A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren labarin amma mai ban sha'awa za ku gano komai game da Crafts na Mixtecos Ta hanyar wannan bayanin, waɗannan kayan aikin hannu sun haɗa da maƙerin zinare da aka zana a cikin zinare mai daraja, da sauran cikakkun bayanai waɗanda za su ba ku mamaki.
Mixtec kayan aikin hannu
Kafin ambaton jumlar fasahar Mixtecos, ƙabilar Mexico, ya zama dole mu koyi asalin wannan kalmar, domin mu iya bincika sana'a a matsayin kowace fasaha don yin kayan tarihi ta amfani da hannu kawai.
Bugu da ƙari, don wannan ƙayyadaddun samfurori daban-daban, ana amfani da wasu abubuwa masu sauƙi masu sauƙi, don samun cikakkiyar ƙare ga kowane abu da aka kera.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu ɗan yi magana kaɗan game da sana’o’in wani gari a Oaxaca, Mexico mai suna Tierra de la Lluvia, wanda aka fi sani da ƙungiyar ƴan asalin ƙasar Los Mixtecos.
An siffanta su da samun ƙwararrun mata a cikin sana'a, ƙirƙirar abubuwa masu ban sha'awa marasa iyaka waɗanda duk mutanen Mexiko ke ƙauna, kuma duk ƙirar sun kasance na musamman.
Don fayyace kowane zane, sun yi amfani da fenti na halitta don canza launin abubuwan da suka yi. Domin sun yi amfani da ƙaramar tsutsa, mai launin ja, mai suna cochineal.
Bugu da ƙari, an yi amfani da cochineal a matsayin abinci, abincin abinci ne mai ban sha'awa kuma dukan Mixtecs ke so, wannan tsutsa ta ba da launin jan ƙarfe ga kowace halitta da masu sana'a suka yi.
Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa an dauki masu sana'a masu aikin kyauta, wanda ke nufin cewa sun kasance a matsayi na uku a cikin dala na matsayi na jama'ar Mixtec.
Don haka zuwa suna da nasu sana’o’in da za su yi aiki da samar da su, amma su kuma suna da bayin da za su kira su ta wata hanya ko wata, waɗanda ke da alhakin taimako kawai, amma ba za su iya ba. suna da nasu sana'a.
Don haka ne aka san masu sana’ar hannu a matsayin ƙwararrun ma’aikata a ƙabilar, sai manoma da makiyaya.
Matar tana wakiltar sana'ar Mixtecos
Sana’o’in mata ne suka fi yin su, tunda sun fi ƙwaƙƙwaran yin komai, suna amfani da hannayensu kawai, sun sami damar yin abubuwa masu kyau na gidan.
Daga cikin abubuwan da suka gina tare da rarrabawa tsakanin mutanen Mexico akwai kamar haka:
- Gours.
- Mai tsada.
- Kwanon yumbu.
- Jirgin ruwa.
- Jita-jita
Waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan da aka ƙirƙira da yumbu, ta amfani da hannaye kawai waɗanda ke farawa da tortilla ɗin yumbu, a hankali ana tsara su har sai an sami kowane abu. Duk da haka, ba wai kawai sun yi aiki tare da yumbu ba, har ma sun yi amfani da su, suna gudanar da ƙirƙirar kayan ado masu kyau, daga cikinsu:
- Skirts
- Yadudduka.
- Kankara
- Matashi
- Blakets.
- Jakunkuna.
- Riguna.
- Mamaki.
- tangles.
- Yana wartsakewa.
Duk kawai tare da yin amfani da ulu da auduga, suna amfani da waɗannan tufafin a cikin tufafin su na yau da kullum. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi yadudduka daban-daban tare da bishiyar dabino, suna gudanar da ƙirƙirar kwanduna masu kyau, huluna, masu haya, waken soya, vases, jakunkuna da kuma katifu, waɗanda aka sayar da su da zafi a titunan Mixteca, ga dukan Mexico.
Sana'o'in Mixtecs a yau
Duk da cewa masu sana'ar Mixtec a tsawon lokaci suna raguwa a duk lokacin da suka wanzu kuma a halin yanzu akwai tsararraki na zuriyarsu da ke kula da sana'a a Mexico.
A halin yanzu suna da shaguna masu ban mamaki inda suke baje kolin duk abubuwan da aka kirkira na waɗannan mata kuma ba shakka suna ci gaba da ƙirƙirar kayayyaki da abubuwa iri-iri.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa ba 'yan Mexico ne kawai ke sayen waɗannan kayayyaki ba, amma masu yawon bude ido da ke zuwa Mexico don yawon shakatawa suna da sha'awar irin waɗannan tufafi da abubuwa, musamman ma na dabino da yumbu.
Tufafin yanzu
Akwai sana'ar Sicaru, wanda ke nufin "kyakkyawa" a wannan wuri, matan suna ƙirƙirar tufafi masu kyau marasa iyaka, masu launi masu haske, masu tsada daga pesos 6000 zuwa 7000.
Har ila yau, suna yin rigar riga da mai iri-iri, waɗanda suka fi tsada kuma sun kai pesos 12.000. Haka kuma akwai riguna masu rahusa da yawa ga 'yan mata.
Bambance-bambancen maganganu na fasaha na alama
Tun da sun kasance masu sana'a mafi mahimmanci a Mesoamerica, Mixtec crafts mayar da hankali a kan kananan arts, wanda suka yi aiki tare da m fasaha, samar da jerin ayyuka dauke da gaskiya jewels.
Menene halayen sana'ar Mixtecs
Abubuwan fasahar Mixtec suna da alaƙa da al'amuran addini da na al'adu, ta wannan ma'ana, an ƙaddara mafi kyawun guntu don ƙawata bagadan haikali ko kuma a yi amfani da su a cikin al'ada. Haka kuma, an yi wasu abubuwan da masu fada aji na siyasa da addini suke amfani da su a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum.
Wannan magana ta fasaha, wacce ta kai kololuwarta a lokacin zamani na zamani, ta sami karbuwa a ko'ina cikin yankin Mesoamerican saboda kyawun guntun sa.
Musamman a cikin ƙananan fasaha, daga ci gabanta a cikin gine-gine ko sassaƙan dutse. ya kasance mai rauni idan aka kwatanta da sauran wayewa. Ta wannan hanyar, ƙwarewarsu ta ta'allaka ne wajen kera nau'ikan maƙeran zinari, masaku, kwando da yumbu, kuma a cikin kundinsu suna nuna zane-zane na hoto.
Babban bayyanar fasaha na Mixtecs
Wanda aka siffanta shi da nau'ikansa iri-iri, sana'o'in al'adun Mixtec sun haɗa da gwal na gwal, ƙashi da lu'ulu'u da aka zana a cikin zinari, kamar sarƙoƙi, zobba, mundaye, abin rufe fuska, masu gadi. kusoshi, kunun kunne, zoben hanci, hannaye don magoya baya da pectorals.
Cewa a wasu lokuta yana da fasaha na guduma, mirgina, simintin gyare-gyare wanda aka sanya shi da duwatsu masu daraja irin su turquoise. Zai yi amfani da batattu, walda da filigree.
Amma game da tukwane, fasahar Mixtec ana bambanta su ta hanyar tukwane na yumbu na polychrome, a cikin launuka kamar ja, orange, baki, launin toka ko fari, dangane da pigments na cochineal, furanni. da tsire-tsire na ƙasa.
Suna yin tabarau, kofuna, tulu, faranti, kwantena da adadi mai kamannin zoomorphic. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi zane-zane na yumbu da aka yi da hannu ko kuma an sassaka su da wani nau'i na spatula, wanda aka goge da ma'adini kuma an ƙone su don ƙarewa.
Ga wasu hanyoyin haɗin kai: