Dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙunshi lu'ulu'u na ruwa, wanda gabaɗaya yana wakiltar siffar tauraro mai hannaye shida. Waɗannan an haɗa su cikin filaye, kowanne yana ɗaukar siffofi daban-daban. A Snowflake, siffofi a cikin gajimare tare da yanayin zafi na 12 digiri, gano a cikin wannan labarin komai game da dusar ƙanƙara, samuwar su da ƙari!
Ta yaya ake kafa dusar ƙanƙara?
Samuwar ta samo asali ne daga samar da dusar ƙanƙara, a nata ɓangaren, ƙirƙirar ƙanƙara na farawa a cikin gajimare daga ɓangarorin ƙura da digo daga tururin ruwa da ke haɗuwa tare da daskare saboda ƙarancin zafi.
Lu'ulu'u na dusar ƙanƙara suna da ma'auni mai ma'ana guda ɗaya, a geometrically ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin adadi wanda ya ƙunshi bangarori shida daidai, wannan asymmetry an ƙirƙira shi ne saboda ƙwayoyin ruwa da atom ɗin hydrogen suna rabu da digiri 12C daga juna, a cikin siffar hexagon.
Yayin da ƙananan lu'ulu'u na dusar ƙanƙara suka faɗo, sauran barbashi na ruwa sun fara shiga cikinta, suna ƙirƙira da siffata sababbin geometries na ban mamaki. Waɗannan sabbin lu'ulu'u masu girma da yawa ana kiran su dusar ƙanƙara.
Geometry na dusar ƙanƙara suna bambanta bisa ga zafin jiki da zafi, a yanayin zafi aƙalla digiri 6, kuma tare da ƙarancin zafi. Dusar ƙanƙara faranti ne masu sauƙi masu siffar hexagonal, amma yayin da zafi ke ƙaruwa kuma yanayin zafi ya ragu, sifofin dusar ƙanƙara suna daɗaɗaɗaɗawa yayin da suke fitowa daidai gwargwado.
Saboda sarkakiya da nau’ukan sifofin da dusar ƙanƙara ke nunawa, masana kimiyya sun kammala cewa kowane ɗayansu na musamman ne. Wani abu mai ban mamaki game da waɗannan dusar ƙanƙara shine cewa suna da tarnaƙi guda shida daidai.
Wannan al'amari ne na halitta da ɗan'adam ke sha'awar shi saboda keɓaɓɓen halaye da halaye na ban mamaki waɗanda ke ayyana shi. A matsayin abin lura, dusar ƙanƙara a gaba ɗaya ba fari ba ce, a zahiri ba ta da launi kuma a bayyane, abin da idanunmu ke gani shine sakamakon ɗaukar hasken rana daga saman wanda a ƙarshe ya rufe dusar ƙanƙara.
Samuwar flake ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, waɗannan lu'ulu'u sun ci gaba a cikin girgije inda ƙayyadaddun yanayin zafi, zafin jiki, matsa lamba, yawa da girma sune mafi dacewa da yanayin da aka samu na dusar ƙanƙara.
Kowane kristal yana bin yanayin yanayi kuma yana gabatar da ƙayyadaddun tarihi a cikin wannan gajimaren uwar. Tare da hawa da sauka da yawa, ƙungiyoyi, da karo, da zarar crystal ɗin ya bar gajimare, ya ci karo da yanayi daban-daban kamar matsa lamba, iska, da zafin jiki wanda a ƙarshe ke tabbatar da bayyanarsa ta ƙarshe.
Babban nau'ikan dusar ƙanƙara
Lokacin da zafin jiki ya motsa tsakanin digiri 0, lu'ulu'u suna ɗaukar siffofi masu ban sha'awa, kowannensu yana da halaye na musamman, duk da haka, duk suna da siffar geometric, wanda shine mafi kyawun hali a tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara. Bayan haka, akwai nau'ikan flakes da yawa, amma waɗannan sune mafi shahara:
- zanen gadon taurari: Hotonsa yana wakilta da siffa mai siffar tauraro, ƙanƙara ce mai ƙyalƙyali wadda aka saba raba ta zuwa maki shida. Irin wannan Snowflake Yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun.
- Stellar Dendrites: Yana wakiltar ɗaya daga cikin fitattun nau'ikan dusar ƙanƙara da ke wanzuwa a cikinsu, siffarsa tana nuni da kyawawan shawarwari a cikin nau'ikan rassan, a kusa da shi an zana ƙananan rassan da ke ƙawata siffar musamman na wannan crystal.
- Lu'ulu'u masu kusurwa uku: Wani nau'in crystal ne wanda ba kasafai ake yin su ba, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda yanayin zafin da ake samu crystals, domin ya faru ya zama dole sai zafin jiki ya motsa tsakanin digiri 2 ko 3, saboda haka ana samun canji. a cikin siffofinsa. Dusar ƙanƙara daga nan ta ɗauki siffar mai siffar triangle, gaskiyar cewa ko da yake ba su da yawa, suna da kyan gani sosai.
- Bullet rosette: Sunan ta ne albarkacin tsarin dabi'a da suke aiwatarwa yayin da suke kusanto saman duniya, yawanci wadannan suna zuwa ne a rukuni-rukuni, kuma a yayin da kankara ke fashe kuma a karshe sai a gansu idan sun fadi cikin nau'in harsasai.
Yaya girman dusar ƙanƙara?
Kamar yadda muka nuna, halayen da dusar ƙanƙara ke da su sun dogara sosai kan yanayin muhalli da yanayin da suke tasowa, gabaɗaya suna da diamita tsakanin santimita takwas zuwa goma.
A gefe guda, tun da samuwar dusar ƙanƙara ta yanayin zafi, muna ba ku jerin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun waɗanda ke rarraba nau'ikan samuwar da ƙira waɗanda kowane ɗayan waɗannan ya haɓaka:
Tare da zafin jiki na -16C, flakes fara farawa a cikin nau'i na ginshiƙai. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasance sama da -12 C, flakes suna raguwa a cikin nau'i na dendrites. A ƙarƙashin zafin jiki na -10C, ana samar da abin da ake kira flakes mai siffar farantin.
A yanayin zafi sama da -6C, ana haifar da samar da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin nau'in ginshiƙai mara kyau.
Yayin da -4C e ya zo don samar da filaye mai siffar allura na musamman. Da yake a ƙarshe zafin jiki na kusan -0C mun isa wurin samar da flakes masu ban mamaki a cikin nau'i na hexagons.
Kamar yadda za mu iya gani, kowane daga cikin wadannan iri Snowflake, ana sharadi ne ta yanayin yanayi da ke cikin yanayin da ake ciki a wani wuri. Ya kasance flakes da ake kira faranti, ginshiƙai, dendrites, har ma da nau'i mai siffar tauraro mai siffar hexagonal, kowannensu yana da fitattun halaye masu haske waɗanda ba za a iya watsi da su ba kuma sun cancanci sha'awa.
Me yasa dusar ƙanƙara ke fari?
Daga cikin duk tambayoyin da ake da su game da tsarin halitta da mutum ke yi wa kansa yayin da yake wucewa ta duniya, daya daga cikinsu shi ne dalilin da ya sa dusar ƙanƙara ta yi fari, ko kuma dalilin da yasa dusar ƙanƙara ta zama fari. Tambayar da za mu ba da amsa a cikin wadannan layukan:
Kamar yadda muka riga muka sani, dusar ƙanƙara tana wakiltar tsarin ƙanƙara mai crystallized. Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara ba ta da launi musamman. Farin launi yana nunawa a cikin hasken idon ɗan adam godiya ga hasken rana da ke kan ɗimbin barbashi na kankara. Godiya ga haskoki na haske, kallonmu yana nuna dusar ƙanƙara akan rarrabuwa bisa launin fari.
A ina ya fi dusar ƙanƙara?
Yawancin dusar ƙanƙara ta fi yin ƙanƙara a ƙasashen da ke arewacin duniya kamar Japan ko kudu maso yammacin Amurka, waɗannan suna wakiltar wuraren da ke da haɓakar manyan dusar ƙanƙara.
Wani yanki da dusar ƙanƙara ke taruwa da yawa shine a kudancin Alaska. A wannan kasa, saboda yanayin yanayin da take ciki, yana ba da damar samuwar dusar ƙanƙara da watakila nau'in su. Hakanan ana iya gani a saman kololuwar Duwatsu mafi girma saboda ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Dusar ƙanƙara a wasu ƙasashe na wakiltar ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa wasu 'yan yawon bude ido suka fi son ziyartar waɗannan wurare, don rayuwa ta hanyar gani, taɓawa da jin wannan al'amari na halitta, wanda ba duk ƙasashen duniya ne ke da damar samun. yanayin da ake bukata don aiwatar da dusar ƙanƙara don haɓakawa.
A wasu daga cikin kasashen nahiyar Turai ya fi zama ruwan dare cewa a lokutan shekara dusar kankara tana sauka, daga cikinsu akwai kasar Faransa ta yi fice, wadda babu shakka kasa ce mai yawan yawon bude ido.
Duk da yake sabanin da nahiyar Amurka yana da matukar wahala dusar ƙanƙara ta kasance saboda yanayin muhalli, tunda yawancin ƙasashen Amurka ƙasashe ne masu zafi. Wannan shi ne yanayin Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, da sauransu.
Ƙasashen da yanayi biyu ko uku kawai ke tasowa a cikin shekara, ciki har da bazara, bazara da kaka, sai dai lokacin sanyi, gabaɗaya yanayin yanayi yana da zafi da zafi. Lamarin da dusar kankarar ba ta sauka a kasashen Kudancin Amurka.
Yayin da a Arewacin Amirka ƙasashen ke da yanayi guda huɗu na shekara-shekara, waɗanda ke haifar da sauye-sauyen yanayi waɗanda ke ba da damar ƙarancin zafi da ke ba da damar saukar dusar ƙanƙara.
A ƙarshe, yana da ban sha'awa sosai don ƙarin sani kaɗan game da duk abin da ke bayyana, siffa, ƙawata da ciyar da yanayi. Mun koyi komai game da dusar ƙanƙara, daga yanzu zai zama abin kallo na gaske don yin shaida da kuma lura da fadowar dusar ƙanƙara daga wani hangen nesa.
Lamarin da ke cikin matsayin mu na muhalli ba zai taɓa faruwa ba, kuma ana lura da shi. Babu shakka yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun abubuwan da yanayi ke ba mu, siffarsa, nau'insa, launi da ƙari, wasu daga cikin halayen dusar ƙanƙara da Uwar Duniya ke ba mu.
Duk da yadda sanyi zai iya zama kusa da dusar ƙanƙara, ga bil'adama zai kasance ko da yaushe wani yanayi na halitta wanda ke haifar da sha'awa, sha'awa da kuma nishaɗi. Yana da yawa fiye da tsari, lamari ne mai ban sha'awa da gaske mai cike da tsammanin, jin daɗi da sha'awar cewa kawai yanayinmu yana ba mu godiya ga halayensa marasa nasara.