor tana da halaye na yaudarar mazajen aure kamar ta kasance baƙon mace a gare su.
A cikin Ƙasashen waje da kasuwanci: Da yake Masar ta kasance daular a lokacin, ta ci gaba da yin hulɗar kasuwanci da yawa tare da ƙasashe da yawa da kuma biranen bakin teku kamar Siriya da Kan'ana. Musamman tare da birnin Byblos. Wannan ya sanya addinin Masar ya yadu zuwa sauran garuruwan yankin.
Duk waɗannan abubuwan sun faru ne a wani lokaci na Daular Masar ta dā. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Masarawa suka yi magana game da allahiya kuma majiɓincin birnin Byblos wanda aka fi sani da Ba'alat Gebal. An ce wannan baiwar Allah wata baiwar Allah ce idan aka kwatanta ta da Hathor. Waɗannan alaƙar alloli biyu sun yi ƙarfi sosai har nassi na dā daga birnin Dendera sun ce allahiya Baalat Gebal ita ma tana zaune a wannan birni.
Hakazalika, Masarawa sun kwatanta baiwar Allah Hathor da wata baiwar Allah Anat, wata baiwar Allah da aka sani da yawan haihuwa. Wannan allahiya ta birnin Kan'ana tana da sha'awa sosai amma a lokaci guda ta kasance mai tsananin zafin da Masarawa ke bauta mata a Sabuwar Mulki.
A cikin ayyukan fasaha na Masar daga birnin Kan'ana, allahiya tsirara Anat tana sanye da gashin gashi mai laushi wanda zai iya fitowa daga siffofi da aka yi na allahiya Hathor. Ko da yake bisa ga binciken da aka yi, ba a tantance ko wace alla ce ke wakiltar hotuna da kuma dalilin da ya sa Masarawa suka ɗauki wannan hoton ba dangane da allahiya Anat. Ko da yake sun bauta mata a matsayin allahntakar mace dabam da allolin Masar Hathor.
Halin hasken rana na wannan allahiya ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗin gwiwa tare da kasuwanci tun lokacin da Masarawa suka yi imanin cewa za ta kare jiragen ruwa da ke tafiya a kan kogin Nilu da kuma tekun da ke bayan Masar. Domin manufarta ita ce ta kare jirgin da Allah Ra ke amfani da shi a sararin samaniya.
Hakazalika, aikin hajjin da baiwar Allah Nubian ta yi a tatsuniyar Masar kuma tana da alaƙa da wata baiwar Allah Anat a waɗannan ƙasashe. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da yankin Sinai. Wanda a wancan lokacin ba a dauke shi wani bangare na Daular Masar. Amma saitin ma'adinan Masar ne inda aka yi amfani da ma'adanai daban-daban, daga cikinsu akwai tagulla, turquoise da malachite.
Ɗaya daga cikin alamomin da ake kira allahiya Hathor, a lokacin ita ce macen turquoise. Wannan yana nufin ma'adanai waɗanda suke da launin shuɗi-kore. Shi ya sa ake kuma kiran allahn Masar Hathor da Lady of Faience. Wannan wani tukwane mai launin shuɗi da kore wanda Masarawa suka ce launin turquoise kore ne.
Allolin Masar Hathor sun kasance suna bauta sosai a cikin ma'adinan don kare rayukan bayi da kuma a wurare daban-daban da wuraren hakar ma'adinai da aka samu a cikin hamadar Larabawa na Masarautar Masar. A cikin ma'adinan amethyst na Wadi el-Hudi, inda wani lokaci ake kiranta Lady of the amethyst.
A yankin kudancin Masar, tasirin Allah Hathor ya kai tsohon yankin Punt. Yana kusa da bakin tekun da ke kan iyaka da Bahar Maliya kuma wannan ita ce tushen ƙona turare wanda aka haɗa gunkin Hathor da shi. Haka kuma aka yi da yankin Nubia da ke arewa maso yammacin yankin Punt.
A cikin tarihin Herjuf na hukuma wanda ya kasance na daular VI tsakanin shekaru (c. 2345-2181 BC), ya bar rubuta balaguro da aka yi zuwa wani yanki kusa da birnin Nubia. Aka kawo wa Fir'auna ƙona turare masu yawa, da fatu iri-iri. A cikin wannan rubutun da babban hafsan Masar ya bari ya rubuta, ya kwatanta yadda waɗannan kayayyakin da suka kawo daga wannan yankin suka kasance da ban mamaki kuma kyauta ce daga baiwar Allah Hathor ga Fir’auna.
A cikin sauran balaguron da aka yi zuwa yankin Nubia tare da aikin hako zinare, sun gabatar da wata sabuwar al'ada a lokacin sabbin daulolin Masarawa na tsakiya. Domin wanda fir'aunai da dama suka yanke shawarar gina gidajen ibada da dama a yankin Nubian inda su ne masu mulki.
Rayuwa bayan mutuwa: Akwai labaran da ke da’awar cewa alloli dabam-dabam sun taimaka wa matattu su sami manufarsu a lahira. Ɗaya daga cikin wannan allahn an san shi da Amentit. Ita wata allahiya ce ta yamma wacce ke wakiltar makabarta da aka sani da necropolis ko rukunin kaburbura da ke gabar Kogin Nilu, an san ta da sarautar rayuwa bayan mutuwa.
Masarawa sun ɗauki wannan a matsayin aikin baiwar Allah Hathor. Haka nan da wata baiwar Allah Hathor ta zo ta ratsa kan iyakar Masarautar Masar da sauran kasashe, ta sami damar ketare iyakar da ke tsakanin sassan rayayyu da na matattu. Ta taimaki ruhin mamacin don samun damar shiga cikin mulkin matattu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka danganta ta da kaburbura, a nan ne aka fara sauyawa zuwa wadannan masarautu.
A cikin Theban necropolis an wakilta shi azaman tsauni mai salo inda wata saniya ta bayyana a wakilcin Hathor. Matsayin da ta cika a matsayin allahiya a sararin sama yana da alaƙa da rayuwa bayan mutumin ya haye zuwa duniyar matattu.
A matsayinta na baiwar Allah sai ta taimaki Allah Ra a sake haifuwar sa a kullum. Shi ya sa ta kasance da muhimmiyar rawa a imanin da mutanen Masar suke da shi tun lokacin da ta taimaki rayukan da suka mutu a cikin matattu tun da mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa za a sake haifuwarsu a matsayin sabuwar rana a kowace safiya.
An fassara kaburbura da duniya a matsayin mahaifar Allah Hathor daga inda za a sake haifuwar marigayin. Ta wannan hanyar alloli na Nut, Hathor da Amentit za su iya, a cikin litattafai daban-daban na daɗaɗɗen, kai rayukan matattu zuwa wurin da za su ci da sha har abada abadin. Shi ya sa allahiya Hathor tare da allahiya Amentit ke wakilta a cikin kaburbura.
Da haka, suna maraba da sababbin matattu a cikin matattu kamar yadda suke yi wa ’ya’yansu kafin a sake haifuwa. A cikin rubutun jana'izar da aka sani daga Sabuwar Mulki, an kwatanta rayuwa bayan mutuwa a matsayin lambun mai kyau da kyau don shuka. Wanda ke shugabantar wannan kyakkyawan lambun ita ce allahiya Hathor.
Allolin nan an wakilta a cikin siffar bishiya kuma ta ba da ruwa ga ran da ya mutu kwanan nan. Yayin da allahiya Nut tana da wani aiki amma baiwar Allah Hathor ta kira ta don ta ba ta aikinta. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a cikin al'adun Masar rayuwa bayan mutuwa tana da bangaren jima'i.
Domin a cikin Tatsuniyar Osiris, lokacin da aka kashe Allah, ya tashe lokacin da ya sami kansa yana yin tarayya da allahiya Isis kuma an haifi Horus a can. Hakazalika, a cikin akidar hasken rana cewa akwai haɗin kai tsakanin Allah Ra da baiwar sararin sama, za su bar Allah Horus ya sake haifuwarsa. Ta wannan hanyar, yin jima'i zai ba da damar a sake haifuwar marigayin.
Abin da ya sa Goddesses Isis da Hathor suna ba da gudummawa ga tada matattu zuwa sabuwar rayuwa, ana yin wannan ta hanyar ƙarfafa ikon sake farfadowa na alloli na maza maimakon cikawa ko taka muhimmiyar rawa. Masarawa na d ¯ a sun riga sun rigaya sun riga sun sanya sunan Osiris don haɗa shi da tashin matattu.
Misali mai kyau na wannan shine macen da aka sani da sunan Henutmehyt za ta zama "Osiris-Henutmehyt" Bayan lokaci wannan matar tana da alaƙa da ikon allahntaka na mata da na namiji. Duk da yake a cikin Masarautar Masar ta dā an ɗauka cewa mata za su shiga masu bautar Allah Hathor a lahira. Dole ne maza sun yi haka da Osiris.
A cikin tsaka-tsakin lokaci na uku na daular Masar wacce ke tsakanin shekaru (c. 1070-664 BC), mutanen Masar sun fara ƙara sunan Allahn Masar Hathor ga matan da suka mutu maimakon sanya sunan Osiris.
Amma a wasu lokuta, yawancin matattu an ba su sunan Osiris-Hathor don nuna cewa marigayin yana da amfani da kuma farfado da ikon alloli biyu. A wannan lokacin na Masarautar Masarawa an gudanar da shi a matsayin ingantaccen imani cewa baiwar Allah Hathor ta yi mulki a rayuwa yayin da Osiris ya yi mulki a mutuwa.
Iconography na Hathor
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ana wakilta baiwar Allah Hathor da siffar saniyar da ke ɗauke da faifan hasken rana a kan ƙahonta masu lanƙwasa. Wannan adadi ya kasance na musamman a lokacin da allahiya ke renon fir'auna. Haka nan baiwar Allah Hathor na iya bayyana a matsayin macen da ke da kan saniya. Amma mafi yawan wakilcin da aka saba yi na baiwar Allah Hathor shine macen da ke sanye da ƙahonin saniya da faifan rana.
Wannan wakilcin ta sanya rigar bututun ja ko turquoise ko hade da launuka biyu kuma an sanya ƙahonin a cikin ƙaramin rabin rabi ko rigar ungulu wanda ya kasance da yawa a cikin sarauniyar ɗan adam ta Masar a cikin sabuwar Masarautar Masar.
Lokacin da Goddess Isis ta karɓi wannan rigar a cikin Sabuwar Mulkin alloli biyu za a iya bambanta su ne kawai lokacin da hoton yana da alamar rubutu da sunan allahiya. Matsayin allahiya Amentit. Allolin Hathor ta sa a kan ta sanye da alamar yamma maimakon sa kahon saniya.
Hathors Bakwai sun yi wakilcin saitin shanu bakwai tare waɗanda suke tare da ƙaramin allahn sama da rayuwa wanda bayan mutuwa aka sani da bijimin yamma.
Haka kuma an wakilta ta da wasu dabbobi irin su ureo da ke cikin siffar kurciya. Wanne dalili ne na fasahar halitta ta Masarawa kuma tana wakiltar alloli daban-daban waɗanda za a iya gano su da Idon Ra.
Lokacin da aka nuna mata tare da ureo sun wakilci mafi yawan tashin hankali amma a lokaci guda mafi kariya. Haka kuma aka sa ta ta rikide ta zama zaki mai irin wannan tashin hankali amma kuma tana kiyaye Allah.
A gefe guda kuma, lokacin da ake wakilta allahiya Hathor a matsayin cat na gida, sau da yawa tana yin nau'i na lumana na Ido Goddess lokacin da aka wakilta ta a matsayin bishiyar sycamore da ke bayyana a saman sashin jikinta yana fitowa daga gangar jikin.
Har ila yau, baiwar Allah Hathor na iya bayyana akan gunkin papyrus a matsayin sanda. Amma maimakon haka yana rike da sandar farce. Wacce alama ce ta iko wadda allolin maza suka saba ɗauka. Guda daya tilo da za ta iya daukar ko amfani da sandar uas, ita ce baiwar Allah Hathor da wadanda ke da alaka da Idon Ra.
Hakanan ana nuna Goddess Hathor tare da sistrum na jiragen ruwa. Wanne yayi kama da cella ko naos a cikin haikali kuma yana gefensa da naɗaɗɗen littattafai waɗanda ke tunatar da eriya da gunkin Bati ya ɗauka. Amma idan aka ɗora sistrum ɗin akansa yana da nau'i biyu, baiwar Allah ta farko tana sanya kulli mai sauƙi yayin da ɗayan kuma an yi shi da abin wuya na ƙarfe wanda ke da kwanduna da yawa waɗanda ake girgiza su a cikin bukukuwa daban-daban.
Wata muhimmiyar alama da baiwar Allah Hathor ke ɗauke da ita ita ce madubi tun da an yi waɗannan da firam ɗin zinariya ko tagulla kuma ta haka ne suke nuna alamar hasken rana kamar yadda suke da alaƙa da kyau da mace. Wasu hannayen madubi suna ɗauke da siffar baiwar Allah Hathor da kuma fuskarta.
Sau da yawa Allahn Hathor an wakilta shi da fuskar mutum amma tare da kunnuwan shanu, lokacin da aka gani daga gaba kuma ba a cikin bayanin martaba ba, wanda ya kasance mai mahimmanci a cikin fasahar Masar. Lokacin da aka nuna baiwar Allah a cikin bayanan martaba, gashinta yana lanƙwasa cikin madauki.
An kuma yi wa Allah Hathor fentin da abin rufe fuska wanda ya bayyana a kan ginshiƙan manyan haikalin daga tsohuwar Masarautar Masar. An yi amfani da waɗannan ginshiƙai a cikin Haikali da yawa waɗanda aka gina da sunan Allah Hathor da kuma a cikin wasu haikalin da aka keɓe ga wasu alloli.
An ƙera waɗannan ginshiƙai don ɗaukar fuskoki biyu ko huɗu waɗanda ke yin wakilci biyu na allolin Masarawa Hathor. Wannan wakilci shine na faɗakarwa da kuma na kyakkyawa ko a cikin sigarsa mai haɗari. Har ila yau, ginshiƙan hathoric suna da alaƙa da sistrum na kayan kida.
Shi ya sa kayan kida na sistrum za su iya ƙunshe da siffar fuskar allahiya Hathor da kuma cikin ginshiƙan da aka haɗa sistrum na nao a kan kan baiwar Allah.
Ibadar da ake yiwa baiwar Allah
A cikin zamanin Neit na archaic, Goddess Hathor na ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma mafi rinjaye a cikin gidan sarauta na Masar. Amma a daular ta XNUMX, baiwar Allah Hathor ta zama baiwar Allah wadda ta fi kusanci da Fir'auna. Shi ya sa wanda ya kafa wannan daular da aka fi sani da Fir'auna Seneferu. Ya umurci baiwar Allah Hathor ta gina haikali kuma 'yarsa Djedefra ita ce firist na farko na wannan haikalin kuma firist na farko na Goddess Hathor wanda akwai shaida.
Fir'auna na Tsohuwar Mulki sun fara ba da gudummawa ga haikalin da aka keɓe ga wasu sarakuna ko alloli waɗanda ke da alaƙa da masarautar Masar. Ko da yake ya kamata a lura cewa baiwar Allah Hathor na ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta da ke karɓar irin waɗannan nau'ikan gudummawar daga fir'auna, saboda sarakunan biranen sun kafa wata ƙungiya ta musamman ga baiwar Allah Hathor kuma ta haka za su iya haɗa yankuna da fadar masarautar Masar.
Shi ya sa Hathor, baiwar Allah ta Masar ta karɓi haraji da yawa daga mutanen Masar a kowane lardi inda akwai Haikali don girmama ta. Yawancin matan da ke cikin masarautar Masar, amma ba sarauniya ba ne, suna kula da gudanar da ayyukan ibada da aka yi wa baiwar Allah Hathor a lokacin Tsohon Mulki.
Fir'auna Mentuhotep II, shi ne sarki na farko na Masarautar Tsakiyar da ba shi da dangantaka da masu mulkin Tsohon Mulki. Wannan Fir'auna ya halasta mulkinsa ta hanyar gabatar da kansa a matsayin ɗan baiwar Allah Hathor.
Hotunan saniya na Hathor suna jinyar Fir'auna Mentuhotep II, sun fito ne daga mulkinsa na farko kuma an gabatar da firistoci da yawa a matsayin matansa, ko da yake babu gaskiyar cewa sun yi aure da Fir'auna. Kamar yadda tafiyar Masarautar Tsakiyar Masar ta tafi. Sarauniyar sun sanya kayan shafa don kama da kama da yiwuwar sake reincarnation na Goddess Hathor. Haka kuma fir'auna suke yi domin kamannin Allah Ra.
Wannan sha'awar sarauniya Masarawa ta kasance iri ɗaya ko kamanceceniya da baiwar Allah Hathor ta ci gaba na dogon lokaci a cikin Masarautar Tsakiya da Sabon Masarautar Masar. An siffata sarauniyar Masar sanye da rigar baiwar Allah Hathor daga karshen daular ta XNUMX.
Akwai wani hoto a cikin al'adun Masar na Heb Sed na Amenophis wanda aka ƙaddara don yin murna da sabunta sarauta inda aka nuna Sarki tare da baiwar Allah Hathor da matarsa Sarauniya Tiy. Wannan ya nuna cewa sarki ya yi aure na alama tare da baiwar Allah Hathor yayin da bikin ke gudana.
Hatshepsut mace ce da ta yi mulki tare da fir'auna a farkon shekarun Sabuwar Mulki. Ta yi fice don dangantakar da take da ita da Allah Hathor tun da yake ta bambanta sosai, tun da ta yi amfani da sunaye da lakabi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ita ga Allahn Masarawa Hathor. Ta haka ne ya sami damar halasta gwamnatinsa a gaban al'ummar Masar wadanda aka saba karkashin jagorancin wasu maza.
Wannan mata ta ba da umarnin gina manyan haikali don girmama Allahn Masarawa Hathor, kamar yadda ta ba da umarnin gina haikalin jana'izarta. Cewa zai sami ɗakin sujada da aka keɓe ga allahiya Hathor.
A cikin birni ko yankin Deir el-Bahari, an sanya shi a matsayin wurin bautar Allah Hathor tun lokacin daular Tsakiyar. Hakanan akwai matukar mahimmanci ga Allah Amun a lokacin Sabuwar Mulki tunda wannan ya ba wa matarsa damar gani sosai tare da haɗin gwiwar Mutuwar Allah a tsawon wannan lokacin. Goddess Isis ya fara bayyana tare da ayyuka daban-daban waɗanda ta al'ada ta kasance na Allahntakar Hathor ne kawai tunda ita kaɗai ce allahn hasken rana.
Hakazalika, waɗannan alloli suna da alaƙa mai girma ga allahiya Hathor, ko da yake ta ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan alloli a cikin Sabuwar Mulkin. Inda aka ba da fifiko a cikin al'adar baiwar Allah Hathor dangane da haihuwa, jima'i da cikawa.
Sabuwar Mulkin Isis ta ƙara ɓoye Allahntakar Hathor da matsayinta da sauran alloli waɗanda ba za su iya ɗaukar matsayinsu ba. A lokacin Hellenistic na Masar, lokacin da Girkawa suka zo, sun mallaki Masar kuma addininsu ya bunkasa cikin dangantaka mai rikitarwa da al'adun Masar. Yayin da daular Ptolemaic ta fara ɗauka tare da gyara akidar Masar game da allolin sarauta.
Wannan ya fara ne da Arsinoe II, wanda ita ce matar Ptolemy II, waɗannan haruffa sun haɗa da sarauniyarsu tare da Goddess Isis da kuma da dama daga cikin alloli na Masar. Musamman sun yi haɗin gwiwa tare da nasu allahn ƙauna da jima'i wanda ya kasance Aphrodite.
Duk da haka idan Helenawa suna nufin dukan gumakan Masarawa suna fassara su da sunayen gumakan Girkanci na kansu kuma wani lokaci suna kiran Allah Hathor. Halin da allahn Masarawa Isis da Goddess Hathor suka haɗu tare da halayen allahn Girkanci Aphrodite.
Wannan ya haifar da tabbatar da jinyar da aka yi wa sarauniya Ptolemaic a matsayin alloli. Ta wannan hanyar mawaƙi Callimachus ya yi iƙirarin cewa tatsuniyar kullewar allahiya Hathor ita ce yabon Berenice II don ta sadaukar da wani yanki na gashinta ga Aphrodite. Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ta raba tare da allahiya Isis da Hathor, irin su ungulu da ƙahonin shanu, sun bayyana a cikin hotunan da za su nuna zamanin sarakunan Ptolemaic da aka zana kamar dai su ne Godiya Aphrodite.
Temples a Misira da sunan Ubangiji
Bautawan da aka keɓe ƙarin haikali ga Hathor, fiye da kowace gunkin Masarawa da ke akwai. A cikin Tsohon Mulkin, cibiyar ibada mafi mahimmanci da aka gina da sunan Goddess Hathor tana cikin yankin Memphis.
An sami gunkin sycamore Hathor a wurin, inda aka yi mata bauta a wurare dabam-dabam a cikin Memphite necropolis. A lokacin Sabuwar Daular, Haikali na Allahn Hathor na sycamore wanda yake kudu shine babban haikali inda ake bauta mata. A cikin wannan wurin an kwatanta baiwar Allah Hathor a matsayin babbar 'yar allahn birni mai suna Ptah.
Duk da yake a cikin al'adun da aka yi wa Allah Ra da Allah Atum a cikin birnin Heliopolis, arewa maso yammacin birnin Memphis, akwai wani haikalin da aka sani da Hathor-Nebethetepet wanda ya kasance, bisa ga bincike, wanda aka gina a Masarautar Tsakiya.
Ko da yake itacen willow da sycamore suna kusa da wannan wuri mai tsarki, mai yiyuwa ne sun bauta wa allahiya Hathor da bukukuwa da yawa da kuma bayyanai iri-iri. A wasu garuruwan da ke arewacin Kogin Nilu, kamar Yamu da Terenuthis, an gina manyan haikali don bauta mata da bauta wa Allah Hathor.
Lokacin da sarakunan tsohuwar daular Masar suka fara ginawa da kafa birane a Masar ta sama da ta tsakiya, an kafa cibiyoyin bautar gumakan Masar da yawa a can, daga cikin fitattun ita ce allahiya Hathor. A wuraren da ke Kusae, Akhmim da Naga ed-Der.
A lokacin tsaka-tsakin farko wanda ya bayyana tsakanin shekarun 2181 da 2055 a, C. an gina wani mutum-mutumi don bauta masa a cikin birnin Dendera kuma ana kai shi akai-akai zuwa yankin Theban Necropolis wanda aka fi sani da mulkin matattu.
Lokacin da Mulkin Tsakiya ya fara, Fir'auna Mentuhotep na biyu ya ba da umarnin gina babban haikali don gina Allahntakar Hathor ta wannan hanyar don bauta mata ta dindindin a cikin Deir el-Bahari necropolis. Garin mafi kusa shine Deir el-Medina, wanda shine gidan ma'aikatan kabari a cikin necropolis a lokacin Sabuwar Mulki.
A wannan wurin kuma akwai haikalin da aka keɓe ga Allahn Hathor inda ya ci gaba da aiki kuma ana sake gina shi lokaci-lokaci har lokacin Ptolemaic ya zo. Bayan haka an yi watsi da wannan gari tsawon ƙarni da yawa.
A cikin birnin Dendera haikalin Hathor yana wurin, kasancewar haikali mafi dadewa a Upper Masar. Wannan Haikali ya samo asali ne daga aƙalla daular ta huɗu. Da ƙarshen Tsohon Mulki wannan haikalin ya zarce haikalin Memphite a mahimmanci.
Ko da yake da yawa sarakuna sun yi kari zuwa Haikali inda ake bauta wa Allah Hathor a cikin tarihin Masar. Ko da yake an gina sigar ƙarshe ta Haikali a zamanin Ptolemaic da na Romawa, a halin yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin haikalin Masarawa waɗanda aka fi kiyaye su a tsawon lokaci.
Yayin da Tsohuwar Mulki ta wuce, yawancin firistoci na Goddess Hathor sun haɗa da waɗanda suke da matsayi mafi girma, waɗanda mata ne kuma waɗanda suke cikin dangin sarauta a duk faɗin wannan Daular, an cire mata a hankali daga waɗannan matsayi na firist. Yayin da sarakunan da suka fi danganta da al'adar baiwar Allah Hathor suna da matsayi da gata.
Ta wannan hanyar, matan da ba na Masarautar Masar ba suna ɓacewa daga manyan mukamai da firistoci, ko da yake mata sun ci gaba da bauta wa Allah Hathor ta hanyar kiɗa, tun da yawancin waɗannan mata mawaƙa ne a cikin haikalin da ake bauta wa gumaka a dukan duniya. labarin kasa na Masar.
Biki da na ibada da aka fi miƙa a cikin Haikali dabam-dabam na kowane gunkin Masarawa shi ne hadaya ta kullum. A cikin abin da siffa ko gunkin gunkin Masarawa da ake bauta wa dole ne a yi sutura da kuma ciyar da su.
Haka nan aka yi wannan ibada ta kowace rana a cikin haikalin Masar. Ko da yake duk waɗannan abubuwan da aka miƙa a matsayin hadayu na yau da kullum a cikin dukan temples. Amma al'adun da aka yi don girmama allahiya Hathor sun sami kayan kida irin su sistrums. Baya ga abin wuya na menat. A cikin lokutan baya an ba wa baiwar Allah Hathor madubai biyu waɗanda za su wakilci rana da wata.
Jam'iyyu da sunan baiwar Allah
Da sunan allahiya Hathor, ana gudanar da bukukuwa na shekara-shekara don girmama ta da kuma girmama ta, waɗannan bukukuwan sun haɗa da kiɗa, raye-raye, da abubuwan sha waɗanda suke da al'ada a matsayin babban manufarsu. Duk mutanen da suka shiga cikin waɗannan bukukuwan sun so su kai wani mataki na jin daɗin addini.
Shi ya sa suka yi shi tun yana da wuya ko kuma ba a saba yin irin wannan biki a addinin Masar ba. Masanin binciken kuma masanin ilmin Masarautar Graves-Brown ya yi nisa har ya nuna cewa mutanen da suka yi bukukuwan wannan rana da sunan baiwar Allah Hathor suna so su nemi canjin yanayin wayewar don ba da damar yin hulɗa tare da daular Ubangiji.
Misalin da ya fi fitowa fili shi ne jam’iyyar da aka fi sani da Shaye-shaye, a can aka yi ta tunawa da dawowar idon Ra, an yi wannan bikin ne a ranar ashirin ga watan Tot. A cikin Haikali inda aka bauta wa Allah Hathor da idon allahn Ra, an yi bikin ne a lokacin Mulkin Tsakiya amma an fi saninsa a zamanin Ptolemaic da Romawa.
Rawar da abinci da abin sha da aka raba a lokacin bukuwan buguwa ana wakilta akasin zafi da yunwa da kishirwa da Masarawa suka shiga kuma hakan yana da alaka da mutuwa. Yayin da aka saki tashin hankalin idon Ra, ya kawo bala'i da mutuwa ga mutane. Shi ya sa bikin buguwa abin da ake yi shi ne rai, yalwa da farin ciki.
A wata liyafa da ta faru a Theban da aka fi sani da Kyakyawar Bikin Kwarin kuma tun daga Masarautar Tsakiyar lokacin da aka fara yin bikin a Masarautar Tsakiyar, siffar da suke da ita na Allah Amun kuma ake bauta wa a cikin Haikali. ta Karnak. Amma sun kuma mayar da shi zuwa wasu haikali kamar Necropolis da Tebana. A yayin da ’yan uwa suka je kaburbura inda aka gano ‘yan uwansu da suka rasu suna iya yi musu hadayu da suka hada da ci da sha da kuma nishadi.
Ko da yake baiwar Allah Hathor ba ta taɓa shiga cikin waɗannan bukukuwa ba har sai farkon Sabuwar Mulki. Lokacin da aka gane, kasancewar Amun ya kasance a cikin haikalin Deir el-Bahari kuma an dauki wannan a matsayin aikin jima'i tsakanin wannan Allah da Allah Hathor.
Da yawa daga cikin haikalin da aka gina a zamanin Ptolemaic, ciki har da na birnin Dendera, inda suke bikin sabuwar shekara ta Masar tare da bukukuwa da al'adu da yawa, inda ya kamata a ce siffar allahntakar da aka mika masa. Ana sake farfado da haraji ta hanyar saduwa da Ubangijin Rana.
A cikin kwanaki kafin Sabuwar Shekara ta Masar, mutum-mutumi na allahiya Hathor da aka samu a cikin birnin Dendera an motsa shi zuwa wabet, wanda shine wani ɗaki na musamman a cikin haikalin da aka keɓe don haɗin kai na al'adun gargajiya tare da allahn rana.
A wannan wuri an sanya shi a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka yi masa ado da hotuna daban-daban na rana da na sararin sama. Sa'an nan kuma, a ranar farko ta sabuwar shekara ta Masar, wadda ita ce watan farko na Thoth, an ɗauki siffar Allah Hathor zuwa saman rufin haikalin don a yi masa wanka da hasken rana, yana kama da kama. Solar God Ra ko Horus.
Bikin da ya fi dacewa da rubuce-rubuce game da al'adar allahiya Hathor shine bikin da ke faruwa a Ptolemaic wanda aka sani da Idin Ƙawataccen Taron. Ana gudanar da wannan biki ne a cikin watan Apep kuma ana gudanar da shi akalla kwanaki goma sha hudu. Hoton allahiya Hathor da aka samu a birnin Dendera ana jigilar su ta jirgin ruwa zuwa haikali daban-daban inda ake bauta wa allahiya Hathor kuma ta haka za ta iya ziyartar sauran alloli.
Tafiyar da mutum-mutumin baiwar Allah Hathor zai ƙare a haikalin Allah Horus da ke birnin Edfu. A can siffar allahiya Hathor za ta hadu da surar Allah Horus kuma za a sanya su duka tare.
Yayin da jam’iyyar za ta yi kwanaki goma sha hudu, sai a dauki rana daya a dauki mutum-mutumin Ubangiji Horus da Hathorn Hathor a tare a binne su a dauke su a matsayin Sun God and the Ennead. Wasu nassosin Masarawa na lokacin sun tabbatar da cewa alloli biyu sun yi ibada da hadayu ga gumakan da aka binne.
Yawancin masu bincike da masana ilimin Masar sun ɗauki bikin a matsayin kamar aure tsakanin Allah Horus da baiwar Allah Hathor. Ko da yake masanin ilmin Masar Martin Stadler ya bambanta da wannan ra'ayi kuma ta bambanta shi, abin da waɗannan alloli suke yi shine sabunta abubuwan alloli da aka binne.
Wani mai bincike da aka sani da CJ Bleeker ya ɗauki Idin Haɗin Kai a matsayin bikin dawowar baiwar Allah mai nisa. Tun da wannan ya dogara ne akan tatsuniya na ido na hasken rana wanda aka tsara a cikin haikalin a kan bukukuwa. Hakazalika, Barbara Richter ya ci gaba da cewa jam’iyyar tana wakiltar abubuwa uku ne kawai a lokaci guda, wadanda suka hada da haihuwar Allah Horus da Goddess Hathor da ɗansu, ƙaramin Allah Ihy.
An yi bikin ne a birnin Dendera bayan watanni tara na bikin kyakkyawan taro tunda wannan yana wakiltar ziyarar da baiwar Allah Hathor ta yi wa Allah Horus ta wannan hanyar suna wakiltar cikin dansu Ihy.
Bauta a cikin Outskirts na Misira
A zamanin Masarautar Masar ta dā, sarakuna da fir'auna sun ba da kayayyaki zuwa haikalin da ake bauta wa mace Ba'alat Gebal, wanda ke cikin garin Byblos, ta yin amfani da syncretism na allahiya Ba'alat tare da Allah Hathor. babban dangantakar kasuwanci da wannan birni mai suna Byblos. A lokacin mulkin Thutmosis III, an gina wani haikali wanda aka keɓe ga baiwar Allah Hathor don ya ba ta haraji kuma ya kira ta matar Byblos.
Ko da yake mutane da yawa suna da’awar cewa abin da aka gina wuri ne mai tsarki a cikin haikalin allahiya Baalat Gebal. Tare da faduwar Sabuwar Masarautar Masar. Goddessan Hathor, wanda ke da mahimmanci da mahimmanci, ya faɗi tare da haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci da yankuna biyu ke da su.
Wasu abubuwa da suka yi fice tun daga farkon ƙarni na farko kafin Kristi ya nuna cewa a wannan lokacin a tarihi Masarawa sun soma danganta Allolin Isis da allahiya Baalat Gebal.
Akwai tatsuniyar almara game da kasancewar Goddess Isis a garin Byblos. Kodayake Plutarch ya ruwaito wannan gaskiyar a cikin harshen Girkanci a cikin aikin mai suna Isis da Osiris a karni na biyu AD. C., a can an nuna cewa Goddess Isis ya riga ya maye gurbin kuma ya mallaki birnin Byblos inda ake bauta wa Allah Hathor.
Masarawan da suke Sinai kuma sun gina haikali a yankin. Haikali mafi girma shi ne hadadden da aka fi sani da Serabit el-Khadim, wanda ke yammacin gabar tekun. An sadaukar da ita ga al'adar baiwar Allah Hathor wanda shi ne majibincin ma'adinai a wannan yanki.
Ya kasance daga tsakiyar tsakiyar Masarautar kuma har zuwa ƙarshen Sabuwar Masarautar Masar. A gabas da tsibirin akwai sanannen kwarin Timna. Iyakar iyakokin Masarautar Masar, wannan shine wurin da aka fara balaguron hakar ma'adinai na yanayi a lokacin Sabuwar Mulkin.
Akwai wani wuri mai tsarki da aka yi wa Allah Hathor cewa bayan lokaci an yi watsi da shi saboda ƙananan yanayi da ya faru a wannan wuri. Madayanawa na wurin, waɗanda Masarawa suke aiki a haƙa ma’adinai. Waɗannan sun sami damar yin wasu sadaukarwa ga Hathor Goddesses waɗanda manyansu kuma suka yi.
Bayan ɗan lokaci Masarawa sun yanke shawarar yin watsi da wannan wurin a lokacin daular XNUMXth. Madayanawa sun yanke shawarar mai da wannan haikalin wuri mai tsarki don su bauta wa gumakansu. Maimakon haka, Nubians waɗanda ke kudancin Masar sun yanke shawarar ɗaukar addinin Masar, a cikin Sabuwar Mulki lokacin da birnin Nubia ke ƙarƙashin mulkin Masar.
Fir'auna sun ba da umarnin gina haikali da dama a cikin birnin Nubia da aka keɓe don bautar Allah Hathor. A cikin su, haikalin Faras da na Mirgissa sun yi fice. Bugu da kari, haikalin Ramses II da Amenophis III da aka gina a birnin Nubia sun girmama alloli na mata irin su Allahn Masarawa Hathor. Ban da matar Amenophis, Tiy a cikin birnin Sedeenga.
A lokacin ne masarautar Kush mai cin gashin kanta ta tashi a birnin Nubia. Wannan masarauta ta mayar da imaninta ga sarakunan Kushiyya tunda akidarsu ita ce ta masarautar Masar. Shi ya sa suka dauki alloli Hathor, Isis, Mut da Nut a matsayin uwaye. Waɗannan alloli sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin addinin Kushi.
A cikin masarautar Gebel Barkal wuri ne mai tsarki ga Allah Amun. Shi ya sa Kushita Tahargo ya ba da umarnin gina haikali guda biyu, na farko da sunan Allahn Masar Hathor da sauran haikalin ga gunkin Mut. Tunda alloli guda biyu ƴan uwa ne na Amun. Wannan shine maye gurbin haikalin da suka ragu daga Sabon Daular Masar.
Ko da yake a cikin birnin Nubia abin bautar da aka fi bautawa shi ne Isis, tare da lokaci matsayinta ya karu, shi ya sa a zamanin Meroitic a cikin tarihin birnin Nubia, allahiya Hathor za ta kasance abokiyar Goddesses Isis a cikin temples. dake cikin wannan unguwar.
Shahararriyar bautar Ubangiji
Ko da yake an yi al'adu da bukukuwa a cikin gidajen ibada. Masarawa sun bauta wa gumakansu a ɓoye don dalilai da yawa a cikin gidajen da suka yi masa bagadai tun lokacin haihuwa yana da haɗari sosai ga uwa da kuma jariri a Masar ta dā.
Amma iyalai suna sha'awar yara sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa haihuwa da haihuwa cikin aminci sun kasance fifiko ga Masarawa da damuwa a cikin shahararrun addinan. Shi ya sa ake bauta wa alloli na haihuwa irin su Hathor da Tueris a wurare masu tsarki da aka kera a gidaje.
Lokacin da matan Masar za su haihu, sai su tsuguna ko sun durƙusa a kan wata kujera ta haihuwa wadda aka yi da tubalin ado kuma akwai rami a tsakiya.
A halin yanzu, kujera ɗaya ta haihuwa daga ƙasar Masar ta dā an adana kuma an ƙawata ta a cikin hoton da ke nuna wata mata ta riƙe ɗanta kuma a gefe akwai siffar baiwar Allah Hathor tana taimaka mata.
A zamanin Romawa akwai siffofi da aka yi da terracotta da ake amfani da su a cikin gida, inda mata ke wakilta suna yin riga amma suna fallasa al'aurarsu. Kamar yadda baiwar Allah Hathor ta yi a baya don kwadaitar da Allah Ra. Ko da yake har yanzu ba a san ma'anar wadannan alkaluma ba.
Amma masu bincike sun yi iƙirarin cewa su adadi ne da ke wakiltar allahntakar Hathor da Goddesses Isis ko kuma hade da allahn Girkanci Aphrodite. Ta hanyar nuna cewa suna da haihuwa kuma suna da kariya daga mummunan yanayi.
Goddess Hathor na ɗaya daga cikin ’yan alloli da aka ce su magance matsalolin kansu, tun da Masarawa da yawa sun kawo hadayunsu na kansu zuwa haikali. Yayin da akasarin hadayun da aka baiwa baiwar allahn Masar Hathor don alamar da ta wakilta a Masar.
Hadayun da baiwar Allah Hathor ta samu, tufafi ne da aka zana da launuka daban-daban, da kuma hotunan alloli guda da siffofi da faranti da ke wakiltar dabbobi, amma irin wannan hadayun ba a san ma’anarsa ba. Wasu hotuna suna nuni ga ayyukan da ya yi a masarautar Masar. Amma ba a yi nufinsu a matsayin maƙasudi na farko na mai bayarwa ba. Ko da yake an ce waɗannan hadayun don sa baiwar Allah farin ciki ne kuma ba za su fitar da gefenta mai haɗari da muni ba tunda tana iya haifar da lalacewa da yawa a cikin birni da duniya.
Masarawa da yawa sun yi addu’a a rubuce ga baiwar Allah Hathor domin ta hukunta ɓarayi da kuma waɗanda suke da rashin lafiya su warke kuma wasu su tuba don munanan ayyukansu. Ko da yake addu'o'in da suka fi fice game da baiwar Allah Hathor ita ce ta kawo wadata ga dangi da al'ummar Masar da abinci mai yawa a lokacin rayuwa da kuma binne mai kyau yayin mutuwa.
Yi aiki gidajen jana'iza
Kamar yadda aka fi sani da baiwar Allah Hathor a matsayin allahntakar rayuwa bayan rayuwa, labarinta ya bayyana a cikin rubutun fasahar jana'iza na Masar. Tare da sauran alloli irin su Osiris da Anubis. Allolin Hathor ita ce allahiya da aka fi amfani da ita wajen yin ado da kaburburan sarauta a lokacin Sabuwar Mulkin Masar.
A lokacin wannan baiwar Allah ta bayyana sau da yawa a matsayin baiwar Allah wadda ta karbi matattu domin ta taimake su su haye zuwa lahira. Wasu hotuna da suka rayu tsawon lokaci suna nufin allahiya Hathor a kaikaice. Akwai hotuna da suka nuna mata da maza suna yin al'adar papyrus da suka yi shi ne girgiza shi amma wannan al'ada ba a san mene ne ainihin manufarta ba. Amma wasu rubuce-rubucen da har yanzu suna rayuwa sun tabbatar da cewa wannan sautin na Goddess Hathor ne.
Idan kun sami wannan labarin game da Goddess Hathor mai mahimmanci, Ina gayyatarku ku ziyarci hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizon masu zuwa: