mawaki Charles Augusto Salaverry An yi bikinsa a matsayin mafi kyawun marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na mai yin soyayya a ƙasarsa. Sadar da yanayi mai ban sha'awa da kusanci sun sanya shi a matsayin mafi fice, musamman ga waƙar da ake kira "Acuérdate de mí". Ci gaba da karanta wannan labarin don ƙarin koyo game da rayuwar marubucin da nasarorin da ya samu!
Tarihin Rayuwa-Carlos-Augusto-Salaverry
Tarihin Augusto Salaverry
An haife shi a gundumar Peru-Lancones a ranar 4 ga Disamba, 1830 kuma ya mutu shekaru 61 bayan haka, a Faransa-Paris a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1891.
Mahaifinsa shi ne Kanar Felipe Santiago Salaverry del Solar wanda kuma ya zama shugaban kasar Peru tsakanin 1835 zuwa 1836, sunan mahaifiyarsa Doña Vicenta Ramírez de Duarte, danginsu na cikin manyan aji.
Suna da dukiya tsakanin Peru da Ecuador, Felipe yana da farin cikin saduwa da Doña Vicenta a cikin canja wurin sojojin Peruvian, bayan farkon yakin Grancolombo-Peruvian. Soyayyarsu ba ta dade ba, duk da cewa son da suke yi wa dansu ba shi da tabbas.
Uban ya yi fatan ɗan yaronsa zai sami ilimi a Lima, baya ga rashin dawwama a wajen mahaifiyarsa. Tuni a Lima, ya girma kuma ya girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar Juana Pérez de Infantas, wanda shine matar Felipe, tare da ɗan'uwansa Felipe Santiago.
Kuruciyarsa ta kasance da bakin ciki, domin dole ne ya bar gidansa, bugu da ƙari mahaifinsa ya yi rashin ƙarfi sosai kuma a sakamakon haka Andrés de Santa Cruz ya kashe shi a wani mummunan yaƙi.
Mahaifinsa ya yi tunaninsa kuma ya bar shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifiyarsa "Doña Juana", duk sun bayyana a cikin wasiyyar da ya rubuta a Arequipa, ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1836, 'yan mintuna kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa.
Bakin ciki Carlos ya tafi tare da iyalinsa zuwa gudun hijira a Chile, wanda ya sa shi kadaitacce, ban da asarar tattalin arziki da ya dabaibaye su, da kyar ya samu ya ji dadin makarantar firamare.
dawo gida
Lokacin da Santa Cruz ya fadi a cikin 1839, ya koma Peru, yana ɗan shekara 15, ya shiga soja a matsayin ɗan ƙarami a bataliyar Yungay a 1845.
A cewar masu suka, iliminsa ya samo asali ne daga tasirin zafin rana, tituna masu kura, wato lokacin yaƙin da suka tsananta masa tun yana ƙarami, inda babu shakka ya yi rayuwa mai baƙin ciki da launin toka, ta banbanta daban-daban. tare da kafafen yada labarai, baya ga yanayin haihuwarsa da tsananin talaucin gidan uwa.
Waɗanda suka fi shi a kai a kai suna matsar da shi tsakanin ƴan runduna don tsoron kada ya yi nasara a tseren kamar mahaifinsa, wanda ya riga ya zama almara.
Shekaru na farko sun wuce, tsakanin sabis da maganganun soja, inda halin soja bai tafi tare da halinsa ba, yana son warewa da karatu.
A wannan lokacin, tushensa na karatun Victor Hugo da Heinrich Heine ya fara, inda aikinsa ya fara. Yana da shekaru 20, ya auri Mercedes Felices, dangantakar da ba zato ba tsammani kuma ta haifar da baƙin ciki da rashin natsuwa.
Ya sadu da Ismena Torres, dangantakar sadaukarwa mai kyau, rabuwa tun lokacin da danginta suka yanke shawarar ƙaura da su, ta auri mutumin da aka tilasta.
Rashin damuwa da ke haifar da rabuwa, ya sa ya rubuta mafi kyawun aikinsa «Haruffa zuwa ga mala'ika, don haka yin rajistar ƙaunarsa mai zurfi. A shekara ta 1853 ya samu mukamin laftanar, sannan ya zama kyaftin bayan shekaru biyu, kuma daga baya aikinsa na adabi ya zama jama'a.
Babban abokin da ke da kyaututtuka na soja da na adabi, Trinidad Fernández, ya koyi ɗanɗanon fasaharsa, yana sarrafa buga ayyukansa a cikin Heraldo de Lima a 1855.
Farkon rayuwar waƙar: Augusto Salaverry
Albashi ya tabbatar da marubucin sa da baƙaƙen sunansa. Bayan wani lokaci ya kaddamar da wasan kwaikwayo na farko da gagarumar nasara.
Wasu daga cikinsu: Arturo, kyakkyawan manufa, mai kamun kifi na Amurka. Ya fara a fagen siyasa yana da mukamin sajan Major, ya zama sakataren Kanar Mariano Ignacio Prado.
Kanar ya haifar da yunkuri na korar gwamnatin Juan Antonio Pezet a shekara ta 1865. Tare da Mariano, ya yi yaki da jiragen ruwa na Spain karkashin jagorancin Juan Francisco Balta.
Sannan ya amince da juyin juya halin da Kanar Balta ya jagoranta akan mulkin kama-karya da Prado ya shelanta (1867). A lokacin zuwan wannan ga ikon Balta a 1869, yana aiki a matsayin sakataren majalisa.
Aiki tare da shi ya sami damar tafiya zuwa wurare daban-daban kamar Jihohi da Italiya. Dogara da sabon ilimi.
Bugawa na Farko
A cikin 1869 ya buga tarinsa na farko, jerin waƙoƙi, mai suna "Diamonds and Pearls" a Lima a 1969.
A lokacin da ya zauna a Turai, ya gyara rukunin ayoyi mai suna «Dawns and flashes» a cikin Havre, 1871, 3 littattafai na ayyuka inda ya hada da «Diamonds and Pearls» a matsayin «Haruffa ga mala'ika.
Mazauni a Paris, Manuel Pardo ya hau kan karagar mulki, an cire shi daga ofishin ban da biyan diyya ba tare da hakkin samun tikitin dawowa ba. Ya shafe shekaru shida a kasashen Faransa, inda ya kai ga son kashe kansa a matsayin hanyar fita daga cikin bala'in da ya samu.
Ya koma Peru a 1878, ya canza gaba ɗaya, ya ɗauki shekara ɗaya kawai don sake dawo da takalminsa a cikin Yaƙin Chile. Lokacin da aka ɗauki Lima, ya raka Francisco García Calderón a cikin jagorancinsa.
Rayuwarsa ta siyasa ta ƙare a lokacin da mahara suka kama Calderón fursuna, an tura shi zuwa Chile. Ya wallafa wata waka ta falsafa mai suna "Asirin kabari" a shekara ta 1883 a gidansa da ke babban birnin kasar Peru.
Ya tafi Turai inda ya hadu da wata sabuwar soyayya. Yi aure sau ɗaya, a cikin birnin romanticism «Paris». Yakan bi ta Italiya da Switzerland da Jamus ba tare da tsayawa ba, bayan an kammala yawon shakatawa sai ya fara fama da gurguwar gurguwar cuta wadda ita kanta ta gurgunta sauran kwanakinsa.
Rayuwar marubucin ƙaunataccen yana ƙarewa da baƙin ciki, ya mutu ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1891 a Paris. A halin yanzu, jikinsa yana cikin makabartar San José de Sullana.
Don ci gaba da koyo game da wasu marubutan Latin Amurka, muna gayyatar ku da ku shigar da hanyar haɗin yanar gizo mai zuwa akan Biography na Mariano Melgar.
Mafi kyawun wakilin poetic romanticism
Salaverry da Ricardo Palma, su ne romantic Figures na Peru da gaske tunawa a cikin lokaci, ko da yake sun kasance a cikin wani rukuni na abokan aiki, "La bohemia de su tiempo", amma wadannan ba a gane da wannan kuzari.
An ɗaukaka Augusto Salaverry a matsayin mafi kyawun mawaƙin zamaninsa (ƙarni na XNUMX), mutane daban-daban sun yi nazarin waƙarsa. Alberto Ureta, Ventura Gracia Calderón ko Tamayo Vargas, wasu daga cikinsu.
A cikin kalmomin Samaniego, marubucin ya yi fice don, "Zaƙi na melancholic na sha'awar ruhinsa, don kyakkyawan ra'ayi na halinsa game da rayuwa da kuma yanayi mai ban sha'awa wanda ke haifar da tsagewar kusanci."
Ayyuka da Waka
An dauki nau'o'i daban-daban don rubuta tarin wakoki daban-daban, amma ƙarfinsa shine samar da aikin waƙar da aka wanke da kiɗa.
Sun kasance masu hankali da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da motsin rai na gaske waɗanda ke fitowa daga rai. Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer ya rinjayi sosai, ya yi koyi da salonsa, yana barin lalacewa da tsagewar soyayya, yana mai da hankali kan wani abu na ciki da na zahiri.
Litattafan 4
Lu'u-lu'u da lu'u-lu'u, aikinsa na farko, yana nuna nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, wanda aka nannade a bangarori daban-daban kamar soyayya ko bukukuwa.
Dangane da alfijir da walƙiya, yana mai da hankali kan matsalolin siyasa, gaskiyar zamantakewa da batutuwa masu mahimmanci kamar rayuwa ko mutuwa.
A nata bangaren, Wasiku zuwa ga Mala'ika, kira ne zuwa ga soyayya, rikice-rikice da lalata. Ko shakka babu Ismena Torres ya bar babban tabo a kan marubucin, wanda ya bayyana a cikin wannan tarin wakoki.
Shahararriyar tarin salaverry, kuma ta fi fice, har ta kai ga "Acuérdate de mí!", daya daga cikin wakoki da aka fi bugawa da kuma rarrabawa a duk yankin Peruvian, ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na sa.
Wataƙila, an tattara ƙananan ayyukansa a cikin Sirrin kabari, rubutun da ke da tsarin falsafa, wanda ke nuna babban bambanci da sauran ayyukan marubucin. Gidan wallafe-wallafen Alberto Escobar ya kasance mai kula da yada tarihin adabinsa a cikin 50s.
Wasanni
An yi imanin cewa Carlos Augusto Salaverry ya bayyana ra'ayoyinsa a cikin wasanni kimanin ashirin, kusan dukkanin su an gabatar da su a Peru. Daga cikin waɗannan, ana iya haskaka masu zuwa (wasu an riga an ambata):
Daga 1854, Atahualpa, wanda Ba'amurke mai kamun kifi ya biyo bayan shekaru uku, wasa ne mai ban mamaki wanda ya ƙunshi ayyuka huɗu, salon halayensa. Labari ne na Indiyawan Inca inda akwai manyan jarumai 8 a wurin da ƙari 4.
El bello manufa a cikin 1857, wanda ya ƙunshi shafuka 40 da aka rubuta a aya da kuma zurfin ban mamaki, da El amor y el oro, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
A ƙarshe, La Estrella del Perú da El pueblo y el tirano, Amabas ya fara a 1862. Abin da ke ciki da ci gaban waɗannan ayyukan kawai an san shi, sauran ba a san su ba, ban da lakabi.
Nasarar wasan kwaikwayo na Augusto Salaverry
Yawancin ayyukansa sun sami nasara, shi ne na biyu mafi kyau a bayan Manuel Ascencio Segura. Ya yi nasarar zama marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da aka fi yabo a al’ummarsa.
Tare da rashin kulawa na lokaci, ayyukansa suna rasa ƙima, a yau da yawa ba a tunawa da su. Yawancin su an rubuta su tare da zazzagewa, aya, da makirci waɗanda za su iya kashewa ga masu kallon wasan kwaikwayo na zamani.
Yawancin gudummawar da ya bayar na adabi sun kasance suna rasa ingancinsu tsawon shekaru, inda suka kai matsayin da aka manta da yawa daga cikinsu. Ayyukan da aka gane a zamaninsu da kuma waɗanda a yau ba a daraja su kamar yadda suke a lokacin.
Ayyukansa suna aiki a matsayin furci na rayuwa da kuma halayen da ke wucewa ta cikinta, wanda ya sa jama'a suka yi hauka tare da masu ba da labari, waɗanda a yau ba su da gaske kuma ba a sani ba.
Ma'anar wakoki da shahararrun ayyukan Carlos Augusto Salaverry
An rubuta wasan kwaikwayon "Diamonds and Lu'u-lu'u" tsakanin 1869 zuwa 1871, a lokacin Salaverry yana gudanar da ayyukan soja a Faransa. An gane wannan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waqoqin farko a cikin salon soyayya.
"Haruffa zuwa ga Mala'ika", a matsayin tarin da aka buga a Lima 1871, yana wakiltar kololuwar nasarar marubucin, wanda zurfin soyayya da kauna ga Ismena Torres ke jagoranta, wanda ya kasance mai sha'awar shi.
Littafin soyayya yana nuna babban takaici ga rabuwar dangantakar su, yana nuna rashi da zafi tare da jin dadi. A taƙaice, ya taƙaita yanayin tunanin marubucin.
Ka tuna ni wani bangare ne na tarin littattafansa guda 3. Babu bayyananne kwanan wata a lokacin da aka rubuta, amma ana zaton cewa bayan «Wasika zuwa ga wani Angel».
A cikin wannan aikin, bisa ga masu sukar, an nuna tasirin Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, wanda ya taimaka masa ya kammala kayan ado. Kokarin kadaici, ciwonsa a fili ya dace da rashin soyayyar da ta sa shi hauka.
Yana da wadata a cikin misalai, alal misali: tunani game da zafi na watsi, rashin kulawa, wanda aka nuna a cikin rugujewar abin da ya kasance a baya mai kyau da ban mamaki gini.
Siffar waƙar Carlos Augusto Salaverry
A cikin layin waƙoƙi, ya mutunta ƙa'idodi na gargajiya, sonnets marasa ƙarfi tare da tsarin kama na Luis de Góngora ko Francisco de Quevedo. Ko da tunawa da ayoyin Divino Herrera, lura da cewa tasirin Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer a cikin amfani da ma'auni da kuma waƙar assonance dole ne ya bayyana.
Gwargwadon waƙarsa mafi mahimmanci
Ka tuna da ni
Oh! idan na gani a bakin tekun da ba kowa,
da bakin ciki da radadina kadai,
girgizar igiyoyin ruwa marasa kakkautawa.
Zan tuna Ka
Lokacin da kuka ga wannan tsuntsu maraice
Ketare sarari a cikin jirgin da ke mutuwa,
neman gida tsakanin teku da sama.
Ka tuna da ni!
Tsarin albashin Augusto bisa ga masu sukar lokacin
Wakarsa ta kasance cike da soyayya a duk inda yake so, hasali ma tun daga maziyarcinsa ake haifuwar soyayyar da ake jingina masa. Sau tari muna samun batsa, bacin rai da zafi, wanda ke mamaye wannan kashi na farko a cikin ayyukan farko da marubucin ya buga.
Wani salonsa kuma shi ne waƙar Patriotic (Daga cikinsu: "El sol de Junín" ko "Dos de Mayo") da tunani na falsafa da ɗabi'a (mafi yawa a cikin "Asirin kabari").
Albashi, ba tare da wata shakka ba, mafi girman ma'anar romanticism a Peru. Manyan marubuta irin su Bécquer sun rinjaye shi da kusancin da ya buga a cikin rubuce-rubucensa.
Duk da sha'awa da maɗaukakin hali da halin da yake da shi, ya kasance cikakken mai hankali da shiru, a cikin girman kai da girman kai na jimlolinsa - ayoyi, ya kasance yana ganin farin ciki a cikin haɓakawa, da kuma sha'awarsa tare da kyawawan manufofi na ma'auni. 'Yanci.
An lasafta shi a matsayin "Mafi yawan zukata da mawakan sa ba zato ba tsammani", Alberto Ureta ya nuna a cikin littafinsa na Carlos Augusto Salaverry, wanda a gare shi, shi ne mafi cikakken binciken da aka gudanar a kan wannan adadi na wakokin Latin Amurka.
A cikin wani mahallin, ma'anar soyayyarsa na kankanin gaskiya da bege yana cin nasara ta hanyar fasaha, koyaushe yana kiyaye halin butulci na yanayi, sama da shuɗewar shekaru da kuma rashin jin daɗi. Koyaushe neman tsari ga hotunan da suka zo masa tun yana yaro.
A ƙarshe, muna gayyatar ku don jin daɗin kanku da abubuwan Takaitaccen tarihin Gypsy. Za ku ji kamar kuna da gaske cikin wannan kyakkyawan labari, wanda Miguel de Cervantes ya rubuta, wanda zai sa ku gaskata da ƙauna.