Ribbed Mealybug (Icerya siye) kwaro ne mai tsotsawa wanda ke lalata tsire-tsire kuma yana iya zama kwaro da sauri. Sarrafa shi yana da ɗan matsala, dole ne ku yi haƙuri don bibiya kuma ku cimma ikonsa. A cikin wannan sakon zaku san menene Ribbed Cochineal, sarrafa shi, masana'antu da samfuran gida don kawar da shi. Ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin.
The Ribbed Cochineal
Wannan kwarin, Ribbed Cochineal, wani tsiro ne da ke shan sinadirai daga mai masaukinsa. Kwari ne na duniya, wato yana kai hari kan bishiyar citrus, da sauran nau'ikan tsire-tsire na 'ya'yan itace, kayan ado, bishiyar dabino, masu hawan dutse da tsire-tsire masu kamshi. Yana da alaƙa da wuraren da ke da ɗan zafi na muhalli.
Ribbed Mealybugs ya bazu cikin sauri, yayin da mata ke kwanciya kusan ƙwai 400 kowace kama. Matan mealybugs suna auna kusan milimita 6 kuma mazan ƙanana ne kuma suna da fikafikai. Wadannan kwari yawanci ana sanya su a ƙarƙashin ganyen, wani yanki na shuka wanda ke da porosity mafi girma, don wucewa zuwa matakin girma yana haifuwa da daddare kuma yayin da mata ke iya yin kwai kusan 400, suna hayayyafa daga dare zuwa safiya. gobe a ci gaba, ba tare da mai shuka ya gane ba.
Sunansa Ribbed Cochineal (Icerya siye), saboda yanayin halittarsa, kwaro ne mai tsotsa mai launin ja zuwa launin ruwan kasa, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 0,5 idan sun kai matakin girma. Bayan Cochineal yana da sutura mai kama da farin harsashi mai kakin zuma, tare da tsagi. Mata suna tafiya ta hanyoyi daban-daban daga nymph zuwa babba kuma maza suna tafiya ta hanyar kwakwa zuwa babba.
Yadawa da Metamorphosis
Wannan kwarin yana da metamorphosis da bai cika ba, yana wucewa ta molts uku a cikin zagayowar rayuwarsa kuma yana balagagge, yana canzawa zuwa cochineal mai saurin gaske. Lokacin da ya wuce lokacin sa na nymph, da zarar an haife su, sai su sauka a ƙarƙashin ganyen tsire-tsire masu cutar. Lokacin da ya kai lokacin girma yakan canza daga launin orange zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai walƙiya orange.
A lokacin balagagge, sun canza daga zama a ƙarƙashin ganyen shuka kuma suna motsawa zuwa rassan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi na tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta, da zarar an tattara su zuwa gabobin bishiyoyi da bushes, tsarin haihuwa ya fara. . Ana yin haifuwa na Ribbed Cochineal ta hanyar tsarin haihuwa da ake kira "parthenogenesis", tsarin da maza ba sa shiga ciki.
A cikin yankuna na Ribbed Cochineal, yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan mata ne, waɗanda ke da ƙananan samfuran maza. Hanyar haifuwa na waɗannan kwari shine martani ga ƙarancin yawan maza. A lokacin haifuwa, kwai da ba a haifa ba ya rabu, saboda dalilai daban-daban da suka shafi yanayin zafi, abubuwan sinadarai da sauransu. Sakamakon sel na haifuwa na mata na Ribbed Cochineal, za su iya samo asali mai rai ba tare da an hadu da su ba.
Wahalar sarrafa wannan kwari
Farin rufin sa wanda yawancin Cochineals ke da shi, yana aiki azaman garkuwar kariya daga abubuwan waje waɗanda zasu iya shafar su, kamar maganin kashe kwari. Domin sarrafa wannan Ribbed Cochineal, dole ne a san yanayin rayuwarsa, tun lokacin da za a sarrafa shi yana cikin yanayin nymph, saboda yana da sauƙin kawar. Dole ne a fara da duba ganyen don ganin ko sun daɗe saboda molasses da kuma, kasancewar tururuwa, tun da sun kasance ƙungiya.
A lokacin zagayowar rayuwarsu, tun daga haihuwarsu, ƴaƴan ƴaƴan daji suna zama a ƙarƙashin ganyen, tunda wuri ne mafi ƙasƙanci na tsire-tsire kuma yana da sauƙi ga waɗannan kwari su tsotse sinadarai daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace, sannan a ciki. lokaci daga nymph lokacin da dole ne a fara sarrafa shi, tun daga baya, lokacin da suka zama manya, suna matsawa zuwa tushe da rassan su zauna kuma su fara haifuwa kuma a cikin wannan lokaci sarrafa su yana da wuyar gaske.
Molasses na Ribbed Mealybugs wani sirri ne mai sukari wanda da shi suke jan hankalin tururuwa don ciyar da shi. A nasu bangaren, tururuwa suna kare su daga maharansu ta yadda al’ummar Cochineal suka ci gaba da karuwa da samar da molasses, tushen abincinsu. Saboda wannan dalili, lokacin da kuka ga tururuwa da yawa akan tsire-tsire, yana yiwuwa kuna da Mealybugs, aphids, whiteflies ko wasu kwaro.
Yadda yake shafar tsire-tsire
Domin kuwa kwaro ne mai tsotsawa da sauri ya hayayyafa, dubban ribbed Mealybugs da ke kamuwa da kowace bishiya da daji suka fara raunana tsirran ta hanyar tsotsa abubuwan da suke da shi, baya ga illa ga kyawun tsiron, domin yana cutar da ci gabansu, da kuma cutar da su. suna lura da lahani kuma da ido tsirara suna ganin ganye da mai tushe cike da mazaunan wadannan kwari masu tsotsa. Entailing, kamar yadda yake samar da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa fiye da matsakaicin girman nau'in shuka da aka kai hari.
Gilashi
Hanya daya da wannan Ribbed Mealybug ke shafar tsire-tsire ita ce fitar da wani ruwa mai zaki, wanda ke sa shukar ta yi haske kuma tana sa ta manne da taba. Saboda dandanon da yake da shi, yana jan hankalin tururuwa don cin abinci, sai ka fara ganin tururuwa suna hawa sama da gangarowa cikin kututtuka da rassan bishiyoyi. Baya ga jan hankalin tururuwa, naman gwari na “la negrilla” kuma ya bayyana, wanda ke kai hari ga ganyen tsire-tsire kuma ya fara ganin ɗigon baƙar fata akan ganyen kuma yayin da yake ci gaba da rufe ganyen, suna shafar photosynthesis na shuka.
Tsire-tsire suna rashin lafiya tare da Mealybugs
Tsire-tsire suna fama da rashin lafiya a kaikaice daga Ribbed Mealybugs, saboda ta hanyar fitar da molasses, wanda yake wani abu ne mai danko kuma mai dadi, yana jawo hankalin wasu kwari irin su tururuwa da kuma fungi irin su sooty mold ko sooty mold, wanda ke rayuwa kuma yana girma da yawan jama'a ta hanyar. ciyar da wannan molasses. Don haka, a lokacin da ake gudanar da aikin sarrafa phytosanitary na Cochineal, ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da wani sinadari ko na fungicides na dabi'a bisa jan ƙarfe, da nufin hana naman gwari "baƙar fata" zama.
Nawa nau'ikan Mealybugs aka sani?
A halin yanzu, kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 6.000 na waɗannan kwari na cochineal an san su, waɗanda su ne masu tsotsa da ke lalata ciyayi. Duk waɗannan kwari suna cin abinci ne akan kayan shukar da suke hakowa daga ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Dukkansu suna ɓoye wani abin ƙura wanda galibi yana da sukari kuma yana samar da molasses, kakin zuma, siliki, ko wani nau'i na fitar ruwa.
Lokacin da ya kai lokacin girma, matan suna manne da kututture da rassan bishiyoyi da shrubs kuma suna ci gaba da tsotse sunadaran daga shuka mai cutar. Maza kuwa, da yake suna da fukafukai, sai su fara shawagi har sai sun mutu cikin ‘yan makonni. Matan mealybugs suna mutuwa bayan hadi. Mafi yawan mealybugs sune:
- Cottony mealybug (Planococcus citri)
- Mealybug mai narkewa (Icerya siye)
- Useasa ja (Chrysomphalus ya nuna iko)
- California Red Lice (Aonidiella aurantii)
- bakin karfe (Saissetia olea)
Mealybugs waɗanda ba sa ɓoye molasses
Akwai wasu Cochineals da ba sa fitar da molasai, gabaɗaya sun fi ƙanƙanta, an rufe jikinsu da wani ɗan kwali, ɗan lallashi idan aka kwatanta da sauran Cochineals, zagaye kuma a tsakiya akwai ɗigon launuka daban-daban da ake kira gusset. Daga cikin waɗannan wasu nau'ikan an jera su, yawancin waɗannan ana iya samun su a cikin tsire-tsire na ado waɗanda ake girma a cikin lambuna.
Useasa ja (Chrysomphalus ya nuna iko), jajayen lemun tsami na California (Aonidiella aurantii), farar goro (Aspidiotus neriileaf leaf mealybug, leaf leaf (louse)perganderi parlatory), lafiyayyen maciji (Lepidosaphes gloverii), kauri maciji (Lepidosaphes beckiRose Mealybug (Aulacaspis tashi) ya kai hari ga rosebushes, Cochineal na botoneros (Abin farin ciki), kai hari Euonimus, Conifer Mealybug (Carulapis juniperi), kai hari chamacyparis sp., Cypress sp., junipers sp., tayi sp.
San Jose louse (Quadraspidiotus lalacewar jiki): yana kai hari kan bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace, kuma Acer sp., betula sp., Alnus glutinosa, Carpinus petulus, eucalyptus sp., fagus sylvatica, Yawan mutane sp., fara pseudocacia, Elm sp., black line ko lafiya maciji (Ischnaspis longiorsris) A Ficus sp., kuma dracaena sp. - Pine mealybug (Leucaspis pini) yana shafar Tsarin Pinus sp., Cedrus sp., kuma Abin sp, Cedar MealybugNuculaspis regnieri), musamman na Cedrus sp.
kwari kwari
Shelled Mealybugs a lokacin ƙuruciyarsu suna tafiya ta sassa daban-daban na shuka, sabanin lokacin da suka zama manya waɗanda ke tsayawa akan rassan shuka da kututturen shuka. Waɗannan Cochineals suna da harsashi mai ƙarfi kama da ƙaramin kunkuru don harsashi. Wasu daga cikin Mealybugs tare da harsashi an jera su.
Black Caparreta ko Cochineal na soot ko Cochineal na bishiyar zaitun da oleander da sauran kayan ado (Saissetia olea). Mafi lalacewa shine Negrilla da waɗannan kwari ke samarwa da yawa. itacen oak mealybug (Asterolecanium ililicola) yana samar da ƙananan ma'auni na zagaye akan itacen oak.
hazel mealybug (Eulecanium tiliae) ciyarwa akan Maple sp. Itacen Birch, euonymus sp., pyracantha sp., crataegus sp., da kuma jinsi kercus. farin kafe (ceroplastes sinensis). Yana shafar Arecaceae da laurel. Ceroplastes rusci. Citrus mealybug (coccus hesperidium), wannan Cochineal ba shi da magani tare da agrochemicals, kodayake ya gudanar da nasarar sarrafa wannan kwaro gaba ɗaya ta hanyar sarrafa ilimin halitta.
Cochineals da ke ba da kariya ta auduga
Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan mealybugs ba, dukkansu suna tafi da gidanka a duk tsawon rayuwarsu, ba tare da zama a wani takamaiman wuri akan shuka ba. An rufe su da kakin zuma wanda ga mai kallo yana kama da ulu kuma ana ganinsa kamar ƙura, yana da filaye masu kama da juna, masu kama da kyawawan ƙafafu waɗanda ke iyaka da jikinsa. Yana tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itacen kuma yana fitar da ruwan zuma mai yawa. Ana iya kiran su:
Cotonet ko auduga cochineal (Pseudococci sp.), An lura da shi a cikin ciyayi masu yawa a cikin gidaje, da kuma a cikin itatuwan ɓaure, a cikin bishiyoyi na iyalin Arecaceae, waɗanda suka hada da bishiyar dabino kuma, daga cikin waɗannan; Trachycarpus sp. washingtonia sp. chamaecyparis sp. Phoenix sp. mealybug (Planococcus sp.), wanda ke cutar da bishiyoyin coniferous, yana samar da adadi mai yawa na molasses kuma wannan yana haifar da haɓakar ƙima mai yawa.
Manyan kwari kwari
Wadannan manyan mealybugs suna wayar hannu a lokuta daban-daban na tsarin juyin halittarsu, don kare ƙwai, mata suna ɓoye filaments na waxy waɗanda ke rufe wannan kwari, suna ba da kamanni farar buhu kuma, a wasu lokuta, suna fitar da molasses, wani abu mai daɗi. cewa yana jan hankalin tururuwa, wadanda suke kare su daga abokan gaba. Misalin irin wannan nau'in Cochineal shine Ribbed Cochineal (Icerya siye). Ana iya ganin Ribbed Mealybug akan tsire-tsire kamar: tsire-tsire na acacia (Acacia sp.), tsintsiya (Cytisus sp.), wardi da sauran shuke-shuke.
Sauran nau'ikan Mealybugs
A cikin wannan rukunin ana kiran su Aspidiotus hederae, wanda aka fi sani da fari piejo ana lura dashi a cikin tsire-tsire a matsayin mai masaukin baki, irin su bishiyoyi na dangin dabino Arecaceae, shrubs na nau'in. neriun oleander, Acacia sp., Myrtus kwaminisanci, Hedra sp. Sirinji sp., Pseudococcus adonidum, yana shafar cacti, ebonimus (Euonymy sp.), da tsire-tsire na jasmine (jarminum sp.), Ficus, da dai sauransu. Lepidosaphes ulmi, da matsananciyar yunwa tana tsotsar haushi buxus sp.,koton Easter sp., Yawan mutane sp., da wardi.
Yadda za a kawar da Ribbed Cochineal?
Entomology shine kimiyyar da ke nazarin kwari kuma ta hanyar ilimin kimiyyar noma, ana gudanar da bincike don rage yawan kwari da hana su zama kwarin wasu tsire-tsire da amfanin gona. Wadannan sarrafawa suna neman rage yawan jama'a ba don kawar da waɗannan kwari ba, saboda an canza sarkar abinci a yanayi. Ganin cewa ta hanyar canza shi ta hanyar sare gandun daji da dazuzzuka, kwari da sauran dabbobi sun zama kamar kwari.
Ilimin halittu
Saboda abubuwan da ke sama, ana amfani da kalmar "control" saboda waɗannan ƙwararrun suna neman cewa yawan kwari irin su Ribbed Cochineal ya kai ga ƙananan matsayi ta yadda waɗanda aka haifa suna sarrafa ta dabi'a da kanta ta hanyar abokan gaba. na sarkar abinci. A halin yanzu, don sarrafa yawan jama'ar Ribbed Cochineal, ana amfani da ɗayan abokan gabansa na halitta, irin ƙwaro na asalin Australiya tare da sunan kimiyya (Rhodolia cardinalis).
Baya ga wannan maƙiyin halitta na Ribbed Cochineal, akwai sauran dabbobin daji na waɗannan kwari, waɗanda suke amfani da su tare da kulawa mai kyau, suna haifar da sakamako mai kyau a cikin sarrafa su da ma sauran nau'ikan Cochineal. Kafin yin amfani da irin wannan nau'in sarrafawa, dole ne a bayyana abin da nau'in cochineal ke shafar shukar ku, yanayin rayuwar sa don amfani a lokacin da ya dace. Ana ba da shawarar tuntuɓar gwani. An jera wasu abokan gaba na Mealybugs.
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaro), musamman musamman ga Cottony Mealybug
- Rhodolia cardinalis (beetle), musamman don Ribbed Cochineal
- Adalia septempunctata
- Anagyrus pseudococci (wasp), musamman don mealybug auduga
- Leptomastix dactilopi (tashi), hade da Cryptolaemus montrouzeri.
- Leptomastoidea mara kyau
Maganin sinadarai
Masana kimiyyar noma sun gudanar da bincike don samar da sinadarai da za a yi amfani da su wajen aikin al'adu na amfanin gona. Ga mutanen da suke so su sarrafa Ribbed Mealybugs tare da agrochemicals, ana ba da shawarar su tuntuɓi mai fasaha na kantin kayan aikin gona don ya ba da shawarar takamaiman samfurin ga waɗannan kwari kuma ana iya shafa shi tare da samfurin fungicides. Ka tuna don samun safar hannu, gilashin da bakin baki a matsayin masu kariya, saboda kuna aiki tare da samfurori masu guba. Zai fi dacewa a yi amfani da ratsin kore.
Daga cikin samfuran da aka ba da shawarar, samfuran da ake amfani da su gauraye suna da suna: Pyriproxyfen 10% EC, ana amfani da shi a cikin adadin 0,5-0,75 cc / 1 lita na ruwa, ana amfani da shi ta hanyar fasahar fesa tare da mai fesa kusan 12 zuwa lita 19.
Ana shafa shi da: man paraffin 83%, a cikin kashi 10 cc/1 lita na ruwa, ana shafa shi ta hanyar fesa yayyafa tare da damar 12 zuwa 19 lita.
Ana kuma ba da shawarar magani tare da samfuran halitta kamar: Sabulun Vegex Fos, a cikin adadin aikace-aikacen: 2-6 cc/1 lita na ruwa, ana shafa ta hanyar fesa da yayyafa 12 zuwa 19 lita. An haɗe shi da: Vegex Crisoil (samfurin da ba a zaɓa ba don takamaiman kwari, wato, yana da nau'i mai yawa), ana amfani da kashi 1-2 cc / 1 lita na ruwa, fesa da 12 zuwa 19-lita sprayers.
Duk wanda ke amfani da waɗannan samfuran dole ne ya kasance mai himma kuma ya karanta tambarin kuma ya ɗauki allurai da masana'anta suka nuna. Idan ana shafa shi, sai ya isa gefen ganyen, domin a nan ne wurin da suke a lokacin da suke cikin nymph, wanda ya fi dacewa da sarrafawa. Saka kayan kariya. Aiwatar da abu na farko da safe.
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