Don ƙarin fahimtar yadda Al'adun Colombia kuma menene ƙungiyoyin al'adu, muna gayyatar ku don ziyarci wannan labarin mai ban sha'awa, a cikin wannan labarin za ku iya sanar da kanku game da yadda al'adun Colombia ke da girma, a duk yankuna.
Al'adun Colombia
Tare da haɗakar da aka gada daga al'adu daban-daban, al'adun Colombia sun samar da ingantaccen ma'anar ainihi. Farawa daga wayewar zamanin Columbia daban-daban kamar Muiscas, Tayronas, Quimbayas da Zenúes.
Tare da hadewar wayewar Mutanen Espanya da Afirka, sakamakon ya kasance al'umma mai halaye iri ɗaya ga sauran ƙasashen Latin Amurka, amma tare da babban bambanci.
Koyaya, a cikin yankin Colombian da kansa akwai sanannen bambance-bambancen yanki. Misali, cachacos na tsaunukan Cundiboyacense, paisas na Antioquia, llaneros na filayen gabas, Valle del Cauca del Valle del Cauca.
Yawan jama'ar bakin teku na bakin tekun Caribbean da mazauna Santander a cikin sashen Santander. Duk waɗannan ƙungiyoyin daban-daban sun sa Colombia ta zama al'umma mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa.
Ta wannan hanyar, duk wannan cakuda a halin yanzu yana nunawa a cikin jerin maganganu kamar gine-gine, kiɗa, fasaha, adabi, da sauransu. Ya fito ne don samun muhimman mutane kamar Gabriel García Márquez, Fernando Botero, Juan Pablo Montoya, Carlos Valderrama, Juanes, Shakira, Sofía Vergara.
A daya hannun kuma, tattalin arzikin Colombia ya fi dogara ne akan sassan samar da kayayyaki na farko kamar su noma, kofi da kiwo. Da yake la'akari da tattalin arziki na hudu a Latin Amurka.
Bayanan tarihi na al'adun Colombia
Ba da daɗewa ba kafin zuwan cin nasara, al'ummomin ƴan asalin sun kasance suna yin kayan ado mafi kyau a Kudancin Amirka.
Tun lokacin da Alonso de Ojeda, a cikin 1499, ya kafa ƙafa a kan gabar tekun Colombia, masu nasara sun nuna sha'awar dukiyar ƴan asalin gida. Don haka, tatsuniyoyi irin na El Dorado sun taso, wanda daga ƙarshe ya zama tafkin Guatavita, inda ƴan ƙabilar a cikin al'adunsu suka yi ta jefa zinare.
Tun daga shekara ta 1525, cin nasara shine ya sami birane, yada addinin Katolika, da aiwatar da tsarin kabilanci. Shekaru daga baya, daidai a cikin 1810, Colombia ta sami 'yancin kai daga mulkin Spain, tare da taimakon shugaban Venezuelan Simón Bolívar.
Daga baya, wani lokaci na yakin basasa ya biyo baya tsakanin masu sassaucin ra'ayi, masu kare rabe-raben mulki, da Conservatives, wadanda suka goyi bayan haɗin gwiwar Cocin Katolika da Jihar. Abubuwan da suka haifar da lokacin da ake kira La Violencia, tsakanin 1948 da 1958.
Wadannan tsare-tsare na tarihi da suka hada da hadin kan kabilu da al'adu daban-daban sun tsara al'adun Colombia har zuwa yau.
Al'ummar Colombian al'adu
Ta fuskar zamantakewa, al'adun Colombia sun ƙunshi kabilu da yawa, wanda ya sa yawan mestizo ya yi fice. Ko da yake harshen hukuma shi ne Mutanen Espanya, akwai harsuna 65 na asali.
Wata alama kuma ita ce kashi 90% na al'ummar Colombia suna da'awar addinin Katolika, wanda ke nuni da cewa yawancin bukukuwan Colombia suna da ma'anar addini. Colombian yana da halin buɗewa, farin ciki, kulawa, baƙi da aiki tukuru kuma koyaushe yana buƙatar lokaci don yin karatu da ci gaba da horo.
Su ma mutane ne masu kirkire-kirkire da hamshakantar da jama’a, domin a cewarsu suna da kwazo, don haka a ko da yaushe suna tunanin fa’idar hadin kai. Duk da kishin yankin da ake da shi, wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma bukukuwan Carnival abu ne da ya haɗa su. Akwai nau'o'in zamantakewa guda uku a cikin al'adun Colombia: babba, tsakiya da ƙasa, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin kuɗin shiga na iyali.
Ƙungiyar siyasa ta gudanarwa na al'adun Colombia
A wannan lokacin, Colombia tana cikin yankuna 32, gundumar babban birni 1, gundumomin masana'antu da tashar jiragen ruwa 2, gundumomin yawon bude ido da al'adu 2, gundumomin yawon bude ido 2, gundumomin al'adu da tarihi da yankuna na musamman na 'yan asalin.
Jiha tana da tabbacin tabbatar da adalci ga mazaunanta, ta kasance mai haɗin kai, ba da mulki ba, dimokuradiyya, jam'i da kuma haɗin kai.
A samar da tsarin zartaswa wanda ya kunshi shugaban kasa da mataimakinsa, wanda aka zabe shi na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da yiwuwar sake tsayawa takara.
Tsarin majalissar ya kunshi Majalisa kuma bangaren shari’a ya kunshi Kotun Koli ta Shari’a, Majalisar Jiha, Kotun Tsarin Mulki, Majalisar Koli ta Shari’a, Mai Shari’ar Laifukan Soja, Ofishin Babban Lauyan Gwamnati, Kotu da Kotu. Hakimai da kantomomi ana zabensu ne ta hanyar zabe kai tsaye a kowane yanki.
Addinin al'adun Colombia
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yawancin al'ummar Colombian Katolika ne, tare da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi masu bin wasu addinai. Idan aka ba da tashar tarihi, Katolika shine addinin Colombia na hukuma, wani abu da ya canza tare da Tsarin Mulki na 1991.
Inda aka keɓe al'ummar a matsayin ƙasa mai zaman kanta, tana ba da garantin ƴancin yin ibada. Duk da haka, Cocin Katolika ta ci gaba da riƙe gata a kan wasu addinai, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali. Domin gamsar da ruhohi, a cikin 2016, an ayyana ranar 4 ga Yuli a matsayin ranar 'yancin addini da bauta ta kasa.
Sauran mazaunan wani yanki ne na al'ummomin addini kamar masu wa'azin bishara, Shaidun Jehovah, Mormons, Buddha, Islamists, Yahudawa. Wani abu da ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al'adun Colombia shine wanzuwar almara tun lokacin mulkin mallaka, wanda aka yada daga tsara zuwa tsara, irin su anima solo, hasken ƙafa, carrao, mace mai kuka, kafa. busa kawai.
Babban yankuna na al'adun Colombia
Tare da yankuna shida na halitta waɗanda ke da yanayin yanayi da nau'ikan yanayi, wakilci ne na al'adun Colombian iri-iri. Daga cikin su, ana iya bambanta manyan guda biyu:
Andean
Kasancewa mafi yawan mazaunan Colombia, ya haɗa da sassan Antioquia, Caldas, Risaralda, Quindío, Valle del Cauca, Tolima, Santander, Norte de Santander, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Huila da Nariño.
Wasu daga cikin yankuna na al'adun Colombia a wannan yanki sun haɗa da: Paisa, Santandereano, Cundiboyacense, Vallecaucano, Opita, Pastuso, Cachacos.
Yankin Andean yana da kasa mafi albarka don noma, har ma da mai, emeralds da sauran ma'adanai ana amfani da su. Manyan garuruwan su ne:
Bogota (babban gunduma).
Babban birnin Colombia, na cikin sashen Cundinamarca ne, ita ce cibiyar neurological na siyasa, tattalin arziki, masana'antu, fasaha, wasanni da yawon shakatawa. Wani birni ne wanda ke ba da babban aikin al'adu, baya ga abincin da aka saba da cachacos shine santafereño ajiaco, da sanannen jan kofi.
Medellín
Ya zama babban birnin Antioquia, wanda ya ƙunshi maganganun 'yan asali na al'adun Paisa. Wadanda suke takama da gastronomically tare da paisa tasa. Yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin biranen Amurka, babban birnin Valle del Cauca, wanda ke da nau'in abincin shinkafa na yau da kullum.
Caribbean
Located a arewacin Colombia, kusa da Caribbean Sea. Ya ƙunshi sassan Antioquia, Atlático, Bolívar, Cesar, Cordoba, La Guajira, Magdalena da Sucre.
Ayyukan masana'antu, kasuwanci, kuɗi, tashar jiragen ruwa, noma, dabbobi, ma'adinai, da ayyukan yawon buɗe ido sun yi fice, da kuma hanyar haɗin gwiwar garuruwa, waɗanda daga cikinsu sun yi fice:
Barranquilla (Yankin Musamman na Masana'antu da Tashar ruwa).
Ita ce babban birnin Tekun Atlantika, inda ake gudanar da bikin mafi muhimmanci na al'adun Colombia: bukukuwa na Barranquilla.
Cartagena de Indias (yankin yawon bude ido da al'adu).
Babban birni ne na Bolívar, birni wanda ke adana kayan gine-ginen Mutanen Espanya da ganuwar tarihi a bakin tekun.
Sauran yankuna na al'adun Colombia
Sauran yankunan da suka ƙunshi yankin al'adun Colombia sune:
Amazon
Shi ne yanki mafi girma kuma mafi ƙarancin jama'a, tare da sassa kamar Amazonas, Putumayo, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare da Vaupés.
A cikin abin da ake haɓaka ayyukan noma, saren daji da sauran ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar noman coca don samar da hodar iblis. An shirya abincin da aka fi so tare da kwan kunkuru.
Mara kyau
Ya haɗa da tsibiran San Andrés da Providencia a cikin Tekun Caribbean, da Malpelo da Gorgona a cikin Tekun Pacific. Wurin yawon bude ido da ke dauke da daya daga cikin manyan otal-otal a kasar, wanda ke nuna bukukuwan Afro-Caribbean kamar bikin kaguwa da cin abincin kifi.
orinoquia
Ana zaune a gabashin ƙasar, ya ƙunshi fili fili wanda sassan Arauca, Casanare, Meta da Vichada suka kafa. Wanda aka haifa a can an sadaukar da shi don kiwon shanu, wanda aka kwatanta da tufafinsu, liquiliqui da mamona a matsayin abincin da aka saba.
Aminci
An shigar da shi a gefen yammacin yammacin, ya ƙunshi sassan Chocó, Valle del Cauca, Cauca da Nariño, inda birnin Buenaventura ya zama yanki na masana'antu na musamman da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, tare da bude kasuwanci a kan Tekun Pacific. Ayyukan tattalin arziki sun dogara ne akan kamun kifi na masana'antu, hakar ma'adinai, dabbobi da noma.
Bayyanar al'adun Colombia
Za a bayyana maganganu iri-iri na al'adun Colombia waɗanda suka haɗa da:
Hannun Fasaha
Abubuwan da ake samarwa na ƙananan al'adu daban-daban sun fito fili, alal misali, mazauna suna yin hula vueltiao, paisas suna yin kwandunan da aka saka.
A gefe guda kuma, gidan adana kayan tarihi na Zinariya da ke birnin Bogotá, yana da tarin tarin tsabar zinari, da kuma ayyuka na itace, yumbu, masaku da kuma duwatsu waɗanda wasu kabilun da suka kasance a zamanin mulkin Colombia suka yi.
Zane
Shahararren mai fasaha shine Fernando Botero, wanda ana iya ganin ayyukansa a gidan kayan tarihi na Botero a Bogotá. David Manzur da Omar Rayo suma sun shahara a wannan lokacin.
Gine-gine
Tare da tasirin Mutanen Espanya na zamanin mulkin mallaka da gine-gine na zamani, gine-gine irin su Medellín Cathedral, yanayin mulkin mallaka na Cartagena ko Barichara, Medellín Sports Arenas, Santuario Nuestra Señora del Carmen da Parque Explora sun haɗu a cikin birane.
Litattafai
Gabriel García Márquez, marubucin littafin Shekaru ɗari na kaɗaici, da sauransu, kasancewarsa wanda ya fi shahara a al'adun Colombia a wannan fanni, ya sami kyautar Nobel ta adabi a 1982.
Kiɗa
Akwai nau'ikan kiɗa da yawa a cikin al'adun Colombian dangane da kowane yanki. Mafi sanannun sune vallenato, cumbia da joropo. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, nau'in pop na Colombia ya sami suna a duniya, Shakira ita ce mawaƙa mafi nasara a tarihin kiɗan Latin.
Bari mu ɗan ƙara yin magana game da yankuna
Yankin Caribbean: Caribbean Caribbean na Colombia sun mamaye sassan Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, Cordoba, La Guajira, Magdalena, San Andrés da Providencia, da Sucre. “Garuruwan bakin teku”, kamar yadda ake kiran su a cikin mazauna wannan yanki na ƙasar, suna da alaƙa da fara’a, abokantaka da kuma lafazinsu.
Ko da yake an raba su zuwa sassa takwas a cikin yanki, garuruwan da ke bakin teku suna da alaƙa iri ɗaya, wanda ke da alaƙa da Tekun Caribbean. Hakazalika, wannan yanki na ƙasar yana da muhimman ƴan asalin ƙasar kamar su Arhuacos, dake cikin Saliyo Nevada de Santa Marta, da Wayúu, a La Guajira.
A nasu bangare, al'adun Colombian kuma ana bayyana su ta hanyar kiɗan su. Misali, mahimman kade-kade sun bayyana a yankin Caribbean waɗanda suka sami damar sanya kansu a duk faɗin duniya.
Daga cikin su, Vallenato, daya daga cikin mafi wakilcin nau'o'in kiɗa na yankin da kuma kasar. UNESCO ta ayyana wannan waƙar da aka haife ta a sashin César a matsayin gadon al'adun ɗan adam maras amfani. Bugu da kari, akwai wasu na musamman nau'ikan irin su champeta, porro, cumbia da sauran su.
Bukukuwan sa irin su na Barranquilla Carnival, daya daga cikin mafi wakilcin bakin teku, suma suna da matukar dacewa. Haka kuma, akwai bikin Vallenata Legend, bikin Francisco el Hombre, bikin 'yancin kai, bikin 20 ga Janairu, da sauransu. Ku zo ku gano al'adun Colombian da ke tafiya cikin Colombia!
Yankin Pacific: An raba yankin Pacific na Colombia zuwa sassa huɗu: Chocó, Valle del Cauca, Cauca da Nariño. Wannan yanki na ƙasar yana da abubuwan al'adu, irin su shahararrun raye-raye da sautunan da suka samo asali daga mutanen Afirka. Bugu da kari, wannan yanki yana da Tekun Pasifik wanda ke wanka da yawan al'umma.
A daya bangaren kuma, al'adun gargajiya na wannan yanki na kasar, abin mamaki ne kwarai da gaske. Babban abubuwan al'adunsa suna cikin garuruwan Tumaco, Buenaventura da Quibdó, yankuna waɗanda tasirin Afirka, 'yan asali da Mutanen Espanya suka haɓaka.
Bugu da ƙari, an ce yawancin al'adu da al'adun mutanen Pacific sun girma ne daga waɗannan tasirin.
Kiɗa na Kudancin Pacific ana bambanta ta da halayen sauti waɗanda ke fitowa daga kayan kida irin su marimbas, cununos, ganguna, basses, guasás da violins. Duk waɗannan abubuwan sun samo asali ne daga al'adun Afirka da na 'yan asali, Turai da Afro.
Hakazalika wannan waka ta zama makamin tinkarar tashe-tashen hankulan da kananan hukumomi da dama ke fuskanta a wannan yanki na kasar. Kuma, a lokaci guda, hanya ce ta kiyaye al'adun kakanninsu.
Hakazalika, ɗayan abubuwan da suka haɗa da abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da wannan mashahuriyar kiɗan shine bikin Petronio Alvarez. Yana daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a yankin da ma kasar.
Tare da wannan, akwai wasu kamar Bikin Currulao, Bikin Jama'ar Tekun Pasifik, da Baƙar fata da Farin Carnival. Ƙarshen yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmanci a kudancin Colombia.
Yankin Andean: Wannan yanki yana da ɗayan mahimman al'adun Colombian. Sassan da suka ƙunshi wannan yanki sune: Antioquia, Boyacá, Caldas, Cundinamarca, Huila, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander da Tolima.
Kowannen su yana da halayensa. Misali, paisa na daya daga cikin al'adun da suka fi gano kasar a kasashen waje. An santa da ilimin gastronomy, al'adun manomanta da bukukuwanta. Daga cikin su akwai Feria de las Flores, taron da ke wakiltar mafi kyawun al'adun muleteer.
Akwai kuma macen Tolimense, cike da ɗimbin ƙoshin lafiya, raye-rayen gargajiya, kiɗanta da kuma bukukuwanta. Daga cikinsu akwai bikin gargajiya na Colombia da kuma bikin kiɗan ƙasa na Colombia. Kuma, a Huila, ana yin bikin jama'a da mulkin Bambuco na ƙasa.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai al'adun Cundiboyacence, wanda ya haɗa al'adun mutanen Cundinamarca da Boyacá. Ana bambanta wannan, kamar waɗanda suka gabata, ta hanyar gastronomy, da wuraren baje kolinsa, da bukukuwansa, da raye-raye da kiɗan sa.
Duk waɗannan al'amuran al'adu an haife su ne daga ƴan asalin ƙasa da al'adun manoma. Ƙarshen ya yi tasiri musamman ga kiɗa, yana haifar da nau'o'i irin su carranga.
A ƙarshe, al'adun Santander kuma yana da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Yana jan hankali ga jita-jita na yau da kullun da bukukuwa kamar bikin Santander International. Bugu da ƙari, akwai halayen halayensa irin su bambuco, tourbillon da guabina.
Yankin Orinoquia: An raba tsakanin sassan Arauca, Meta, Casanare da Vichada. A cikin wannan yanki al'adun llanera sun fi rinjaye, wanda ke da wadata mara misaltuwa.
Babban halayensa shine raye-raye irin su joropo da kiɗansa waɗanda suka haɗa da kayan kida na yau da kullun kamar maracas da garaya. Abubuwan da suka faru kamar gasar Joropo ta kasa da kasa, a cikin Villavicencio, an haife su daga sauti da raye-rayen su.
Bugu da ƙari, llaneros suna da abinci bisa nama. A cikin wannan ƙasa yana yiwuwa a gwada jita-jita masu daɗi kamar su veal a lallanera, capybara, beech da ƙari.
Ziyarci filayen filayen kuma koyi game da ɗayan al'adun gargajiya da ban sha'awa na Colombia!
Yankin Amazon: Yana daya daga cikin yankuna mafi girma kuma mafi arzikin albarkatun kasa na yankin kasa. Wannan yanki ya haɗa da sassan Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Guaviare, Putumayo da Vaupés.
Ba kamar sauran al'adun Colombia ba, wannan yana sama da duk ayyukan gargajiya da al'adun al'ummomin ƴan asalin yankin.
Al'adu da al'adun mutanen Colombian Amazon suna da alaƙa da labarunsu, imanin kakanninsu da yanayin yanayinsu. Bugu da kari, sun yi nasarar kiyaye halayensu na musamman saboda warewar wannan yanki na kasar.
An ce kashi 60% na wannan yanki mallakar tsarin ajiyar kuɗi ne da kuma ajiyar 'yan asalin ƙasar. Don haka, sun zama yankunan kariya masu neman kiyaye al'adun waɗannan al'ummomin kakanni.
A nasu bangaren, bayyanar al'adun ƴan asalin ƙasar Colombian Amazon suna da alaƙa da al'adu, raye-raye da waƙoƙi. Waɗannan su ne yanayin tatsuniya-ruhaniya waɗanda ke faruwa a wasu lokuta. Misali, wasu ana amfani da su wajen bukukuwan aure, haihuwa, haihuwa, bukukuwan jana'iza, ibadar lafiya da sauransu.
Hakazalika, yawancin waƙoƙinsu da raye-rayensu ana yin su ne don nuna motsin rai da kuma godiya ga Uwar Duniya. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kalaman fasaha sun haɗa da sautin yanayi, kamar waƙar tsuntsaye da kayan kida da aka yi da mango.
Dangane da akidarsu kuwa, wadannan kakannin kakanni suna da al’ada ta baka mai cike da tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi masu alaka da daji da abubuwan al’ajabi. Kada ku rasa wannan al'ada mai ban mamaki, ziyartar Colombian Amazon!
Yankin tsibiri: Wannan yanki mai ban al'ajabi na ƙasar ya ƙunshi tsibiran da ke fuskantar Tekun Pasifik da ƙungiyar da ke gabar Tekun Caribbean. Yankin insular ya ƙunshi tsibirin San Andrés, Providencia da Santa Catalina. Kuma tsibirin Malpelo da Gorgona ne suka kafa yankin Pacific.
Al'adun mazauna tsibirin sun bambanta sosai. Daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki shi ne na tsibirin San Andrés da Providencia. Wannan wurin yana da al'adu da yawa mara misaltuwa saboda ƙaura na Mutanen Espanya, Ingilishi, Yaren mutanen Holland da na Afirka.
Don haka, mazauna tsibirin suna da nasu yare da ake kira 'Creole', wanda shine sakamakon alakar da ke tsakanin harsunan Afirka ta Yamma da Ingilishi.
Hakazalika, wannan haɗe-haɗe ya shafi kiɗa, gine-gine, abinci, da ƙari. Ba tare da shakka ba, al'adun Colombia sun bar gado mai kima. Ku kuskura ku gano su!
Idan kun sami wannan labarin Al'adun Colombian mai ban sha'awa, muna gayyatar ku don jin daɗin waɗannan wasu: