Ina gayyatar ku don sanin abubuwa da yawa game da Kinetic art wani motsi na fasaha wanda ya fito a cikin shekara ta 1955, saboda masu fasaha suna son wani sabon abu ga ayyukan kuma sun yanke shawarar ba da motsin ayyukan a matsayin babban manufar su ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
fasahar motsin rai
Kinetic art dabi'a ce ta fasaha inda ake ganin ayyukan suna ci gaba da tafiya har abada, wani yanayi ne da ya fara a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX, inda aka kirkiro zane-zane da sassakaki don haifar da ra'ayi ga jama'a masu kallo cewa aikin yana ci gaba da wanzuwa. motsi. motsi. Abin da ya sa fasahar motsa jiki tare da fasahar gani ta dogara ne akan motsi na aikin.
Amma dole ne a bayyana a sarari cewa ana samun fasahar motsa jiki a cikin duk aikin da ya dogara akan motsi, na zahiri ko na zahiri.
Waɗanda ƙila sun haɗa da wasu maganganu na fasahar gani. Koyaya, ya zama dole a fayyace cewa duk fasahar gani ba fasahar motsa jiki ba ce. Tun da yake bayyana aikin fasaha a cikin fasahar motsa jiki, motsi a cikin aikin dole ne ya zama cibiyar kulawa.
Ta wannan hanyar za mu iya tabbatar da cewa akwai nau'ikan fasahar motsa jiki da yawa tunda za a rarraba ayyukan gwargwadon motsin da suke da shi. Tun da za a haɗa ayyukan zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu girma biyu da ƙungiyoyi masu girma uku.
Daga cikin ayyuka masu mahimmanci akwai ayyukan da ke da motsi na gaske waɗanda ke amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma ayyukan da ke da motsi mai mahimmanci wanda ya bambanta ga hangen nesa na mai kallo.
Sculpture na Kinetic da halayensa
Dukansu fasaha na gani da fasahar motsa jiki sune igiyoyin fasaha waɗanda suka dogara akan har abada motsi na aikin, na inji ko na kama-da-wane. Ko da yake zane-zanen motsa jiki ya fi wakilta a cikin sassaka tun da yake yana amfani da kayan aiki da yanki don yin aikin a gaban jama'a.
Yawancin masu sukar fasaha kuma sun dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa fasahar motsa jiki na iya dogara ne akan shahararrun ruɗi da kuma rashin yiwuwar idanun mai kallo su kalli saman biyu masu launi daban-daban a lokaci guda.
Ta wannan hanyar za a iya sanin cewa bayyanar farko na fasahar motsa jiki ta bayyana a cikin shekara ta 1910, tare da shigar da motsi na gaba wanda ke faruwa a Italiya kuma marubuci kuma mawallafin Filippo Tommaso Marinetti ya kafa shi, wanda shine editan Manifesto. na Futurism wanda ke haskaka masu zuwa:
"Mun tabbatar da cewa an wadatar da ɗaukakar duniya da sabon kyakkyawa: kyawun gudun. Motar tsere, wacce aka kawatata da bututu masu kauri kamar maciji mai fashewar numfashi...motar da ke ruri, da alama tana gudu a kan shrapnel, ta fi Nasara ta Samotrace kyau”
Bugu da ƙari, ayyukan ɗan wasan chess da masu fasaha na asalin Faransanci Marcel Duchamp sun bayyana a cikin fage. Mai zane-zane ya yi tasiri sosai a kan juyin halitta na Dadaism.
Sa'an nan Alexander Calder ya ba da gudummawa ga fasahar motsa jiki tare da babban abin da ya kirkiro, wayar hannu. Kasancewa mai mahimmanci a cikin sassaken motsi. Tun lokacin da ya kirkireshi wanda ya kunshi waya da yawa da wasu karafa daban-daban wadanda aka rataye su kuma suna tafiya cikin iska a cikin muhalli.
Amma a shekara ta 1954 ya zama sananne da fasahar motsa jiki, don ba da suna ga ayyukan fasaha, musamman sassaka-kasuwa da iska ta motsa da sauran su ta hanyar na'urori masu sarrafa kansa.
Abin da ya sa fasahar motsin rai ta sami lokacinta a tsakanin shekarun 60s da 70s na karni na XNUMX. Kuma a zamanin yau ayyukan fasaha na motsi kamar zane-zane da sassaka suna ba wa mai kallo tunanin cewa suna motsawa.
Sunan fasahar motsa jiki ya fito ne daga ƙwararriyar reshen kimiyyar lissafi da ke nazarin motsi tsakanin sassa daban-daban da ke wanzuwa da ƙarfin da ke aiki da su. Ko da yake da yawa masu sukar fasaha sun tabbatar da cewa wannan sunan ya bayyana a shekara ta 1920 lokacin da wani mai sassaƙa mai suna Naum Gabo ya rubuta bayanan gaskiya.
A lokacin ya zo ya sanya hannu kan cewa akwai kuskuren da aka gada daga fasahar Masar inda aka yi imanin cewa tsayayyen rhythm ne kawai hanyar da ake amfani da ita don yin zane-zanen filastik da maye gurbin su da motsin motsin rai wanda shine hanyoyin da dan Adam yake bi. kasancewa jin fahimtar duniya.
Tun daga wannan lokacin mai zane ya fara aikin motsa jiki na farko wanda ya dogara ne akan sandar karfe da mota ke motsawa kuma ya ba da darajar kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita a lokacin ilimin kimiyyar injiniya.
Amma kamar yadda aka fada a baya, an fara amfani da fasahar motsa jiki a cikin shekarun 60 a cikin ayyukan da masu zane-zane suka yi kuma suka ba da ma'anar motsi ta hanyar yin amfani da albarkatu daban-daban kamar na gani na gani, saboda hasken da sassaka suka samu. alal misali, gargaɗin haske da motsin sassaka godiya ga injinan lantarki da ayyukan da aka yi a cikin nau'i biyu da nau'i uku kuma an haɗa su cikin fasahar motsa jiki. Daga cikin manyan halayen da za mu iya samu a cikin sassaken motsin jiki muna da kamar haka:
- Sculptures a cikin fasahar motsa jiki sune sassa masu motsi waɗanda za a kunna su da nauyi da ƙima. Hakazalika ta hanyar girgiza, inertia da iska.
- Wasu masu fasaha sun dace da sa hannu na ɗan adam zuwa fasahar motsa jiki tun lokacin da mai kallo, lokacin da yake taɓa wani yanki na sassaka, zai motsa a cikin wani takamaiman yanayin, ɗan wasan Venezuelan Jesús Soto ya yi shi tare da aikinsa Los penetrables.
- Akwai sassaken sassaka waɗanda ke amfani da na'urorin lantarki da na magnetoelectric, kamar yadda ake yi da injinan Francisco Sobrino.
- Siffa mai mahimmanci da masu fasahar motsi suka yi amfani da ita ita ce amfani da haske a cikin zane-zane a matsayin hanyar fahimta, ko na halitta ko na wucin gadi.
- Wasu masu fasahar motsa jiki sun yi amfani da yanayi don ba da motsi ga ayyukansu na fasaha, kamar abin da ake kira maɓuɓɓugan Tinguely.
Halayen fasahar motsa jiki
Kinetic art ya sami fa'idar nufin kanikanci da motsi na gaba da yin amfani da halin yanzu na falsafa na ginin gine-gine da haɓakar fasaha, tunda haɗakar duk waɗannan abubuwan sun ba da damar fasahar motsa jiki ta zama wani abu fiye da al'ada amma gaskiya. kuma abin fahimta shi ya sa wadannan sifofi suka fito daga wannan:
Motsi kamar ka'ida: Ba kamar haɓakawa da makomar gaba a cikin fasahar motsa jiki ba, ba za a iya tunanin motsi ba, amma dole ne a gane shi a cikin abu da kuma a cikin hankali. Shi ya sa ake tunanin motsi ta hanyoyi uku: motsi na mai kallo, motsin gani, da ainihin motsin aikin fasaha.
Canji na aikin: A cikin kowane aikin fasaha na motsa jiki, motsi dole ne ya zama ainihin ka'ida, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aikin fasaha dole ne a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin gaskiyar da aka canza. Ko dai ta hanyar wasu injina na lantarki ko ta hanyar iska ko wani yanayi na muhalli ko kuma jama'ar da ke lura da aikin sun taba shi.
sarari da haske a matsayin "kayan abu" na filastik: A cikin fasahar motsa jiki, sararin samaniya da haske suna ɗaukar ciki a matsayin kwayoyin filastik a cikin kowane aikin fasaha na motsi, tun da sararin samaniya yana da matukar muhimmanci don samun damar yin wasu motsi, kamar yadda yake faruwa tare da haske da haske mai haske da ke faruwa. don rinjayar aikin kuma wannan yana sa a canza shi cikin lokaci.
Nazarin hangen nesa: Har ila yau, fasahar kinetic tana bin sawun masu fasaha na Impressionist yayin da masu fasahar Kinetic suka fara nazarin hanyoyin daban-daban don amfani da mafi kyawun motsi don sassakawar su. Hakazalika, sun yi nazarin nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na abstract da rhythms na gani. Kazalika babban matsayi na siffofi na geometric da fahimtar haske akan aikin fasaha.
Bangaren wasa da haɗin kai: A kusan dukkan ayyukan fasaha na motsa jiki, wasan kwaikwayo yana cikin aikin fasaha na marubucin. Tun lokacin da aka gabatar da aikin ga masu kallo a matsayin wasa don idanunsu kuma a lokuta da yawa mai kallo yana buƙatar yin hulɗa tare da aikin fasaha don motsi na motsi ya faru.
Fasahar jama'a da haɗe cikin muhalli: Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata cewa wasan wani bangare ne na fasahar motsa jiki, shi ma an cusa shi cikin wuraren da jama’a ke taruwa tun lokacin da masu wucewa suka gabatar da su da ke sanya sassaka-fasa-faren da za a iya sha’awar su a wurare daban-daban na jama’a don ba da damar sihiri a wurin.
Masu fasaha da ayyukan fasahar motsa jiki
A cikin wannan labarin kan fasahar motsa jiki, za mu bayyana sunayen masu fasaha da yawa waɗanda suka yi nasara a fannin fasahar motsa jiki saboda ayyukan fasaha da suka yi, daga cikinsu akwai masu fasaha masu zuwa:
Victor Vasarely: An haife shi a Hungary a shekara ta 1906 kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 1997, yana daya daga cikin fitattun mawakan fasahar motsin rai saboda gudummawar da ya bayar tun lokacin da ayyukansa suka yi fice a fasahar gani. Ya aiwatar da bambancin tsarin ra'ayi guda biyu, yankin launi da darajar tonal a cikin aikin. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da ya fi fice shine a cikin Jami'ar Birnin Caracas.
Yesu Rafael Soto: An haife shi a Jamhuriyar Bolivarian Venezuela a 1923 kuma ya mutu a shekara ta 2005 lokacin da yake da shekaru 82, wannan babban mawallafin fasahar motsa jiki ya yi wahayi zuwa ga tsarin kida na sautin goma sha biyu da kiɗan serial don yin manyan ayyukansa tare da amfani da Wannan tsarin da aka gudanar. don yin maimaitawa da yawa waɗanda suka sami babban tasiri ga ayyukansa da kuma kallon jama'a.
Carlos Cruz-Diez: An haife shi a Jamhuriyar Bolivarian ta Venezuela a cikin 1923 kuma ya mutu a cikin 2019 yana da shekaru 96 mai zane ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar rawar jiki mai launi wanda ya shahara sosai don amfani da kunkuntar launuka masu launi da aka tsara a kusurwoyi masu kyau kuma yayin da mai kallo ke motsawa Aikin yana tafiya. a kan motsi, canza launi yana ba da jin cewa aikin kuma yana motsawa tare da mai kallo.
Idan kun sami wannan labarin akan fasahar motsa jiki mai mahimmanci, Ina gayyatarku ku ziyarci hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo masu zuwa: