Blue Whale ita ce dabba mafi girma a duniya.

Daga cikin dabbobin ruwa na marine aquifer akwai daya daga cikin mafi kyawun jinsuna, da shuɗin whale, wanda kuma ake kira blue whale, yana da girma, idan kun shiga wannan yawon shakatawa mai ban mamaki, za ku gano halayensa, kamar halayensa, abincinsa da duk abin da ya shafi rayuwarsa a cikin teku.

Yaya Blue Whale yake?

Wani sifa cetacean cewa maimakon samun hakora yana da gemu mai kyau, Balaenopteridae shine danginsa na asali, an gane shi a matsayin mafi kyawun kifin kifi a duniya, tsayinsa ya kai mita 30, yana auna 180 ton, yana da kyau kamar yadda yake. da Grey Whale yaba kyawunta shine abu mafi daraja da dan adam zai iya taskace shi.

Blue Whale an fi saninsa da blue Whale, duk da cewa sunansa a kimiyance shine balaenoptera musculus na dangin balaenopteridae, a matsakaicin girmansa ana iya samunsa cikin ma'auni tsakanin mita 24 da 27 tsayi tare da nauyi har zuwa ton 100 da 120. . Wanda ke nuna cewa sun zama dabba mafi girma a duniya.

Abin da za a iya ambata a matsayin abin mamaki shi ne, harshensa yana da nauyi kamar yadda giwa za ta yi nauyi kuma zuciyarsa tana da nauyi kamar abin hawa, abin mamaki ne da gaske, jikinsa yana da ban sha'awa a lura da shi domin yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da tsayi sosai, na launin ruwan toka mai ruwan toka, gaba daya bangaren baya da kuma cewa lokacin da za a gangara zuwa yankin huhu sai ya zama shudi mai haske.

https://youtu.be/zbUemvV8iLA

Daga cikin blue whale, an san nau'o'i daban-daban guda uku: Balaenoptera musculus musculus, wanda yake a cikin yankunan Pacific da Arewacin Atlantic, Balaenoptera musculus intermedia, wanda ke samuwa a cikin Tekun Antarctic, da Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda, ​​wanda ya dace da su. ana kiranta da pygmy blue whale.wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yankunan Tekun Indiya da Kudancin Pacific.

Kyawawan kifi mai ban sha'awa, kamar sauran nau'ikan kifin kifi, suna ciyar da ƙananan ɓangarorin crustaceans da ake kira Krill, wannan kyawun yana da yawa a yawancin Tekun har zuwa farkon karni na 40, sama da shekaru 1.966 masu farauta masu ban tsoro suna tsananta musu har sai da suka kusa. Bace, shi ne Daga can, ra'ayin kare su ta hanyar al'ummar duniya ya tashi a XNUMX.

Bisa ga bayanan shekara ta 2002, an yi kiyasin mutane 5.000 da 12.000 a duk faɗin duniya, waɗanda aka rarraba a kusan rukunoni biyar ne kawai, aka amince da kiyasin.

Komai na faruwa ne tun kafin fara shahararren kifin kasuwanci, la’akari da cewa mafi yawan masu kifin kifin sun kasance a Antarctica mai yawan jama’a 239.000, wanda a halin yanzu yana da mutane 2000, wanda ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin Tekun Indiya, Antarctic da Arewa maso Gabashin Tekun Pasifik, tare da biyu. ƙungiyoyin da aka rarraba a Arewacin Atlantic kuma aƙalla biyu a yankunan kudancin kogin.

Rarraba blue whale-Cetacea mai ban sha'awa

Yana da ban sha'awa don sanin cewa yana da sararin samaniya, yana nuna cewa an rarraba shi a duk yankuna na duniya ban da Arctic, kamar yadda ba zai yiwu ba a cikin teku kamar Okhotsk, Rum ko Rum. Tekun Bering, yana son dandamalin nahiya sosai kamar buɗaɗɗen filayen kankara.

Hakazalika, an gano cewa an same su a cikin teku masu zurfin gaske, wanda a halin yanzu ya nuna cewa ana ganin su a Arewacin Pasifik da kuma Arewacin Antarctic inda mafi yawan al'ummar blue whales suka fi mayar da hankali sosai, kamar yadda yake da polar bear. dabba kuma mai girma.

Haraji

Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don tsara wannan dan wasan ninkaya mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa shine gano shi kamar yadda za a yi tare da duk masu sihiri da ke magana game da whales na dangin Balaenidae da kuma cewa fin whales yana nufin dangin Balaenopteridae wanda ke da nau'in siffar blue whale, fin. Whale, da humpback Whale, Boreal Whale, Bryde ta Whale, Minke Whale, austral Whale, omura Whale da wurare masu zafi Whale.

Yana da quite sahihanci cewa balaenoptiridae iyali ya bambanta da sauran azuzuwan suborder mysticeti a tsakiyar Oligocene, kara da cewa, babu daidaici na rabuwa tsakanin su.

Blue whale an bambanta shi ne kawai a matsayin daya daga cikin nau'in rorqual guda takwas a cikin nau'in balaenoptera, duk da cewa an rarraba shi daidai da ikon da ya sanya shi zama na Sibbaldus, ba a kafa shi ba har sai sun jaddada tsarin DNA. inda aka nuna cewa yana da alaƙa da phylogenetically kusa da minke whale- Balaenoptera boraelis.

Kazalika jinsin bryde-balaenoptera brydei, kamar sauran mutane balaenoptera, kusa da yubarta-magaptera, da launin toka whale-eschrichtius, fiye da minke whales-balaenoptera acutorostrata da austral whale-balaenoptera bonaerensis har yau.

Saboda haka, yana da kyau a ambaci cewa akwai lokuta na hybrids da aka rubuta tsakanin wannan nau'in da nau'in whales na yau da kullum a cikin yanayin yanayi, ko da yake ba a san yawan iyawar da suke da ita ba, la'akari da abin da Gullberg da Arnason suka ce wanda ya kafa. nisan kwayoyin halitta tsakanin fin whale da blue whale kamar yadda yake tsakanin gorilla da dan Adam.

Saboda haka, yana da ban sha'awa cewa sunan nau'in, musculus, ya samo asali ne daga Latin, yana nuna cewa yana nufin tsoka, Linnaeus ne ya kira shi blue whale a cikin tsarin dabi'a na shekara ta 1.758. A wasu lokuta an ƙaddara ta da wasu sunaye irin su Sibbald's whale don girmama Sir Robert Sibbald, babban kifin kifi mai launin shuɗi da ƙaƙƙarfan tekun arewa, waɗanda sunayen da aka bari a baya.

Hudu sassauza ma sun fito, amma ɗayansu ba shi da tabbas:

• Balaenoptera-m-musculus na Linnaeus a cikin shekara ta 1.758 wanda ke magana akan blue whale ciki har da Arewacin Pacific da Arewacin Atlantic.
• Balaenoptera-m-tsakiya ta Burmeister a cikin shekara ta 1.871, a matsayin Antarctic blue whale, mafi girma kuma yana iya kasancewa a cikin Tekun Antarctic.
• Balaenoptera -m -brevicauda ta Ichihara a cikin 1.966, pygmy blue whale tare da mutane a Kudancin Pacific da Tekun Indiya.
• Kuma Balaenoptera -m-indica na asali mai shakka ta Blyth a cikin 1.859, babban whale na Indiya, wanda aka samu a cikin Tekun Indiya kuma wanda zai iya zama Balaenoptera -m- brevicauda.

Bayani da halayyar Blue Whale

Saboda girman girmansa, an bayyana cewa shudin whale yana kaiwa ga saurin ban mamaki har zuwa 50 km / h lokacin da, bisa ga dabi'ar dabi'a, yana jin cewa akwai barazanar da ke kewaye da shi, gabaɗaya suna motsawa a 22 km / h kuma lokacin da suke tafiya. ciyar da cewa gudun ya ragu zuwa 5 ko 6 km/h, tana iya kaiwa zurfin mita 100 da 500.

 Abu mafi ban mamaki shi ne, yana iya zama a karkashin ruwa fiye da minti 10 zuwa 20, sa'an nan ya zo saman don kaddamar da wani jirgin tururi wanda ke daukar kallo daga mita da yawa, ya kai tsayin daka daga mita 6 zuwa 12. , yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin huhu na lita 5.000.

Yana da jiki siriri da tsayin jiki mai kyau sosai idan aka kwatanta da tsarin tsarin mulkin sauran sufaye, yana da katon kai wanda kwata ne na jikinsa, shi ma yana da fadi da siffar U mai dauke da crest din da ke fitowa. daga spiracles zuwa gefen gabanta.

Bakin da ke gabansa yana da kauri sosai, yana da a kowane gefensa tsakanin barbashi 300 zuwa 400, wanda kowanne daga cikin barbu yana da tsayin kusan mita 1 don rataye a kan muƙamuƙinsa na sama, faɗinsa ya kai santimita 50. zuwa tsayinsa.

Tana da ramukan da ke tashi daga 55 zuwa 88, wanda yawanci ake kira ventral folds wanda ke jin daɗin tsawaita makogwaro, suna da alaƙa da jiki sosai, sune waɗanda ke ba da izinin fita daga ruwa ta bakinsa, bayan huhu zuwa. ci.

Ƙarfin baya mai ban mamaki ana iya ganin shi kawai ta hanyar nutsewa cikin teku, fin ne wanda yake a farkon kwata na ƙarshe na jiki, ƙanƙanta kuma mai canzawa sosai, yana iya zama zagaye, triangular, mai lankwasa mai laushi ko ƙarami. hanta.

Yana da ban sha'awa don godiya a wannan lokacin idan ya zo saman don neman iska, a can, yana nuna baya da karkatar da shi daga cikin ruwa fiye da sauran nau'in whale na baleen irin su na hali ko minke whale, waɗannan su ne. abubuwan da masu lura da al'amura ke amfani da su wajen bambance su.a cikin teku.

Tun kafin fara pirouette don yin zurfi, suna nuna fin su daga cikin ruwa don nuna shi, wani lamari mai ban mamaki da suke yi lokacin da suke numfashi a saman.

Ya kasance ainihin asali a cikin whale na baleen waɗanda ke da nau'i biyu, wanda ke da kariya da kyau ta hanyar haɓaka daga gaba zuwa gefe, mafi aminci fiye da sauran whales. Ƙaƙƙarfan ɓangarorin ɓangarorin ne masu siffa mai nuni waɗanda suka auna tsakanin mita 3 zuwa 4, launin toka mai launin shuɗi mai laushi mai laushi a saman tip da fari a ɓangaren ƙasa.

An nuna kai da fin caudal a cikin launin toka, wanda sau da yawa ana yin su a cikin yanki na sama kuma lokaci-lokaci fins, yana da blue whale fasalin suna da bambanci sosai saboda ɗaruruwan su na iya zama launin toka gaba ɗaya, yayin da wasu na iya zama shuɗi mai duhu, baki da launin toka duk tare da ƴan ɗigon tabo a warwatse a jikinsu.

Yawanci yankin cikinta ana nuna shi da launin rawaya ko launin toka saboda yana yawan shafawa da dabbobin da ake kira diatoms da ake samu a cikin ruwan sanyi mafi sanyi na Antarctic, North Atlantic da North Pacific, suna da saurin isa har suna iya kaiwa ga gaci. gudun 50km/h, wato 27 kulli a lokacin da suka ji ana yi musu barazana.

Matsakaicin saurin da blue whale ke tafiya shine kawai 22km/h, wato kullin gudun hijira 12, yayin da idan sun ci abinci sai su kai gudun 2 da 6,5 km/h, 1 da 3,5 kulli, suna son rayuwa bibbiyu ko su kadai. , yana da matukar muhimmanci su hada kai da mutum 7 da za su ci a inda suka samu abinci, ta yadda za a hada kifayen kifaye 60 a wuri guda su ci.

Ko da a lokacin da aka haɗa su, ba a kwatanta su kamar sauran ƙungiyoyi na baleen Whales, la'akari da cewa bincike na DNA ya nuna cewa nau'i-nau'i na blue whale lokacin da suke manya suna da mace da namiji, amma kuma an gan su. na dogon lokaci ga wasu mazan da ke saduwa da mata daban-daban.

Girma da taro na blue whale

Girman girmansu ya motsa, auna su ko kaɗan ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, tun da a zamanin da ake farautar blue whale, ba su auna su gaba ɗaya ba, kawai sun yi ne ta hanyar yankan da suka yi kuma suna ganin ya fi kyau a yi amfani da su. , wanda ya haifar da cece-kuce sosai domin ta hanyar yin hakan an samu asarar jini da wasu ruwaye.

Amma, duk da haka, ana iya ganin cewa babban mutum zai iya auna tsakanin mita 24 zuwa 27 a tsayi, yana auna tsakanin ton 100 zuwa 120, wanda mafi girma daga cikinsu an rubuta shi a matsayin ma'aunin mita 33,63 lokacin da ingantaccen ma'auni da takaddun shaida ya kasance mita 29,9.

A Kudancin Jojiya a shekara ta 1.947, an kama wata mata mai launin shudi mai nauyin ton 173. An ba da kulawa ta musamman ga cewa waɗanda ke cikin ruwa na kudancin duniya sun fi na arewa girma da kuma cewa mata sun fi maza girma.

An yi kiyasin blue whale a matsayin dabba mafi girma da ke wanzuwa a duniya baki daya sama da kowace dabba mai nauyi da ke nan ko ta wanzu, blue whale yana cikin babbar hanya mai nauyi fiye da wanda aka sani da magajin garin patagotitan Kamar da dinosaur na ruwa mafi gigantic shi ne 77 ton a cikin taro.

Kifin Leedsichthys da ya mutu ya yi kama da girmansa, lura da cewa ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba don samun cikakkiyar burbushin halittu kuma nauyin kawai aka kiyasta kuma duk da haka ba su yi fice kamar blue whale ba.

Wani abin mamaki mai ban mamaki cewa lenga na wannan kyakkyawar dabba tana da nauyin ton 2,7 kuma mafi ban mamaki lokacin da aka bude shi yana iya adana har zuwa ton 90 na abinci da ruwa. Abin mamaki cewa kasancewar girmansa ba zai iya hadiye abubuwan da suka fi wasan ƙwallon bakin teku girma ba.

Zuciyar wannan kyakykyawar whale tana da girman gaske wanda nauyinsa ya kai kilogiram 600, wanda ke nufin ita ce mafi girma a yanayin dabbar, baya ga samun jijiyar aortic jijiyarsa mai tsayin santimita 23, wani abu kuma shi ne blue whale a lokacin. An haife shi yana da nauyin kilogiram 2.700 kuma yana da tsayin mita 7 da 8 daidai da ɗan kwarin gwiwa.

Abincin

Tambayar ta taso, me Whales ke ci?; suna cin Krill, wanda shine abinci a cikin tsari na crustaceans, za su iya cinye har zuwa miliyan 40 a kowace rana kuma da zarar muƙamuƙinsa ya rufe yana fitar da ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri yayin da yake riƙe da abinci tare da balinsa, yana kuma ciyar da ƙananan ƙananan yara. squid da sauran crustaceans da yawa.

Su nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) wanda kawai suke buƙatar adadin kuzari miliyan 1,5 a rana, wanda shine abin da zai ba su damar samun isasshen kuzari don haka yana taimaka musu su kasance masu aiki sosai.

Yana da ban sha'awa a fahimci cewa ko da lokacin da suke ciyar da Krill suma suna cin abinci kaɗan na copepods, wanda shine nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in zooplankton, wanda daga ciki suke cin abinci da yawa daga wannan Tekun zuwa wancan, kamar yadda a Arewacin Atlantic. Suna samun Thysanoessa inermis, Thysanoessa raschii, meganyctiphanes novergica.

Very bambancin jinsuna, Thysanoessa longicaudata fi so tasa, da ciwon a cikin Arewacin Pacific yankin Thysanoessa spinifera, Thysanoessa raschii, Euphausia pacifica da Nyctiphanes symplex, lura a cikin Antarctic Euphausia Valentin, Euphausia superba, Euphausia crystallerophias abinci a matsayin mai girma jinsunan da bauta wa wannan nau'in.

Yana da ban sha'awa sanin cewa babban whale yana cin kusan Krill miliyan 40 a kowace rana, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke zuwa wuraren da aka fi yawan jama'a tare da waɗannan crustaceans, suna cin kusan tan 4 a kowace rana a cikin lokacin kololuwar kuma watakila har zuwa ton 8. saboda suna buƙatar makamashi mai yawa na caloric kowace rana.

Ga mafi yawan abin da aka saba idan sun ci suna yin shi a zurfin fiye da mita 100 a rana kuma da dare suna yin shi ne kawai a saman, a cikin zurfin yana cikin lokaci mai tafiya daga minti 5 zuwa 15. , ko da lokacin da aka rubuta su a cikin nutsewa har zuwa mintuna 20 wanda shine mafi yawanci kuma har zuwa mintuna 36, ​​suna da kyakkyawan ƙarfin huhu mai ban mamaki.

Abu mafi ban sha'awa shine lokacin da suke ciyarwa, lamari ne da suke aiwatarwa ta hanyar tacewa, shine abin da ake kira lunge lokacin da ya buɗe bakinsa yana cika shi da ruwa mai yawa da Krill mai yawa, sannan ya rufe shi. muƙamuƙi ta hanyar tura ruwan sama don fitar da shi ta gemunsu.

Wannan yana taimakawa wajen fitar da ruwa yayin da yake farautar ganimarsa da aka ajiye a cikinsu; suna da kyau sosai lokacin da suke aiwatar da waɗannan al'amuran da ke cikin rayuwarsu a cikin teku, ganin sun nutse sannan suka zo saman yana da ban mamaki, yana da ban mamaki, yana da mahimmanci don godiya da lokuta irin wannan.

Haifuwa na Blue Whale

Lokacin da blue whale ya kai shekarun jima'i yana tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa goma, yana nuna yadda ake haihuwar whalesSuna da lokacin gestation yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni 10 zuwa 12, wani tsari ne da mace blue whale ke rayuwa kuma yawanci takan haifi maraƙi daya a kowace shekara biyu ko uku kuma ana haife shi a lokacin hunturu a cikin ruwa mai laushi mai laushi. tsayin daka.

Wani ɗan maraƙi ne da aka haife shi yana kimanin tan uku, tsayinsa ya kai mita 7 zuwa 8, yana da sha'awar sanin ma'auni da nauyin balagagge mai girma, maruƙan suna tsotsa tsawon watanni 8, blue whale yana da kyakkyawan tsammanin rayuwa na 80. da shekaru 90.

Tsarin rayuwa

Lokacin yin aure yana tasowa daidai tsakanin lokacin kaka kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen lokacin sanyi, ba a sami cikakken bayani kan yadda wannan ɗabi'ar take ba ko kuma yadda ake haɗa zuriyarta, waɗanda ke haihuwa a lokacin hunturu, lokacin sanyi sosai. .

Yaro ne wanda nauyinsa ya kai ton uku, tsayinsa ya kai mita 7 zuwa 8, su marukan ne masu yawan shan nono a rana kamar lita 380, don kara nauyin kilo 90 a kowace rana, yaye yakan faru ne idan sun riga sun rigaya. Yana da watanni 8, lokaci ne da maraƙi ya ninka girma.

Maza sun kai shekaru 5 a lokacin jima'i, daidai lokacin da tsayin su ya kai mita 20 da 21, mata kuma idan sun kai mita 21 da 23, kamar yadda maza suke da shekaru 5, za a iya fahimtar cewa balaga ta jiki a cikin maza. wanda ke yankin arewaci yana faruwa ne idan tsayin su ya kai mita 24 sannan kuma a cikin mata idan sun kai mita 25, suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 80 har ma fiye da haka.

Haka kuma za a iya lura da cewa igiyar da wadannan dabbobin ke yi a gabar teku ba su da yawa, saboda nau’in jinsin da ke cikin tsarin zamantakewa, don haka ganin manyan layukan da ake yi wani abu ne mai ban mamaki da idan abin ya faru ya kan jawo hankalin mutane da yawa.

Da zarar wani al'amari ya faru mai ban sha'awa sosai a shekara ta 1.920 lokacin da wani kifin kifi ya makale kusa da Bragar a tsibirin Lewis a cikin Ƙwararren Ƙasar Scotland, sai wani jirgin ruwa na whale ya makale da garaya a ciki, wanda bai fashe ba. ba da damar kifin kifi ya ƙare a bakin teku, inda aka sassaƙa ƙasusuwansa biyu a wurin a Lewis wanda har ya zuwa yau ya zama abin jan hankali ga yawon shakatawa.

Murya

Yana da matukar ban sha'awa a san cewa shuɗin whale yana da irin wannan sauti na ban mamaki ta yadda manyan sautin da yake fitarwa ba su da ƙarfi sosai tare da mitar da ta dace da kafa sadarwar ruwa mai nisa.

Cummings da Thompson suka ce wanda ya yi kiyasin a cikin shekara ta 1.971 na adadin decibels 155 da 188 dangane da micro Pascal (µPa) na tazarar mita daya. Yana da mahimmanci cewa duk ƙungiyoyi suna ƙaddamar da kira a mitar 10 da 40 Hz kuma suna iya kaiwa 9 Hz, la'akari da cewa mafi ƙarancin sautin da ɗan adam zai iya ɗauka shine 20 Hz kuma mafi girma ya kai 524 Hz.

Fitowar kira ce da ke tsakanin daƙiƙa 10 zuwa 30, alal misali, a Sri Lanka sun yi nasarar adana bayanan waɗannan waƙoƙin da suka yi rubutu guda huɗu waɗanda suka ɗauki mintuna biyu kowanne, suna fitar da wakoki masu daɗi na whales.

Amma masu bincike sun yi la'akari da cewa wannan lamari ne da aka gano kawai a cikin nau'in Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda-pygmy. Ba a san tabbas dalilin da yasa suke fitar da irin wannan sauti ba, kodayake Richardson et al ya bayyana a cikin 1.995 cewa akwai dalilai guda shida masu yiwuwa:

• Kiyaye nisa tsakanin mutum ɗaya.
• Gane nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na mutum.
• Sadarwar da ke tsakanin su na nuni ga abinci, zawarcin zuciya da yanayin tashin hankali.
• Kiyaye ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa dangane da kira tsakanin mata da maza.
• Halin siffofi na topographic.
• Matsayin ganima a gani.

Yawan jama'a da farauta

Tabarbarewar yawan jama’a da farautar wadannan kifayen masu ban sha’awa, abin damuwa ne a qasashe irinsu Japan, Norway da Iceland, domin suma ana qara samun wasu matsaloli, kamar lalata muhallinsu, sauyin yanayi da gurvacewar yanayi, kuma babu. da yawa da za a iya yi don kare wannan nau'in.

Kimanin shekaru 40 kenan ana maganar wayar da kan al’umma a duniya ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba, har aka ga sun yi ta, saboda ana takura ta daga sabbin nau’o’i kamar yadda aka rage su, shi ya sa. Greenpeace ta ƙaddamar da daidaitawa tare da batutuwan kariya da kulawa.

Kuma a cikin shekara ta 1.982, ta yi nasarar hana kifin kasuwanci a cikin ƙasashen da ke cikin Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya-CBI, saboda matsanancin matsin lamba na zamantakewa da yanayin bakin ciki da aka samu waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Spain kasa ce da ta fara farautar wadannan kifin har zuwa lokacin da aka fitar da wannan ka'idar kariya ta whale. Wani abu ne da aka kafa tun daga shekara ta 1.986 kuma akwai ma magana game da jirgin ruwan Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior I wanda sojojin sojojin ruwan Spain suka dakatar da shi a tashar a Ferrol don gabatar da juriya ga maharan Galician. Kuma a cikin 1.994, IWC da kanta ta ƙirƙiri Wuri Mai Tsarki na Whale a Antarctica.

Shekaru da dama na farauta

Wadannan shekarun da suka gabata suna da matukar muhimmanci saboda kwata-kwata whales ba su da saukin farauta ko kisa, da kyar suke zama a idon jiragen ruwan kifin na farko saboda girmansu, saurinsu da karfinsu ya kasance muhimmin abu wajen kiyaye rayuwarsu.

An farautar kifin kifi da maruƙa ne kawai. A cikin shekarun 1.864 an tabbatar da cewa Sven Foyn dan kasar Norway ya yi amfani da jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu da makaman da suka tsara da kuma shirya don farautar mafi girma a cetaceans, suna da wuyar yin aiki da su kuma ba su da wata ni'ima.

Don haka Foyn ya kasance mai kula da kamala bindigar harpoon wadda daga baya aka kafa tashoshin kifin kifi da yawa a gabar tekun Finnmark, a yankin arewacin Norway. Duk da haka, an sami sabani da yawa tsakanin masunta na gida, har ta kai ga rufe tashar ta ƙarshe a 1.904.

Da shigar jiragen ruwa masana'antar tururi tare da tudu a cikin 1.925, an sami ƙaruwa sosai a farautar blue whale ta hanya mai tsauri domin tsakanin 1.930 zuwa 1.931 waɗannan jiragen sun sake farautar mutane 29.400 a yankin Antarctic.

Kuma a ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu kuma an rage yawan jama'a sosai, don haka a cikin shekara ta 1.946 an ba da ka'idoji na farko waɗanda ke iyakance kasuwancin ketare na wannan nau'in, ba a ba da fifiko sosai ba saboda ba a yi daidai ba. bai kafa wani bambanci tsakanin nau'in ba.

Da yake nuna cewa ana farautar kowane nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) har zuwa shekara ta 1.960 lokacin da Hukumar Kula da Whaling ta Duniya ta hana farautar kifin da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi ba bisa ka'ida ba a shekara ta 1.970.

Lokaci ne da aka fara farautar kifin kifi 330.000 a yankin Antarctic, 33.000 a yankin kudancin duniya, 7.000 a cikin tekun Atlantika da 8.200 a Arewacin Pasifik, don haka an gano cewa mafi girman rukuni daga Antarctic ne wanda aka rage zuwa 0,15% na abin da yake a farkon.

Yana da ban sha'awa yadda jiragen ruwa na whaling suka kusan kashe wannan nau'in, domin maimakon farautar 'yan kifin kifi da yawa, abin da suka yi ya rage shi, ba su yi la'akari da cewa, idan sun kasance suna da tsari da kulawa da jagorancin masana ilimin halittu na ruwa. Ana iya samun ƙarin kifayen kifaye a kasuwa, fiye da lokaci mai tsawo.

An tsara komai a cikin wannan saboda tsawon lokacin haifuwa wanda ya ɗauki kimanin shekara guda na ciki tare da litters na pups ɗaya ko biyu, sun kasance masu kyau, saboda sun murmure a hankali fiye da yawan ƙananan dabbobi. Zuba jari a cikinsa ƙasa da lokaci da albarkatu a cikin ƙaramin nau'in.

Yawan jama'a da rarrabawa na yanzu

Ƙayyade darajar yawan yawan mutanen da ke cikin blue whales bai kasance mai sauƙi ba, tun daga lokacin da aka kafa ƙuntatawa ga whaling, ba zai yiwu a sami wani binciken da, na gaskiya game da matakin duniya na duniya. kariya, ya yiwu ne kawai a tabbatar da cewa a yankin Antarctic an samu karuwar kashi 7,3% a kowace shekara.

A saboda wannan dalili, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen duniya yana tsakanin mutane 5.000 zuwa 12.000 a cikin shekara ta 2.002, tun lokacin da aka kafa jerin jajayen IUCN, blue whale yana cikin hatsarin bacewa, mafi girman yawan jama'a shine It. Ana samunsa a Arewacin Pasifik tare da kusan 2.000. nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in iri) ana samunsa ne wanda ya fito daga Alaska zuwa Costa Rica kuma ana iya ganinsa kawai a lokacin bazara daga California.

A wasu lokuta waɗannan mutane suna tafiya zuwa arewa maso yammacin Tekun Pasifik, suna yin rajista kaɗan tsakanin tsibirin Kamchatka da arewacin Japan. Gano ƙungiyoyi biyu kawai na blue whale a cikin Arewacin Atlantic.

Ga manyan masana kimiyya, abin mamaki ne domin har yanzu ba su tantance ainihin inda blue whale ke yin lokacin hunturu ba, don haka ana ganin cewa wannan adadin a Arewacin Atlantic yana tsakanin mutane 600 zuwa 1.500.

Babban mahimmancin binciken da aka gudanar a kudancin kogin inda aka yi imanin cewa akwai nau'o'i daban-daban guda biyu, da Antarctic blue whale - Balaenoptera musculus intermedia da kuma kadan da aka ambata pygmy blue whale - Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda, ​​sananne a cikin ruwa. na Tekun Indiya.

Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 1996 ya dawo da kifin kifin 424 kusan XNUMX a wani ƙaramin yanki a kudancin Madagaska, don haka misalan dukan Tekun Indiya zai iya zama ƴan dubbai.

Idan hakan ya tabbata, yawan al'ummar duniya zai zarce waɗanda alkalumman gabatarwa suka bayar. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan a tsakiyar 1998 ya dawo da mutane mita-2.280 a cikin Tekun Kudancin, wanda kasa da kashi 1 cikin XNUMX na watakila dwarf blue whale ne.

Wani nau'i na huɗu, Balaenoptera musculus indica, Blyth ya wakilta a cikin 1859 a Arewacin Tekun Indiya, duk da haka ƙalubalen bambance-bambancen musamman na wannan nau'in ya sa ya zama kalma mai kama da Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda wanda shine dwarf blue whale.

Yawancin bayanai daga Soviets suna nuna cewa girman girman mata ya fi kusa da na dwarf whales fiye da na Balaenoptera musculus musculus, duk da cewa yawan jama'ar Balaenoptera musculus indica da Balaenoptera musculus Brevicauda suna da duk halayen zama. na ban mamaki kuma lokutan kiwo sun bambanta kusan rabin shekara.

Har yanzu darussa masu wucewa na waɗannan nau'ikan ba su da ban mamaki. Misali, akwai bayanan kifayen minke a Arewacin Tekun Indiya daga Oman, Sri Lanka, Maldives, inda za su iya tsara ƴan asalin ƙasar.

A gefe guda kuma, adadin yawan kifayen kifin da aka samu a Peru da Chile na iya zama madadin yawan jama'a. Duk wani daga cikin shudin Whales na Antarctic yana zuwa gabashin bakin tekun Kudancin Atlantic a cikin hunturu, kuma ba a saba jin kiransu a arewacin tekun Indiya, Peru, da yammacin Ostiraliya.

A cikin Chile, alal misali, Cibiyar Kula da Cetacean, tare da taimakon sojojin ruwa na Chile, sun yi ƙoƙari don gudanar da wani muhimmin aiki na kimantawa da kariya kuma yana hulɗar da bincike na ƙungiyar kwanan nan na misalan kulawa a bakin tekun na Big. Tsibirin Chiloé a Chile. Wani yanki mai suna Gulf of Corcovado, inda halittu 326 suka kasance a kusa da bakin tekun a ƙarshen bazara da farkon bazara a cikin 2007.

Masu bincike a Jami'ar Duke suna ƙoƙarin yin ƙididdiga daidai na yawan jama'ar su, wanda OBIS-SEAMAP, Tsarin Bayanan Bayanai na Ocean Biogeographic - Binciken Halittar Halitta na Jama'a na Megavertebrate - Tsarin Bayanan Halittar Halitta. Yawan Jama'ar Megavertebrate), tarin bayanai kan dabbobi masu shayarwa ruwa daga kusan tushe 130.

hadurra daban-daban

Saboda girman girmansu, saurinsu, da ƙarfinsu, manya kusan ba su da sifa masu mafarauta. Babban barazanar da aka sani shine kifayen kifayen kifayen kifaye. Akwai rahotanni da aka rubuta game da mamaye wadannan halittu, alal misali, wani bincike da ya nuna cewa a cikin Tekun Cortez ba kasa da 25% na mutanen da suka manyanta suna da tabo saboda hare-haren da ake kaiwa masu kisa da kuma bacewar mutum a cikin Baja California da aka kai hari.

Kamar dai wani rahoto da aka buga a mujallar National Geographic na wani baligi da aka yi wa wani baligi hari da ’yan kwankwaso, inda duk da cewa ’yan kwankwason ba su iya kashe wannan halitta a lokacin da suka kai farmakin, sun samu raunuka da dama kuma sun mutu sakamakon wadannan hare-haren. Abu mafi ban tsoro da waɗannan whales za su iya fuskanta ta hanya mai muni shine karo da manyan jiragen ruwa a cikin manyan tekuna da kuma kama su cikin tarun kamun kifi.

Hatsarin da ake ci gaba da yi a cikin hayaniyar da ke tattare da mutum a cikin teku, gami da sonar, ya mamaye furucin da cetaceans ke fitarwa, yana mai da wuyar wasiku na sadarwa. Hatsarin ɗan adam don farfaɗowar al'ummarta kuma sun haɗa da haɗakar polychlorinated biphenyls -PCBs da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban waɗanda suke ci lokacin da suke ci kuma waɗanda ake ɗauka ta madarar uwa ga ƴaƴansu.

Lalacewar yanayi mai haɗari yana haifar da dusar ƙanƙara da permafrost na narkewa cikin sauri, yana haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin adadin sabon ruwa a cikin teku, kuma akwai haɗarin isa ga tushe a cikin wannan fadada wanda zai iya haifar da rushewa a cikin thermohaline.

Kamar yawancin cetaceans, blue whales suna wucewa, suna ciyar da ƙarshen bazara a mafi girma, wurare masu sanyi, inda suke ciyar da ruwa mai arziki a krill; a cikin hunturu sukan ƙaura zuwa ƙananan wurare masu zafi, inda suke yin aure kuma su haifi 'ya'ya.

Tunda tsarin su na wucin gadi ya dogara da zafin teku, daidaitawa ga wannan hanya ta hanyar kawar da ruwan zafi da sanyi nesa da faɗi zai iya shafar ƙaura. Daidaita yanayin zafin teku zai kuma tasiri abincin su, godiya ga ɗumamar da ke haifar da raguwa a cikin matakan salinity wanda zai haifar da babban canji a matsayi da wadatar krill.

Whales jinsuna ne na aljana don girman girmansu, don natsuwa, rashin jin daɗi da kuma tafiye-tafiyen da suke yi na ɗan lokaci mai tsawo, adadi mai yawa wanda ya fi sauran fitattun kifin kifi a duniya. Whales sune mashahuran teku kuma alamar yaƙi don tabbatar da duniya.

Kasuwancin farautar whale ya jagoranci a cikin karni na XNUMX, saboda an samo mai da kayayyaki daban-daban daga gare su. A cikin karni na XNUMX ne, inda amfani da kirkire-kirkire da shahararriyar fadada ya zarce kifin kifaye gwargwadon iyawa, wanda ke jefa al'ummarsu cikin hadari.

A halin yanzu Spain memba ce ta CBI a cikin Tarayyar Turai, wanda ke nuna cewa halin da al'ummar kasar ke ciki na rashin son kai ne. Ta hanyar rashin samun bukatu na kasuwanci, ba za su yi kamfen na kifin kifi ba, amma kuma ba za su yi gwagwarmaya don kawo ƙarshen wannan kisan ba har abada.

Wadanne mafita ake dasu?

Yarjejeniyar duniya ita ce kawo karshen duk wani nau'in kasuwancin kifin kifi da kuma samar da mafakar ruwa. Hakazalika, dole ne a yi kokarin yaki da sauyin yanayi, gurbatar yanayi da kuma kifayen kifaye, wadanda kuma ke yin tasiri a kansu.

Wadanda ke da alhakin za su iya taimakawa wajen kare wadannan manyan nau'o'in ruwa ta hanyar tallafa wa IWC a kokarinta na kariya, yin magana da kasashe masu kifin kifi, da kara kaimi a taron IWC, da kuma guje wa sashin naman kifi na tashar jiragen ruwa.

Hakazalika, a cikin da'irar kuɗi, Whales da masana'antar tafiye-tafiye da aka kirkira a kusa da su, alal misali, kallon whale, sun sami ɗayan mafi girman kudaden kuɗi a cikin ƙasashe da yawa kuma suna samar da fa'idodin kuɗi fiye da farautar kifi.

Alal misali, a Iceland, ko da yake suna korar whales, har yanzu suna kula da kallon whales a matsayin abin sha'awa. A cikin shekara ta 2012, an sami rikodin gani na mutane 175,000 da suka je ganin kifin kifin da ba a hana su ba a cikin wannan ƙasa, suna samar da fa'idodi da yawa fiye da kifin kifi.

Menene Greenpeace ke yi?

Greenpeace tana gwagwarmaya don kawo karshen kifayen kifayen kasuwanci da tsanantawa don dalilai masu ma'ana. Ƙungiyar tana buƙatar IWC ta zama ƙungiyar kiyayewa ga waɗannan manyan dabbobi masu shayarwa da kuma ɗaukar nauyin tsaro da gina wuraren tsafi na teku don kifaye.

A Japan, ƙungiyar tana aiki da aminci don ƙara hankalin masu siye don kada su karɓi naman kifi. Greenpeace ta gane cewa yana nufin tsanantawa, bisa la'akari da cewa ya bambanta dangane da kifin kasuwanci. Bugu da ƙari, makasudin wannan zalunci na asali sun haɗa da:

• Tabbatar da cewa hadurran da ke tattare da yanka ba su fadada a kan babban sikeli ba.
• Amintaccen kamawa na dindindin wanda ya dace da bukatun zamantakewa da lafiya.
• Kula da yawan jama'a tare da ƙimar haɓakawa ta zahiri.

A ƙarƙashin jagororin IWC na yanzu, ana ba da izinin neman albarkatu ga ƙungiyar Aboriginal a Denmark, Tarayyar Rasha, Saint Vincent da Grenadines, da Amurka. Ya zama wajibi kowace gwamnati ta baiwa Hukumar shaidun bukatun zamantakewa da albarkatun iyalansu. Kwamitin Kimiyya yana ba da shawara game da kariyar kame wuraren da aka katse na waɗannan yawan jama'a.

Blue Whale mafarauta 

Babban halittar teku da za ta kai hari gabaɗaya blue whale ita ce kogin kogin, duk da haka, da yake shi ne babban cetacean, yana son ɗaukar maruƙa ko tsofaffin tsofaffi. Blue whale wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) ne mai hadarin gaske.

Daga ciki har da bacewar wasu mutane sakamakon raunukan da manyan jiragen ruwa suka samu ko kuma ta hanyar makale a cikin gidajen kamun kifi. Sakamakon haka, canjin yanayi a duniya ya sa tekunan tekun suka canza yanayin zafinsu, sabili da haka, yawan krill da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in kifin na kifi sun fara shiga cikin haɗari.

A wannan lokaci, an hukunta duk wani nau'in kifin kifi mai launin shuɗi a kowace ƙasa tun daga shekara ta 1966, duk da cewa an lura cewa ba a la'akari da hakan a ko da yaushe ta hanyar tarurrukan masu bin doka da oda a duniya da ke cin gajiyar sassa daban-daban na sa. mahimman tsari. Jerin Jajayen Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kiyaye Halittu ya kwatanta blue whale a matsayin nau'i mai haɗari.