Za ku san komai game da shiYaya tsarin hasken rana ya kasance?, Taurari, Rana, Tauraron Dan Adam, bayanin samuwarsu, Solar Nebula da dai sauransu.
Tsarin hasken rana
Bisa ga binciken da aka gudanar, an yi imanin cewa hanyar da aka samu tsarin Planetary System da girma ya fara kimanin shekaru miliyan hudu da dari shida da suka wuce. Lokacin da rugujewa ya faru wanda ke cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren sifa wanda ya motsa shi ta hanyar gravitation, yana ƙare har ya zama baƙar fata.
Wannan ya faru ne a cikin wani yanki mai tarin yawa na kwayoyin halitta. Mafi girman kaso na wannan gajimare da ya ruguje ya taru ne a tsakiya, a nan ne aka samu Tauraron Sarki, sauran kuma an baje su da siffar zobe."protoplanetary".
Sa'an nan kuma taurari, asteroids, watanni da sauran ƙananan kayan da aka samu a cikin tsarin duniyar sun kasance.
La Hasashen Nebular wanda aka yarda da shi sosai, Emanuel Swedenborg, Pierre-Simon Laplace da Immanuel Kant ne suka ƙirƙira a ƙarni na XNUMX.
Juyin halittarsa a tsawon lokaci ya danganta koyarwa daban-daban na nau'in kimiyya kamar kimiyyar lissafi, taurari, ilimin geology da kimiyyar taurari daban-daban.
Tare da zuwan "Space Age" a cikin shekara ta 1950 da kuma gano taurarin da ke wajen tsarin hasken rana, a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na karni na XNUMX, an sabunta waɗannan nassoshi don haɗa sababbin binciken.
La Samuwar Tsarin Rana yayi manyan canje-canje tun farkonsa. Tauraron dan adam sun kirkiro zoben gas da yashi wadanda suke tafiya tare da kewaye Taurari wanda suke bangarensu, da alama wasu Tauraron Dan Adam an halicce su ne daban-daban kuma bayan lokaci suka zama wani bangare na Planets da suke cikinsa.
Ana kuma tunanin cewa zai iya wucewa a matsayin Tauraron Dan Adam na Duniya, cewa asalinsa ya fito ne daga babban hatsari. Wadannan manyan rikice-rikice na abubuwa daban-daban suna faruwa sau da yawa, suna da mahimmanci ga canje-canje a cikin tsarin duniya.
Ma'anar taurari yana da ƙaura akai-akai. Imani na yanzu shine cewa duk wannan ƙaura na taurari ne ke da alhakin ci gaban Tsarin Duniya da wuri.
horo na farko
An raba shi zuwa bayanin game da Nebula Solar.
sun nebula
Hasashen da ake tunani a lokacin Samuwar Tsarin Rana Ka'idar ce ta ba da shawarar cewa an halicce ta ne da gajimaren kura da ke sararin samaniya.
Wannan "gajimare” shine ra'ayin Emanuel Swedenborg a farkon. Immanuel Kant a shekara ta 1775, tare da ilimin da yake da shi daga aikin da Swedenborg ya yi, ya haifar da zato mai zurfi. Akwai kuma irin wannan hasashe wanda Pierre Simo Laplace ya yi daban-daban a cikin 1796.
Ka'idar da ta bayyana Samuwar Taurari Laplace ya fara bayyana a shekara ta 1644 ADya ce a lokacin da Planetary System aka halitta a kusa da ".biliyan hudu shekaru miliyan dari shida” sakamakon karo ne inda abubuwa suka tunkari juna suka hadu a cikin wani katon gajimare na kwayoyin halitta.
Wannan gizagizai tabbas an riga an yi shi da shekaru masu yawa na haske kuma an samu taurari da yawa a cikinsa.
Wannan al'amari daga waje yana da dusar ƙanƙara, meteorites daga baya da aka yi nazari sun jefar da ragowar kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ba za a iya samu ba a cikin tsakiyar manyan taurari da suka zo su fashe, wanda ya bayyana a fili cewa a cikin halin da ake ciki. An halicci rana a cikin supernovae na kusa.
Ƙunƙarar da ke haifar da karo da supernovae na iya zama sanadin yadda Rana ta kasance, ta hanyar samar da sassa masu yawa a cikin gajimare da ke makwabtaka da juna, wanda ya haifar da lalata juna.
A cikin sanarwar manema labarai daga shekara ta 2009, ya yi iƙirarin cewa Rana ta fara samuwarta ne ta hanyar haɗa nau'ikan abubuwan da suka shafi hasken rana tsakanin ɗari biyar zuwa dubu uku, tare da radius na parsecs ɗaya da uku (ma'aunin da ake amfani da shi a ilimin taurari).
Da wannan ake tunanin cewa taurarin da aka halicce su a cikin wannan rukunin, tare da lokaci da shekaru sun rabu. A cewar labarin, an ce wani ɓangare na waɗannan taurari tsakanin goma zuwa sittin, suna cikin radius na parsecs 100. Kewaye da Rana
Akwai daya daga cikin wadannan sassa na iskar gas da suka ruguje (mai suna "Protosolar Nebula"), shi ne sanadin samuwar Rana, yankin yana da diamita dubu bakwai zuwa dubu ashirin AU (astronomical unit).
Samun girman ƙila ya fi ma'aunin Rana girma, kusan "1.001 da 1,1 na kwayoyin halitta".
Gaskanta cewa tsarin mulkinsa yayi kama da samuwar da Rana ta samu a yau: matsakaicin kashi casa'in da takwas na hydrogen da sinadarin helium da ake samu tun lokacin Big Bang, tare da kashi biyu cikin dari na barbashi tare da manyan pes, wadanda sune ragowar. na taurarin kakanni waɗanda suka mutu kuma aka fitar da su aka koma sararin samaniya.
A lokacin da irin wannan gajimare ya rushe, komai ya fara tafiya da sauri. Abubuwan da ke cikin gajimaren sun fara dunkulewa, a ciki ne atom din ke karo da juna, suna gudanar da samar da makamashin da ya rikide zuwa zafi.
A cikin tsakiyar tsakiya, inda aka samo adadi mai yawa, yawan zafin jiki ya karu, ya zarce na zobe mafi kusa.
Duk waɗannan runduna tare da nauyi, gami da matsin lamba da iskar gas ke yi, filin maganadisu da motsi sun ɗauki mataki a gabansa, gajimare, lokacin da aka yi kwangila, ya fara aikin lallashewa, yana samar da wani nau'in. faifan protoplanetary yana da ma'auni na AU ɗari biyu a diamita. Tare da "protostar” wanda ke da zafi mai tsayi da kauri a kasa.
Analysis na taurari "T Tauri". Waɗanda ba su da ɗan lokaci, sun ƙunshi abubuwan da ba a narke ba daga hasken rana waɗanda ake tunanin daidai da barbashi na Rana a wannan lokaci na canji, akwai alamun cewa an haɗa su da zobba na kayan da aka riga aka sani.
Zoben suna da nisa mai nisa daga AU kuma zafinsu yayi ƙasa sosai, ya kai kusan dubu K a mafi girman zafinsu.
Bayan shekaru miliyan dari, matsa lamba da zafin jiki a tsakiyar Rana sun yi yawa har hydrogen ya fara haɗuwa tare, wanda ya haifar da haihuwar makamashi na ciki wanda ya daidaita sha'awar raguwar nauyi har sai an cimma daidaito. .
A wannan lokacin ne Rana ta zama sabon Tauraro.
A mahaɗin girgije, ƙura da tururi (wanda shine nebula), shine inda aka yi imani da cewa Samuwar Taurari. A halin yanzu wannan shine abin da ake tunani game da yadda aka halicci taurari kuma yana dauke da sunan "Acretion".
Inda Taurari suka fara farawa kamar ƙura a ciki Birita kewaye da tsakiyar protostar, wanda da farko an kafa shi ta hanyar dangantaka kai tsaye tare da saitin kilomita 1 zuwa 10 a diamita.
A daidai wannan lokacin sun yi karo da juna don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi masu girman girman "(planetesimals)", aunawa kusan kilomita biyar, wanda tare da girgiza iri ɗaya ya karu kusan cm goma sha biyar a kowace shekara don duk miliyoyin shekaru da suka shude.
Cikin tsarin duniyar duniyar yana da yanayin zafi sosai ta yadda kwayoyin halitta masu canzawa za su iya haduwa wuri guda, kamar yadda ake yi da kwayoyin ruwa da methane, shi ya sa “planetesimals” da aka halicce su a wannan wuri suna da girman da bai kai ba. babba sosai, kawai suna da 0,6% na ƙarar zobe.
An haɗa da farko na abubuwan da ke da babban kaso a cikin masana'anta, kamar ƙarfe da silicates. Da yawa daga baya waɗannan abubuwan da aka sassaƙa da dutse suka zama taurarin ƙasa.
Girman da ke kan Jupiter bai yarda da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin protoplanetary da ke wurin ba, yana ƙarewa daga "bel na asteroid".
Bayan wani lokaci, inda aka sami gefen sanyaya, abubuwan da suka haɗa da iskar gas sun sami damar ci gaba da kasancewa tare da su, taurarin Saturn da Jupiter sun yi nasarar tattara abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka fi waɗanda na duniya suka tara, domin su ne. mai yawa.
Sun yi nasarar zama babban tururiA daya bangaren kuma, taurarin Uranus da Neptune sun yi nasarar tattara kadan daga cikin wannan sinadari, sun sanya masa suna. babban sanyi, suna tunanin cewa a tsakiya suna da hydrogen kawai.
A farkon Rana, tururi da ƙurar zoben protoplanetary sun bazu ko'ina cikin sararin samaniya, sun ba da dakata ga juyin halitta ta hanyar haɓakawa.
Taurari na T Tauri suna da iskar hasken rana da ƙarfi fiye da na taurarin da suka tsufa kuma suna da kwanciyar hankali.
Matsaloli tare da Samfurin Nebula na Solar
Matsala ɗaya tare da "samfurin nebula na hasken rana" yana da alaƙa da ƙarfin kusurwa. Tare da yawancin al'amuran da ke cikin tsarin da ke kewaye da girgijen da ke cikin motsi, binciken ya yi la'akari da cewa yawancin motsi na wannan tsarin ya kasance a cikin wuri.
Motsin Rana yana da ƙarancin gudu kamar yadda aka ƙaddara, saboda taurari suna da kusan kashi casa'in cikin ɗari na motsin motsin motsi, wannan yana faruwa duk da cewa suna da kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na kayan aikin tsarin.
Dangane da haka, an sami amsa, abin da ya haifar da raguwar saurin ci gaba a cikin tsakiya shi ne tashe-tashen hankulan da ya haifar da kurar kura a babban zoben.
Babbar matsala ce da aka gabatar a cikin "gajimaren gas” game da wurin da Taurari suke. Planets Neptune da Uranus suna cikin wani yanki inda daidaitawarsu ke da mafi ƙarancin karɓuwa, saboda ƙarancin ɗanɗanowar girgije a cikin mafi yawan lokutan yawo a cikin sashin.
Taurari da har yanzu suke cikin yanayin zafi da ake hangowa suna kewaye da sauran taurari, mai yiyuwa ne halittarsu ba ta kasance a inda suke a halin yanzu ba, idan har sun samo asali ne daga gajimare.
Ana iya samun amsar wannan matsala ta hanyar ƙaurawar duniyoyi, inda a koyaushe suna da wurare daban-daban dangane da lokacin da suke game da Rana, suna iya neman kusanci ko ƙaura daga gare ta.
Abubuwan musamman na Planets na iya zama matsala. Ka'idar samfurin "girgije" ta yi gargadin cewa taurari a gaba ɗaya suna da halittarsu daidai a cikin Jirgin Elliptical. Abin da ba ya faruwa a cikin hanyar mafi tsufa taurari da suke da dan kadan karkata.
A cikin taurarin da ba su da dutse, amma gaseous, an yi hasashen cewa motsinsu da tsarin tauraron dan adam ba su da wata karkata dangane da jirgin sama na elliptical, amma Planet Uranus a cikin wannan yanayin yana karkata da digiri casa'in da takwas.
Tauraron Dan Adam na Lunar yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da Duniyar Duniya da sauran taurarin dan Adam da ke tafiya ba bisa ka'ida ba dangane da Duniyar su, wannan wata matsala ce. Abin da ake tunani shi ne cewa wannan yanayin yana da bayani game da abin da ya faru bayan halittar tsarin duniya.
Ƙimar Shekaru
Masana kimiyya suna da lissafi wanda a cikinsa suke tunanin cewa tsarin duniyar duniya yana tara kimanin shekaru dubu hudu da dari shida. An gano duwatsu a Duniyar Duniya wanda zai iya zama shekaru XNUMX.
Ire-iren wadannan tsaffin duwatsu ba kasafai ake samun su ba, domin a kodayaushe ana samun sauye-sauye a saman duniya saboda yanayin yanayi, aman wuta, da zamewar faranti.
Don ƙididdige kimanin shekaru na tsarin duniya, masana kimiyya suna amfani da samfurori na meteorites, waɗanda aka yi imanin cewa an samo su tun farkon halittar "nebula".
Akwai meteorite na "Diablo Canyon” wanda yana daya daga cikin mafi dadewa, wanda ya zama misali, wanda zai iya kai shekaru dubu hudu da dari shida, daga nan ne ake yin lissafin cewa tsarin duniyoyi dole ne su sami irin wannan shekarun.
Daga baya Juyin Halitta
Da farko an yi imani da cewa Planets an kafa su ne a matsayin da suke a yanzu ko kuma a nesa kusa. An canza wannan ka'idar sosai a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na karni na karshe da kuma wani ɓangare na karnin da muke ciki.
A halin yanzu an yi imanin cewa tsarin duniyar yana da wani ra'ayi a lokacin halittarsa, yana da abubuwa biyar a cikinsu akwai Planet Mercury, wanda ke cikin tsarin tare da sauran taurari hudu.
Tsarin duniyar da ke cikin ɓangaren waje ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake a yanzu, amma ga "Kuiper Belt" a wannan lokacin yana cikin wani wuri mafi waje daga inda ya fara.
Masana kimiyya suna tunanin cewa karo wani abu ne na al'ada da ya kamata ya faru, ba shakka idan ba a bi su ba. Ya kamata a koyaushe a tuna cewa Moon ya kasance daya daga cikinsu ne, kuma tsarin Pluto-Charon ya kasance sakamakon karo na barbashi daga "Kuiper Belt".
Ana tunanin cewa sauran tauraron dan adam da ke kewaye da asteroids da sauran al'amuran "Kuiper Belt» martani ne kawai na girgiza.
Za a yi rikici koyaushe, samfurin shine tasirin Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 tare da Planet Jupiter a 1994 da hatimin da Meteor Crater ya bari lokacin da ya faɗi a Arizona, Amurka.
Tsarin Duniya na ciki
A halin yanzu an yi imanin cewa a lokacin da Planet Earth ke kafawa ta sami babban karo tare da wani sinadari mai girman duniyar Mars.
Daga nan ne aka halicci wata. Wannan ka’idar ta ce wannan sinadari da ya yi karo da duniya an samu shi ne a wani dunkulewar da ke tsakanin Duniya da Tauraron Sarki, mai suna “Lagrange”, bayan da ya yi karo sai ya karkatar da hanyarsa.
Bishiyar bel
Akwai hasashengajimaren rana", yana cewa "Asteroid bel" a farkon yana da adadin abubuwan da suka wajaba don ƙirƙirar duniya, kasancewar gaskiya, da yawa planetesimals sun sami damar girma.
Ba batun Jupiter ba ne ya kasance yana da halittarsa kafin a samar da taurarin taurari. Raƙuman ruwa na orbital da Jupiter, sune ke jagorantar sararin samaniyar Asteroid Belt.
Wadannan resonances sun raba planetesimals daga "Asteroid Belt" ko kuma kiyaye ƙunƙun bel na orbital wanda ya hana su kafa kansu. Abin da ya rage shine ragowar planetesimals waɗanda aka halicce su a farkon tsarin duniya.
Jupiter ya haifar da wani adadi mai yawa na al'amarin da ya samo asali daga "Asteroid Belt" ya watse, ya bar wani abu kawai kamar 1/10 na al'amarin da ya yi kama da girman Planet Earth. Asarar wannan al'amari shine dalilin da ya hana "Asteroid Belt zama Planet.
Abubuwan da ke da tarin yawa suna da babban filin nauyi don dakatar da tserewa daga al'amuransu saboda rashin zato da tashin hankali.
Wannan shari'ar ba ta zama ruwan dare a cikin Asteroid Belt ba. Don haka, akwai abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka ɓarke guda, yawanci abubuwan da suka kasance na baya-bayan nan ana fitar da su cikin ƙaramin girgiza.
Ana iya ganin shaida a cikin girgizar tauraron dan adam da ke kewaye da asteroids, a halin yanzu wannan yana da amsoshi ta hanyar ƙarfafa kayan da suka ƙunshi nau'i na farko da aka saki wanda ba shi da dukan ƙarfin fita daga can.
Taurari na waje
Daga cikin taurarin waje akwai: "Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, Uranus."
gas kato
Akwai manyan protoplanet waɗanda suke da girman isa sun ƙunshi iskar gas na zoben "protoplanetary", suna tunanin cewa za a iya fahimtar kayansu na kayan aiki daga wurin da suke a cikin zoben, wannan shine bayani mai sauƙi don fahimtar sauran tsarin taurari.
Jupiter shi ne na farko planetesimal, shi ne wanda ya kai ga mafi muhimmanci al'amari na kama helium gas da hydrogen gas, shi ne wanda yake a cikin ciki matsayi (yin kwatanta da kewayen da ke rabu da Rana), a. wannan lokacin raƙuman ruwa na orbital sun fi sauri. Girman zoben ya fi girma kuma girgiza ta faru sau da yawa.
Jupiter, kasancewar Jovian, ya fi girma saboda ya kama wani adadi mai yawa na iskar hydrogen da iskar helium a cikin dogon lokaci, kuma Planet Saturn ta bi shi.
Wadannan duniyoyi biyu sun hada da hydrogen da helium, wanda shine iskar gas da suka tara da kashi 97% da 90% na al'amarin.
Sauran biyun"protoplanets” wadanda su ne Uranus da Neptune kawai sun samu matsananciyar girma don tsayawa bayan wani lokaci, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa basu da isassun iskar gas, a halin yanzu yana nufin kashi uku ne kawai na jimillar kwayoyin halittarsu.
A ci gaba da shakar iskar gas, a wannan lokaci ana tunanin tsarin duniyar waje ya kunshi ƙaura na taurari.
Ta wannan hanyar nauyi na waɗannan duniyoyin ya hana sararin samaniyar abubuwan da ke cikin "Kuiper Belt”, da yawa sun yi ƙaura zuwa cikin duniyar duniyar Saturn, Neptune da Uranus, kamar yadda Jupiter ke yawan fitar da waɗannan abubuwa daga tsarin duniyar.
A ƙarshe, an haɗa Jupiter cikin ciki, yayin da Saturn, Neptune da Uranus suka koma waje. A cikin 2004, an yi wahayi game da wannan tsari wanda ya haifar da tsarin tsarin duniya na yanzu.
Tare da sabuntawar kwamfuta, an ƙirƙiri na'urorin kwaikwayo na Jupiter da Saturn, wanda ya sa aka san cewa Jupiter ya fara ɗaukar adadin da bai wuce tagwayen taurari biyu na Star King ba wanda Uranus da Neptune suka kama a lokacin da Saturn ya yi juyin juya hali.
Wannan hanyar ƙaura za ta sanya Duniyar Jupiter da Saturn a cikin raƙuman ruwa na 2:1 (resonance) lokacin da lokacin kammala kewayawar Jupiter zai ɗauki rabin lokacin Saturn.
Wadannan raƙuman ruwa za su sanya Uranus da Neptune a cikin sararin samaniya, suna iya samun yuwuwar kashi hamsin cikin ɗari don yin motsi na kewaye. Duniyar da ta ɗauki matsayi mafi girma ita ce Neptune kuma ana iya turawa waje, daga "Kuiper Belt" kamar yadda yake a farkon.
Dangantakar da ta biyo baya ta Planets da “Kuiper Belt” bayan Taurari Saturn da Jupiter sun haye igiyar ruwa ta 2:1 ta fallasa nau’ukan tazarar sararin samaniya da karkatar da tsakiyar Manyan Taurari masu Girma.
Saturn da Uranus sun ƙare a wannan matsayi dangane da Jupiter da kwatankwacin da ke tsakanin su, Neptune ya zauna a matsayin da yake a halin yanzu tun lokacin da wannan matsayi ya fara "Kuiper Belt".
Yaduwar abubuwan "Kuiper Belt" ya bayyana yadda aka kai harin bam a hankali wanda ya faru kimanin shekaru miliyan hudu da suka wuce.
Tashin Bama-bamai
Dukkanin tsarin da Inner Planets suka aiwatar a lokacin da suke kafawa, ana iya cewa wani nau'in bam ne.
Marigayi Babban Bam
Bayan an tsabtace zobe na gas tare da iska ta hasken rana, da yawa planetesimals sun tsaya a baya ba tare da samun karbuwa daga wani jikin duniya ba.
Masana kimiyya sun yi tunanin cewa asalin wannan yawan an samo su ne bayan taurari na waje, inda lokutan "planetesimal adhesion" ya fi girma kuma samuwar kowace duniya kafin yaduwar iskar gas ya kasance mai wuya.
Duniyar da ake kira babban giant tana da alaƙa da wannan teku.planetesimal", watsar da ƙananan sassa na dutse zuwa ciki, a lokaci guda ya tafi tare da motsi zuwa waje.
Taurari na duniya sun ƙare suna watse daga duniya ta gaba, suna faruwa abin da ya faru a baya, sannan kuma suna ƙoƙari tare da wata duniyar, yayin da waɗannan taurari ke motsawa a cikin kewayarsu zuwa waje, a lokaci guda taurarin sun shiga ciki.
A taƙaice, wannan fassarar duniyar ta haifar da kasada mai ban sha'awa a cikin rugujewar alaƙa da matasan taurari biyu na farko, waɗanda aka riga aka yi suna.
Amma sauran duniyoyi biyu, da sauri suka jagorance su tare da wasu motsi zuwa waje, don yin hulɗa da tekun planetesimals.
Duk wannan juzu'i na taurarin taurari an ɗauke su zuwa ɓangaren ciki, don saduwa da abin da ke cikin tsarin duniyar duniyar, wanda ke da girma akai-akai, yana samun girgiza da yawa a cikin duk wani abu na duniyar duniyar da duniyar wata da ke iya isa. Sunan wannan matakiƘarfin Bama-bamai Da Aka Dakata”.
Don haka ya kasance waɗannan taurarin rookie, musamman na biyu na ƙarshe, sun ƙare da duk abin da ke cikin zobe. Wataƙila sa su ɗauki kwas ɗin zuwa ƙarshen "Oort Cloud" mai nisa kusan dubu hamsin AU.
Hakanan canza kewayawa a wasu lokatai don yin tasiri ga sauran taurari kuma yana iya zama cewa sun kasance a kan hanya akai-akai kamar yadda yanayin "Asteroid Belt."
An gudanar da lokacin tashin bama-bamai masu nauyi na wasu shekaru miliyan dari, wanda ya bar tambarinsa a kan ramuka daban-daban, wanda ya rage a matsayin shaida idan aka lura da shi a cikin al'amuran da ba su da rai a tsarin duniya.
Wataƙila ya fi shahara, tashin bom da rikici tsakanin "planetesimals"da"protoplanets” mai yiyuwa ne ya zama sanadin halittar tauraron dan adam, tauraruwar tauraron dan adam, irin su karkata axial da ba zato ba tsammani a cikin fassarori masu jituwa.
Ramukan da ba su ƙididdigewa da ake samu a cikin Wata da sauran manyan kayan da ke cikin tsarin duniya, duk wannan ana iya shaidawa.
Babban hadarin da ya ba da "protoplanet" tare da matakan kama da na Planet Mars an ce ya haifar da wani katon tauraron dan adam da ke duniya.
Wanda halayensa suka yi kama da wannan, kuma zai iya zama sanadin canza yanayin jujjuyawar wannan duniyar, wanda a halin yanzu yana da 23,5° dangane da kewayenta.
A wannan yanayin"rana girgije” Taurari suna da hanya ɗaya kawai don ɗaukar tauraron dan adam.
da tauraron dan adam na Mars suna da ƴan girma kuma an baje su, a fili suke asteroids ne kuma akwai kuma wasu samfuran tauraron dan adam da aka kama waɗanda aka samu a wasu sabbin tsarin kwanan nan.
Hanyoyin sadarwa na al'ada na Jupiter suna haifar da wani jiki wanda ke cikin "Bishiyar bel” kuma ya hana ta canza yanayinta da kuma hanyarta zuwa wata duniyar duniya mai mahimmanci.
Wani babban yanki na wannan jikin ya kasance a cikin tawayoyin da ba a saba gani ba suna karo da wasu abubuwa; Girman al'amarin da ke cikin "Asteroid Belt" a yau bai kai kashi goma na girman kwayoyin halitta ba.
Kuiper Belt da Oort Cloud
Kuiper Belt asalin sashe ne na yanki na zahiri na kwayoyin halitta wanda ke cikin daskararru, wanda ba shi da isassun daidaiton atomic don ƙarfafa ta.
Yana iya yiwuwa gefen ɓangaren ciki ya kasance a wancan gefen Planet Uranus da Neptune a halittarsa. Tare da kewayon kusan goma sha biyar zuwa ashirin AU.
Matsanancin ma'aunin gefen ya kai kusan AU talatin. Kuiper Belt a farkonsa ya narke abubuwan da suka kai ga tsarin duniyar waje, wannan ya sa rayuwar duniya ta fara.
Ƙwararrun taurarin da aka ambata a baya ya sa Neptune ta haye Kuiper Belt, wanda ke haifar da babban ɓangaren abubuwan.
Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan an shimfiɗa su a ciki, har sai sun haɗa da Jupiter kuma an sanya su a cikin wani yanayi mai mahimmanci, wasu kuma an fitar da su daga tsarin duniya.
Abubuwan da suka ƙare a cikin elliptical orbits sun haɗa da samuwar Girgijin Oort. A baya, akwai abubuwan da Neptune suka jefar da su, suna samar da zobe mai warwatse, tare da wannan ya bayyana a fili cewa "Kuiper Belt” yana da ƙaramin ƙara don wannan lokacin.
A cikin wannan"Kuiper Belt” An samu abubuwa da yawa da ke kara wa Pluto, wadanda karfin nauyi ya ajiye a cikin falakin Neptune, yana tura su cikin falaki tare da resonances.
Supernovae maƙwabta sun yi tasiri ga haɓakar Tsarin Duniya da kuma gajimare masu tsaka-tsaki suma sun yi haɗin gwiwa.
Bangaren waje na abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin duniyar duniyar sun sami haɓaka nau'in sararin samaniya wanda iskar hasken rana ke motsa shi, ƙananan meteorites masu girma, da kuma abubuwan tsaka-tsakin yanayi, akwai tasirin da ya kasance mai wucewa kamar supernovae. da wasu girgizar asa.
Beth E. Clark, na ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyyar da ke neman bayanai game da yanayin sararin samaniya da kuma zaizayar sa, ba tare da ƙarfafa bambance-bambancen da aka ayyana ga tsarin duniyar waje ba.
Akwai tabbacin da "Stardust" ya kawo wanda ya dawo daga "Comet Wild 2" ya nuna cewa gawarwakin da aka halicce su a farkon tsarin duniya sun koma "Kuiper Belt", kuma sun yi hijirar yashi wanda aka samo tun da daɗewa. an halicci tsarin duniya.
Satellites
Jikin da aka samu ta dabi'a, ana samun su a cikin tsarin taurari, babban sashi daga cikinsu yana kewaye da manyan taurari da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin duniyar. Asalin waɗannan “watan na halitta” suna da dalilai guda uku masu yiwuwa na wanzuwa:
Kwarewa daga zobe na "protoplanetary", wannan ya zama ruwan dare a cikin taurari waɗanda ba su da duwatsu.
Samuwar daga ragowar, haifar da babban ra'ayi a cikin kusurwar waje da kuma kamawa a cikin hanyar wasu abubuwa.
Gas kusan ko da yaushe suna tare da wata da aka halitta ta hanyar "protoplanetary" zobe.
Saboda girman girman wadannan Tauraron Dan Adam da kuma kusancinsu da Taurari, aikin da ba zai yiwu ba ta hanyar iskar gas da ke aiki ta hanyar tarkacen girgiza, ba tare da samun damar yin amfani da su ba.
Tauraron dan Adam wadanda ba sa cikin Taurari masu yawa wadanda ruwa ya ke samuwa, ko da yaushe kanana ne kuma suna da kewayawa da ba su isa ba. Waɗannan halayen sun zama ruwan dare a cikin kayan da aka kama.
Idan aka zo"Taurari waɗanda ba ruwa suke yi ba"da sauran abubuwa masu ƙarfi na tsarin duniya, waɗanda galibi su ne masu yin "Satellites"Saboda rabon abubuwan da girgizar ke turawa, suna ƙarewa a cikin kewayawa da haɗawa zuwa ɗaya ko daban."Satellites".
Da wannan ka'idar an yi imani da cewa haka ne aka halicci Moon of Planet Earth.
"Satellites" bayan an halicce su za su ci gaba da juyin halitta. Ana iya ganin abin da ke faruwa a cikin tekuna da kuma canje-canjen da ke faruwa a cikin yanayi da kuma a kan ƙananan ƙananan canje-canje suna faruwa a duniya.
Idan duniyar duniyar ta yi sauri fiye da kewayawar wata, igiyoyin ruwa za su yi tafiya a gaban wata. Saboda haka nauyi zai girma kuma ya sanya "Tauraron Dan Adam” yi sauri kuma a hankali ku nisanta daga Duniya kamar yadda yake faruwa da Wata.
Lokacin da wata ya fi duniya sauri ko kuma ya juya akasin haka, bambancin zai kasance a bayan wata, yana samun karuwar nauyi wanda a ƙarshe zai sa wata ya ragu.
Me ke faruwa da"foob” wata duniyar Mars, wanda ke gangarowa a hankali.
Taurari kuma suna iya haifar da hawan igiyar ruwa daga wata, wanda hakan zai haifar da raguwar motsin wata har sai ya kai lokacin jujjuyawa ta hanyar sanya shi a wuri guda na canji.
Ta haka ne wata zai sanya daya daga cikin sifofinsa tare da hangen nesa zuwa Duniya, kamar yadda yake faruwa da wata tare da Duniya.
Sunan da aka ba wa wannan tsari shine "jujjuyawar aiki tare” kuma yana aiki a kan wasu watanni na tsarin taurari, kamar yadda yake akan Tauraron Dan Adam na Jupiter. Pluto da Charon suna aiki tare ta hanyar igiyar ruwa na ɗayan, Planet da wata suna aiki tare.
Future
Idan babu wani abu da ba daidai ba kuma daga wurin ya faru, kamar yadda ya faru tare da rami na baki ko wani taron tare da Taurari a cikin sarari
Kwararrun masanan taurari sun kiyasta cewa tsarin duniyar kamar yadda yake a yau zai iya yin rayuwa na shekaru miliyan, wanda a lokacin zai fuskanci canje-canje masu tsanani.
Zobba na Planet Saturn sababbi ne kuma an yi alkalumman cewa zai rayu kusan shekaru miliyan dari uku ne kawai.
Filin nauyi na watanni daban-daban da duniyar Saturn ke da shi a hankali zai share gefen zobba na waje kuma zai kai shi zuwa duniyar duniyar, yana ƙarewa tare da abrasion saboda meteorites kuma filin nauyi zai ci gaba da aikin, ana barin shi ba tare da sifa ba. zobba.
Akwai ra'ayoyin da aka yi ba da dadewa ba, suna magana game da shaidar da Cassini-Huygens manufa ta haifar, wanda ke tunanin akasin haka, inda suka nuna cewa waɗannan zoben suna da tsawon rai, wasu biliyoyin shekaru.
Lokacin da kimanin shekaru biliyan 1,4 zuwa biliyan 3,5 suka wuce kirga daga yanzu, wani lamari na iya faruwa, wanda watan Neptune, "Triton”, wanda a wannan lokacin yana da yanayin tafiyar hawainiya dangane da sararin sararin samaniyarsa, tare da rugujewa da ke kewaye da abokinsa.
Wanda ya ruguje a bakin"Roche" na Planet Neptune, tare da fushi a cikin igiyar ruwa wanda ya sa wata ya rabu, ya bar wani tsari mai yawa na zobe a kusa da Planet, wani abu mai kama da Planet na Saturn.
Saboda gogayya da igiyar ruwa a kan kujerar ruwa, a hankali wata yana ci gaba da motsawa nan take zuwa Duniyar Duniya; yana haifar da jinkirin ja da baya na wata game da Duniya, tare da madaidaicin mm talatin da takwas a kowace shekara.
A halin yanzu wannan yana faruwa, kiyaye "kusurwa da sauri” ya cim ma cewa motsin Duniyar ya ragu, wanda hakan ya sa kwanakin suka dawwama, suna karuwa da dakika daya a kowace shekara dubu sittin. A cikin kimanin shekaru biliyan biyu, kewayawar wata zai kai matsayin da ake kira "juya da kewaye resonance".
A wannan lokacin Duniya da Wata za su yi aiki tare game da tekuna. Daidaita lokutan wata da na duniya, hadewa da jujjuyawar duniya da fuskar wata zai kasance a gaban duniya a koda yaushe, sabanin haka.
Juyin Halitta Rana
Rana tana da haɓaka a cikin haske a cikin adadin kashi goma a kowace shekara biliyan. Ana tunanin cewa a cikin shekaru biliyan daya, za a sami nau'in "sakamako na greenhouse” ba tare da takura ba a cikin Duniyar Duniya wanda ya sa tekuna suka fara fitar da ruwa.
Duk abin da ke da rai a waje zai fita, kuma za a iya samun rayuwa a cikin zurfin Tekun; watakila saura kamar yadda shine mafi girman wata na Saturn "Titan".
Titan, a halin yanzu, wurin damina ne inda samansa ke da filayen dunƙule, inda ake samun manyan guguwa daga ƙarshe waɗanda ke haifar da lagoons, kuma tare da mafi ƙarancin adadin ruwan da aka samu a cikin matsananci, ragowar ya ɓace a cikin sararin samaniya kuma ya lalace. ta hanyar hasken rana.
A cikin kimanin shekaru dubu uku da dari biyar, Duniyar Duniya za ta yi kamanceceniya da Planet Venus kamar yadda take a yau; tekuna za su kumfa zuwa iyakar, ba za a iya samun wani nau'i na rayuwa ba.
A wannan lokacin yanayi a duniyar Mars zai kasance yana da zafi mai yawa, ruwan da ke waje zai fara ƙafewa kuma carbon dioxide zai daskare.
Sun yi kiyasin cewa a cikin kimanin shekaru biliyan shida, za a kwashe ma’adanar hydrogen da aka samu a tsakiyar Sarkin Star kuma za a fara amfani da wanda aka samu a sama.
Waɗanda ba su da kauri, idan aka yi la'akari da shekaru miliyan dubu bakwai da ɗari shida masu zuwa, za ta rikiɗe zuwa wata babbar ƙwallon ja, mai ƙanƙara.
Rana za ta fadada kuma ta nade kewaye da Mercury da Venus, watakila kuma Planet Earth.
A wannan lokacin da Rana za ta zama kamar wata babbar jar ball kuma za ta kasance haka na dogon lokaci, suna tunanin cewa kimanin shekaru miliyan ɗari, tare da ma'auni dari biyu da hamsin da shida girma fiye da yadda take a yau, zai kasance. diamita na 1,2 AU. Da haske fiye da dubu biyu da ɗari uku fiye da yanzu.
A cikin wannan zamani, tabbas taurari da watannin da ke kewaye da "Kuiper Belt” kamar yadda Pluto da Charon suka yi, za su sami yanayi mai dadi ta yadda za su zama teku da fatan za su samu muhalli mai kama da wanda ‘yan Adam ke bukatar rayuwa tare.
Duniya za ta sha wahala sosai saboda halin yanzu na hasken rana, yanayin ba zai sake wanzuwa ba, saboda duk sararin saman zai cika da tekun lava inda kawai ƙarfe oxides zai yi iyo, manyan wuraren karafa da "refractory element glaciers”, tare da yanayin zafi da zai iya wuce digiri dubu biyu.
Kusanci na sararin samaniyar duniyar wata zai cimma cewa tauraron dan adam za a toshe shi ko da a ce an kewaye wata da nisan kilomita dubu goma sha takwas daga doron kasa, iyakar "Roche”, lokacin da girman duniya zai ƙare tare da wata ya canza shi zuwa zobba masu kama da zoben Saturn.
Ƙarshen tsarin duniyar wata ba shi da tabbas kuma ya dogara da abin da ke ɓacewa daga Rana a waɗannan lokutan ƙarshe na canji.
Sauran Ayyuka
A cikin kusan shekaru biliyan uku, za mu sami Rana a matsayin jagora a cikin magajin, "Andromeda” za su sami kusanci da wannan Duniya, sannan su haifar da rikici ta hanyar shiga ta.
Wannan yana iya haifar da lalacewa ga tsarin duniyar gaba ɗaya, yana iya yiwuwa ba zai taɓa Rana ko wasu taurari ba saboda nisan da suke da shi, koda kuwa girgiza ce a cikin galaxy. Mai yuwuwa, tsarin duniyar za a fitar da shi daga wurinsa kuma ya ƙare a cikin sabon da'irar galaxy.
Bayan lokaci mai tsawo, kasancewar Rana ta riga ta mutu kuma ta canza saboda ba ta da kuzari, akwai yiwuwar wani tauraro zai ratsa ta cikin tsarin duniyar don lalata shi, wani abu da ya saba da shi.
Kamar yadda tsare-tsaren da ke kai mu ga wani babban gigita ko ka'idar fadada ba su cika ba, a cikin dubban shekaru masu zuwa nauyin tauraron da ke wucewa kusa da wannan tsarin zai yi nasarar samun taurarinsa daga Rana.
Dukansu suna iya samun damar zama na tsawon shekaru masu yawa, wannan zai zama ƙarshen tsarin duniyar ta hanyar da ba a taɓa gani ba.
Tarihin Hasashe akan Samuwar Tsarin Rana
A cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na karni na XNUMX, nazarin Kant-Laplace nebular ya jawo koke-koke da yawa daga masanin kimiyya James Clerk Maxwell.
Wane ne ya nuna cewa da a ce abubuwan da ke cikin taurarin da aka sani da gaske sun ratsa ta hanyar rarrabawa da ke kewaye da Rana suna yin zobe, da dakarun ƙungiyoyin ban-banci sun toshe tarzoma na taurari masu zaman kansu.
Akwai wani koke, wanda shine Rana yana da ƙarancin kuzari fiye da wanda ake kira da samfurin Kant-Laplace.
Akwai shekaru da yawa da masana kimiyya, ƙwararrun masana ilmin taurari, suka yi ittifaqi a kan ka'idar girgizar da ke makwabtaka da ita, wanda ya kamata a ce game da samuwar Taurari ta Duniya saboda kusancin taurari zuwa Sarkin Taurari.
Da wannan kusantar, da an ware wani yanki mai kyau na abubuwan wannan da sauran taurari, saboda karfin igiyar ruwa, wanda, idan aka tattara shi, ya samar da taurari.
An kuma yi adawa da ka'idar girgiza, a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, wannan samfurin nebular ya sami damar ingantawa sannan ya sami amincewar masana taurari da masana kimiyya na musamman.
A cikin sabuntawar ƙirar, an yarda cewa al'amarin protoplanet na farko ya fi girma kuma ana yin canje-canje a cikin motsin angular ta ƙarfin maganadisu.
Wannan yana nufin cewa Rana a farkon wanzuwarta ta aika abubuwa zuwa madaidaicin motsin zoben protoplanetary da planetesimals ta hanyar siginar Alvén, kamar yadda aka yi imani da faruwa a cikin taurarin T Tauri.