Galaxies sune tsarin turɓaya, iskar gas, al'amuran duhu, da taurari miliyan zuwa tiriliyan wanda ƙarfin nauyi ya haɗa tare. A cikin wannan labarin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da Halayen Galaxies.
Menene taurari?
Idan ka kalli sararin samaniya da na'urar hangen nesa, ka ga fiye da abin da ido zai iya gani, za ka ga da yawa. Taurari cewa a zahiri waɗannan wuraren haske taurari ne, tarin miliyoyi zuwa biliyoyin taurari, taurari sun ƙunshi taurari, ƙura da abubuwa masu duhu, duk suna haɗa su tare da nauyi.
Masanan taurari ba su da tabbacin yadda taurari suka yi. Bayan Big Bang, sararin samaniya ya kasance kusan gaba daya da hydrogen da helium.Wasu masana falaki suna tunanin cewa nauyi ya ja turbaya da iskar gas wuri guda ya zama tauraro guda daya, kuma wadannan taurari sun hade suka zama tarin taurari.
Ayyukan
Galaxies galibi suna da baƙaƙen ramuka a cikin cibiyoyinsu waɗanda ke samun damar samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ta wannan hanyar masana taurari za su iya ganin nesa mai nisa, a wasu lokuta, babban ramin baƙar fata na galaxy yana da girma ko aiki, har ma a cikin manyan taurari. kadan.
Haɗuwa
Ga sinadarai guda uku da suka hada taurari:
Taurari: A ido tsirara, Milky Way yana bayyana a matsayin gajimare fari, taurarin da ke cikin galaxy ɗinmu suna da nau'i daban-daban da yanayin zafi.
Gas: Gas ɗin da ke cikin taurari (a zahiri hydrogen) yana cikin jihohi daban-daban, akwai manyan gajimare masu sanyi na hydrogen kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke wakiltar kusan rabin adadin iskar gas a yankin da ke cikin kewayar Rana.
Foda: Taurari kuma suna dauke da kurar da taurari suka yi a lokacin rayuwarsu mai amfani kuma aka jefar da ita cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki, wadannan tarkacen kura suna da ikon daukar hasken da taurari ke fitar da su, kamar yadda kurar da ke kwance a cikin iska take jan hasken rana.
Launi
Duka hannuwa da faifan tsarin karkace shuɗi ne, yayin da yankin tsakiyarsa ja ne kamar taurarin taurari.
Taurari mafi zafi da mafi ƙanƙanta shuɗi ne, mafi tsoho kuma mafi sanyi ja ne, don haka tsakiyar karkace ya ƙunshi tsoffin taurari, tare da samari taurari a hannun kwanan nan daga gas da ƙura.
superstructures
Sama da babban tsarin karkace na galaxy akwai rudani na rarraba ƙananan halittu a cikin galaxy kanta. Wannan hadadden ilimin halittar jiki kuma ana gane shi a cikin wasu karkatattun taurarin taurari masu karkace da rashin daidaituwa kuma a fili yana haifar da ƙarfi daga ɗimbin ƙarfi a cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki.
Iri Galaxies
Ko da yake akwai nau'o'i daban-daban, kowane galaxy yana dauke da abubuwa iri ɗaya, amma waɗannan an tsara su daban don kowane nau'i. Kamar yadda aka halicci dan Adam daga sunadaran sunadaran da aka tsara su na musamman, haka ma taurarin da aka halicce su daga iskar gas, kura, taurari, da sauran abubuwa.
Galaxies Karkatawa
Karkataccen galaxy yana da fayafai, kumbura da halo, tsakiyar taurarin kamar tsakiya ne, yana dauke da kumburi mai siffar fili wanda ke dauke da tsoffin taurari kuma ba shi da kura da iskar gas, sifar da’ira ta taurarin ta zama tauraro. faifai. Hannun taurarin sun samo asali ne daga faifai kuma su ne inda sababbin taurari za su yi a cikin galaxy.
Rana a cikin taurarinmu tana cikin hannu kuma taurarinta suna samuwa a cikin wannan yanki na galaxy kuma tana da mafi girman iskar gas, wannan yanki yana da tarin taurari masu launin shuɗi, Halo tarin taurari ne da tsoffin gungu waɗanda aka fi sani da suna. clusters globular samu a gefen waje na galaxy.
Elliptical Galaxies
Za a iya gane taurarin taurarin elliptical ta wurin tsayin siffar siffar siffarsu mai tsayi da kuma rashin cibiya ko kumbura a tsakiya.Ko da yake babu tsakiya, galaxy ɗin har yanzu ya fi haske a tsakiyar kuma ya zama ƙasa da haske zuwa gefuna na waje na galaxy.
Taurari, iskar gas da sauran kayan suna bazuwa ko'ina cikin galaxy elliptical, elliptical galaxy na iya zama kusan zagaye ko tsayi da sifar sigari.
Yawancin taro a cikin galaxy elliptical ana tsammanin ya kasance saboda kasancewar babban rami na tsakiya.Wadannan taurarin ba su da wani aiki kaɗan kuma suna ɗauke da mafi yawan tsofaffi, ƙananan taurari, saboda babu iskar gas da ƙura da ake bukata don samar da sababbin taurari. .
Galaxies marasa bi ka'ida
Galaxies marasa daidaituwa sun ƙunshi iskar gas, ƙura, taurari, samuwar Nebula, taurarin neutron, black holes da sauran abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare ga dukkan taurari.
Sunan taurarin da ba sa bin ka'ida ba saboda ba su da takamaiman siffa, amma kamar kowane taurari, suna cikin motsi akai-akai, suna motsawa waje da nesa daga tsakiyar sararin samaniyar mu. An kasu galaxies marasa daidaituwa zuwa kashi biyu: Im da IO.
Taurari na IM na faruwa sau da yawa a tsakanin taurarin da ba na ka'ida ba kuma suna iya nuna alamar hannun taurarin taurari, IO galaxies gaba ɗaya bazuwar kuma ana iya kiran su da rudani a yanayi. Kusan kashi 20% na taurarinmu an rarraba su a matsayin marasa tsari.
Lenticular Galaxies
A fili suna nuna kumburi da faifai mai kama da taurari masu karkace, amma ba su nuna alamun karkace makamai ko adadi mai yawa na kayan tsaka-tsaki ba, har yanzu ba a san asalin taurarin taurarin S0 ba, amma wata ra'ayi ita ce asalin taurarin taurari ne masu karkace da suka ɓace ko suka lalace. kayanta na tsaka-tsaki ta hanyar hulɗa da wani galaxy.
Active Galaxies
Taurari mai aiki yana fitar da ƙarin kuzari sau dubbai fiye da na yau da kullun, yawancin wannan makamashin ana fitar da shi ba a cikin hasken da ake iya gani ba amma a cikin wasu tsayin raƙuman ruwa, daga raƙuman radiyo zuwa gamma. Bugu da kari, dogayen jirage na iskar gas na iya harbawa daga cikin galaxy a kusan saurin haske, wannan aiki yana tafiya ne da wani babban rami mai girman gaske a cikin tsakiyar galaxy.
Tsarin Galaxy
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da samuwar taurari a nan mun ambaci biyu daga cikinsu:
Rushe ka'idar samuwar
An yi imanin cewa Galaxies sun fara ne daga manyan gizagizai na hydrogen da helium marasa daidaituwa, an halicci wannan iskar a cikin mintuna na farko na sararin samaniya, wasu sassan duniya. Gajimare Wataƙila sun ɗan yi yawa fiye da sauran, saboda wannan girman girma, nauyi ya haifar da rushewar su, wannan tsari na rushewa, yana ba mu kwanciyar hankali na taurari.
Ka'idar samuwar rarrabuwa
Ci gaba da juyin halitta na taurari masu dauke da irin wannan siraran gas yadudduka ko zanen gado wanda zai iya haɗawa da rarrabuwar waɗannan zanen gado zuwa filaments ko kumbura, wanda a ƙarshe ya rushe ya zama taurari.
Motsin taurarin
Duk taurari suna da nasu motsi na jujjuyawa a kusa da ainihin su da motsin fassarar tare da taurarin da ke cikin tarin da suke cikin su.
Duk da cewa taurarin sun rabu da tazara mai girman gaske, wani lokaci yana iya faruwa cewa taurari biyu ko sama da haka a cikin gungu ɗaya sun fara yin tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan junansu, ta yadda za su kusance su har su yi karo.