La constellation coma berenies Ba kyakkyawa ba ne a kallon farko. Taurari maƙwabta su ne: zuwa arewa, Los Perros de Caza ko Lebreles (Canes Venatici); zuwa yamma Zaki (Leo); zuwa gabas da Boyero (Bootes) da kuma kudu, Budurwa (Virgo), wanda ake amfani da su a matsayin nuni ga daban-daban fuskantarwa. A wannan ma'anar, ƙungiyar taurari coma berenis ko kuma aka sani da Berenices gashi Yana tsakanin 11h55m da 13h35m na madaidaiciyar tsayi kuma tsakanin +14º da +34º na raguwa.
Hakazalika, da zarar wannan yanki na sararin sama ya kasance, dole ne mu yi ƙoƙarin yin rajistar isosceles dama alwatika wanda uku daga cikin mafi girma. taurari, duk da haka su ne kawai na tsawo na huɗu: α ko 42 Com, β ko 43 Com da γ ko 15 Com.
Game da abin da ke sama, ƙungiyar taurari coma berenices ba ta da wani abu mai ban sha'awa, duk da ƙarfin tatsuniya da tarihin tarihi na Eratosthenes, wanda ba har sai 1602, lokacin da babban Tycho Brahe ya ba shi wani yanki a cikin ƙasa. cosmos. Mafi kyawun wakilci na iya ƙididdige abubuwan jan hankali kaɗan shine a yi gargaɗi tare da binoculars tare da manyan filayen da aka kwantar da hankalin dare ko tare da telescopes na aƙalla 14 cm na rami da ƙwanƙwasa ido na ƙananan kari.
A gefe guda, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa gungu na ƙungiyar taurari Coma Berenices, wanda aka yi godiya daga Duniya, yana kusa da 255 al, kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kusa da mu bayan na Big Dipper da Hyades.
Bugu da kari, shi ne a lokaci guda rafi na taurari, wanda ke motsawa dangane da Rana tare da gudun kusan kilomita 8 / s a cikin daidaitawa zuwa sanannun ƙungiyar taurari na Vela. Wannan yana tsakanin taurari β Leonis (Denebola) da α Canum Venaticorum (Cor Caroli). Hakazalika, inuwar taurarin da suka haɗa tari kewayo daga iri-iri A zuwa misalan K da M.
Tare da na'urar hangen nesa, baya ga gungu da aka kwatanta zuwa sama, fitaccen lambobi na taurari daga cikin mafi girma daga cikin waɗanda yawanci suna mamaye dukan ƙungiyar taurari, asali a kusurwar kudu maso yamma kuma a cikin wannan hanyar a cikin ƙungiyar taurari na Budurwa.
Constellation coma berenices: Manyan taurari
Ƙungiyar Coma Berenices tana riƙe da Pole na Arewa Galactic, a tsayi 12h 51,42m da lalata 27°07,8' (Julian zamanin 2000). Wannan yanki ba shi da haske na musamman, kuma ba shi da taurarin da suka fi haske fiye da na sararin samaniya na huɗu. Hakanan, β Koma Berenices Ita ce tauraro mafi haske a cikin taurari, mai girman 4,26. Yana da ɗan haske kaɗan fiye da Rana tamu, wanda ke ba mu tunanin yadda za a bambanta Rana daga ƴan shekaru kaɗan, tare da adadi mai ƙima shine shekarun haske 27.
A wata ma'ana, yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa tauraro na biyu mafi haske a cikin taurarin taurari na coma berenice shine wanda yawancin masana kimiyya da masu son sani suka sani da Diadema (α Comae Berenices). Dangane da haka, wannan tauraro yana da girman 4,32. Wanda ke wakiltar cewa fashewa a cikin kambi na Berenice shine a tauraro ninki biyu, wato yana gabatar da abubuwa guda biyu kusan daidai gwargwado. A kusa da abin da ke sama, ana zargin cewa ɗayan abubuwa biyu ne ke ɓoyewa.
A gefe guda, gaskiyar da ta dace ita ce ta ƙarshe na taurari na tsawo na huɗu a cikin cƙungiyar taurari Coma berenices babu shakka shine γ, wanda ke da girman kusan 4,36.
Mahimman abubuwan wakilcin sararin sama waɗanda ke cikin Constellation coma berenises
Ko da yake ƙungiyar taurari ba ta da faɗi, tana ɗauke da abubuwa takwas Messier. Wato wannan ƙungiyar taurari tana da wadatar taurarin taurari, tun da yake ta mamaye ɓangaren arewa na tarin Virgo. Ana iya bambanta da yawa daga cikin gungu masu siffar zobe. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ba su da ɗan kashewa da ƙura tunda ƙungiyar taurarin ba ta cikin al'amuran jirgin sama.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa lamarin ya kasance, saboda wannan gaskiyar, akwai gungu masu yawa da aka bude (sai dai idan aka kwatanta da Coma Berenice cluster, wanda ya mamaye arewacin arewacin kasar). taurari), m nebulae, ko na sama nebulae.
Tarin taurari coma berenises
A gefe guda, ƙungiyar taurari Coma Berenice cluster ba ta mallaki wani zaɓi na Messier ko NGC ba, amma yana cikin lissafin Melotte na gungu na waje, inda ake kira Melotte 111 (Honey 111). Faɗin tauraro ne mai faxi, mai ruɗi daga girma na biyar zuwa na goma, yana ɗauke da da yawa daga cikin kwari ganuwa ga ido tsirara a yankin.
Tarin yana jin daɗin bayyanar wani yanki mai ban mamaki, sama da digiri 5, kusa da γ Coma Berenices. Jikinta da ake zaton ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa yana kusa da shi, shekaru 270 ne kawai daga duniya. Tierra.
Asalin, juyin halitta da tatsuniya na ƙungiyar taurari coma berenices
An kula da ƙungiyar taurari Coma Berenices azaman mai asterism tun a zamanin d Girka. A wannan ma'anar, Eratosthenes ya kira ƙungiyar taurari kamar Cabellera de Ariadna da Coma Berenices. Yayin da a gefe guda, Claudius Ptolemy ya ambaci Copo (na gashi); ko ta yaya, bai sanya shi a cikin lissafin taurarin taurari 48 ba, yana tunaninsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na Leo.
Hakazalika, shekaru da yawa, Coma Berenices ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin dunƙule a ƙarshen Leo, wani lokacin kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na Virgo. Game da abin da ke sama, a cikin karni na XNUMX, wasu taswirori na sama ya ba da labarin abubuwa biyu masu ban tsoro, gano wasu taurari biyu, ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan Coma Berenices. Samuwar tauraro a zahiri an lissafta shi ga Tycho Brahe, wanda aka yi rajista a matsayin ƙungiyar taurari a jerinsa na 1602. Haka kuma ya bayyana a cikin Uranometria na Johann Bayer a shekara ta 1603.
Koyaya, Coma Berenices ƙungiyar taurari ce ta yanzu, tunda tana da alaƙa da tsohuwar almara. Yana daya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan taurari (tare da Scutum) waɗanda ke da laƙabi ga hoton tarihi, a wannan yanayin Sarauniya Berenice II ta Masar.
Maganar gaskiya ita ce sarauniyar ta ba wa gunkin Aphrodite hadayar yankan mamanta don dawowar sarki daga tafiya. Sa'ad da sarki ya dawo lafiya, sarauniya ta cika alkawari, ta yanke shi, ta bar shi a cikin Haikali. Washe gari sai gashi ya tafi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa don kwantar da hankali ga sarki da sarauniya, masanin falaki na kotu, Conon, yayi gargadin cewa allahiya ta gabatar da tayin a masarautar. na sama. Ya nuna tarin tauraro wanda a lokacin an gano shi da wutsiyar Leo, amma tun daga nan aka lasafta shi da Coma Berenices.
Ta yaya gashi ya koma sama don ba Coma Berenices yanki?
Labari yana da shi a wannan daren Berenice ya kashe hadaya, an koyi cewa an cire gashin daga cocin. Jita-jita sun lura da wani limamin coci mai sha'awar alloli na Masar, wanda ya fashe cikin fushi yayin da sarauniyar ta roƙi wata baiwar Allah ta Girka, amma babu wata hujja da ke nuna cewa shi ne kuma ɗayan ya rayu cikin fushi da taron.
A gefe guda kuma, masanin falaki Conón de Samos ya sami damar kwantar musu da hankali, yana nuna musu cewa jimillar taurari a cikin nau'i na gashi ya fito a wannan dare a cikin sararin sama, don haka ya fi yiwuwa cewa Aphrodite ya yaba da tayin ƙungiyar a matsayin Berenices har zuwa can.