Halayen Bishiyar Elm, Habitat da Amfani

Itacen Elm yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan da ke samar da mafi girman adadin iskar oxygen a duniya kuma ya sami mahimmanci ba kawai ga masana'antar itace ba har ma a magani. A cikin wannan labarin muna nufin sanar da ku duk halaye, mazauninsu, kulawa da fa'idodi ga duka mutane da muhallin wannan bishiyar. Daure don karantawa da ƙarin koyo game da wannan nau'in ban mamaki.

itacen alkama

Itacen Elm, wanda ya fito daga yankin arewaci, yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan da ke samar da babbar fa'ida ga duniya, saboda karfinta na tsarkake iska ta hanyar shan iskar carbon dioxide mai yawa da samar da iskar oxygen fiye da bishiyar gama gari. Akwai nau'ikan Elms sama da 40 waɗanda ba kawai suna ba da ragi mai yawa ba, har ma ana iya amfani da su a cikin masana'antar itace, ban da kayan aikinsu na magani. Wannan bishiyar ta ɓullo da wata babbar dabara don hana dabbobi farmaki ta hanyar samar da 'ya'yan itace marasa iri.

Descripción

Itacen Elm, wanda a kimiyance aka sani da sunan Ulmus small, yana daga cikin ganyaye, wato takan rasa ganyenta duk shekara. Wannan nau'in na iya kaiwa tsayin mita 40, kututturensa na da girma saboda karfinsa, wanda yakan zama rami yayin da ya tsufa. Bawon wannan nau'in yana fashe cikin sauƙi, launinsa yana da launin toka kuma yana da wuyar taɓawa. Amma ga ganyen, wanda ya fi daukar hankali a cikin wannan bishiyar, kore ne da hakori wanda ya zama rawaya yayin da kaka ke gabatowa kuma suka fara fadowa a zahiri. Ana gabatar da 'ya'yan itace ba tare da tsaba ba, wanda yawanci ana tarwatsa tare da iska, godiya ga haskensa har ma yana iya iyo a cikin ruwa.

Haraji

Ita wannan bishiyar a kimiyance ake kiranta da sunan Ulmus small, a harshen Latin ana kiranta da Ulmus small Mill amma galibi ana kiranta Elm common ko Negrillo. Nasa ne na masarautar Plantae, na asalin Ulmuse, Family Ulmaceae, tsakanin magnoliopphyta, a cikin ajin Magnoliopsida da kuma a cikin subclass na hamamelidae. Yana daga cikin oda urtclaes.

Yadda Ake Gane Bishiyar Elm

Don sanin lokacin da kuke gaban itacen Elm ya zama dole ku kiyaye waɗannan abubuwan da kyau. Na farko, ganyen sa ne masu santsi, tare da fiffiken koli mai kyau, tare da gefen haƙori da veined. A gefen sama suna da santsi, amma a ƙarƙashinsu sun zama masu gashi, suna iya auna tsakanin 10 zuwa 15 cm tsayi. Na biyu, akwai haushi, wanda yake da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazanta da manyan tsagi. Launin sa ya bambanta daga launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa.

Yanzu, wannan ya bambanta bisa ga nau'in Elm, a cikin yanayin zama na Siberiya, gangar jikinsa ya zama ɓaci, kore ko orange. The European Elm ko kuma aka sani da White Elm, gangar jikinsa yana nan santsi har a lokacin balaga. Siffa ta uku da ake iya lura da ita ita ce tsayi, wannan nau'in bishiyar tana kai matsakaicin tsayin mita 40 kuma tsayinta mai tsayi yana iya kaiwa tsayin mita 37. Yana bayyana reshe a cikin sassa biyu ko fiye, koyaushe a cikin saɓani.

Nau'in Bishiyar Elm

Akwai nau'ikan Elms iri-iri a cikin duniya, amma mafi kyawun sanannun jinsin su ne Ulmus genus da Zelkova. Ulmus yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan irin su glabar ko dutsen dutse, yana girma a Turai a cikin yankuna masu tsaunuka, ya kai tsayin mita 40, yana da kambi mai yawa tare da madadin ganye. Pumila, ana iya samun wannan ciyawar daji a ciki Indiya, Siberiya, Arewacin China da Koriya, kawai ya kai tsayin mita 25, kambi ya fi kunkuntar amma kamar ganye. Ƙananan ulmus ko kuma wanda aka fi sani da negrillo, shine ya fi kowa, asali daga Spain, kamar glabar, ya kai har zuwa mita 40. Laevis, a cikin wannan yanayin kambinsa yana da asymmetrical kuma ƙananan rassan kuma ya kai tsayin mita 30.

Dangane da jinsin Zelkova, an raba shi zuwa parvifolia, wanda zai iya kaiwa tsayin kusan mita 20, wanda, ba kamar sauran ba, zai iya zama rabin-perennial bisa yanayin yanayi. Ya fito ne daga Asiya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake kuma san shi da Elm na kasar Sin. Nire, a nata bangare, bambancinsa kawai shine ganyen sun yi ƙanƙanta kuma kambinsa yana da yawa. The serrata, wanda ake samu a Japan, Koriya, Gabashin China da Taiwan, yana da kama da nire, amma yana da kambi mai buɗewa da tsayi har zuwa mita 35.

Yanayin Elm

Itacen Elm ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan kyawawan nau'ikan nau'ikan kyawawan halaye, godiya ga babban juriya ga wasu yanayi amma yana da rauni ga nau'in naman gwari wanda ya haifar da matsaloli da yawa ga wannan nau'in kyawawa da ƙima. Bayan haka, muna gabatar da yanayin kyakkyawan ci gaba da kula da wannan bishiyar.

Habitat

Elm ya fito ne daga Turai, Yammacin Asiya da Arewacin Afirka. Wadannan bishiyoyi dole ne a dasa su kai tsaye a kasa da kuma wurin da ke da isasshen sarari saboda girman girmansu, kuma tushensu yakan zama babba, masu mamayewa da kuma karfi sosai, don haka ana so su kasance da nisa daga gine-gine, bututu da lafazin. .

Rusticity

Game da daidaitawa da yanayin, itacen Elm yana haɓaka mafi kyau a yanayin yanayi, kodayake yana iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 18 digiri, yana ba shi damar fuskantar wasu nau'ikan kwari da cututtuka. Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa yana buƙatar hasken rana kai tsaye idan zai yiwu a cikin yini.

Watse

Wannan nau'in bishiyar yana buƙatar danshi mai yawa, amma yana iya tsayayya da fari. A lokacin mafi zafi na shekara, Elm yana buƙatar shayarwa 3 ko 4 a mako don zama lafiya da ƙarfi. Dole ne ban ruwa ya kasance mai yawa don substrate yana da babban matakin zafi kuma idan zai yiwu a bar ruwa kadan, wannan yana wartsakewa kuma yana kiyaye tushen a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin.

Tierra

Itacen Elm ba nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in ƙasa ba ne, kawai abin da dole ne a yi la'akari da shi shi ne cewa yana da kyau, tare da magudanar ruwa mai kyau don mafi kyawun kayan abinci. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ana takin aƙalla sau biyu a shekara, a ƙarshen lokacin hunturu da kuma lokacin bazara, idan ƙasar ba ta da yawa.

Mai jan tsami

Ita wannan bishiyar ba ta buqatar datsawa, domin kyawunta da girmanta yana cikin siffar da rawanin ta ke samu. Amma idan ya fara gabatar da rassan busassun da ke shafar bayyanarsa, yana da kyau a aiwatar da pruning irin tsaftacewa.

Al'adu

Game da Bishiyar Elm, ana yin haifuwarta ta hanyar tsaba waɗanda suke da girma cikin sauƙi. Dole ne shukar shuka ta kasance a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi mai zurfi, yana da kyau a shuka su kusa da koguna saboda yawan zafi da suke buƙata. Zai fi dacewa a yi shi a lokacin kaka saboda yanayin yanayi.

Elm kwari da cututtuka

Kamar kowane itace, Elm yana da rauni ga wasu kwari kamar caterpillars, waɗanda ke cin ganye. Larvae na beetles da ake kira elm galeruca, wani nau'in kwari ne na yau da kullum, suna lalata ganyen gaba daya kuma kawai suna barin jijiyoyi. A fagen arenillo kuwa, sukan kai hari ne kawai itatuwan da suka riga sun tsufa da rauni. Kwari irin su Drill sun huda kuma suna lalata bawon bishiyar. Don kawar da duk waɗannan kwari da samun damar samun bishiya mai ganye, yana da kyau a fesa maganin kashe kwari kamar malathion.

Dangane da cututtuka, Elm ya kasance mai rauni kafin harin naman gwari mai suna Ceratocystis ulmi ko Ophiostoma ulmi, wanda ƙwaro ke ɗaukarsa yana haifar da wata cuta mai suna elm graphiosis, wanda ke toshe hanyoyin sarrafa ruwan 'ya'yan itace. yana haifar da mutuwar wannan samfurin a cikin kwanaki 20. Wannan naman gwari ya kawar da kusan kashi 80% na elms a duniya yana sanya shi cikin jerin nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari. Yana da mahimmanci a nuna cewa dangane da wannan halin da ake ciki, an fara aiki a kan abin da za a kira elms exotic (laboratory) don gabatar da su a cikin sararin samaniya, amma ba tare da halaye na nau'in asali ba.

Symbology

Al’adun gargajiya da alamomin bishiyoyi sun samo asali ne tun a zamanin da, inda ake danganta wasu alloli da su, saboda amfanin su, karancinsu, girmansu ko tsayin daka, an dauke su nau’i ne masu tsarki. Game da Elm, yana wakiltar ƙauna mai aminci da madawwami don tsawon rayuwarsa, tun da akwai samfurori da suka kasance a baya shekaru 310. Hakanan yana da alaƙa da mutuwa da sake haifuwa. A Turai ance itace ce ke da goblins masu kula da matattu. A da, ana dasa layuka na waɗannan bishiyu a ƙofofin gidajen zuhudu, majami'u ko murabba'ai a matsayin alamar biyayya da sadaukarwa.

Amfani da aikace-aikace na Elm

Itacen Elm ba wai kawai yana alfahari da dukiyar samar da inuwa mai ban sha'awa da kyan gani ba, yana da mahimmanci a cikin masana'antar itace, tun lokacin da mahallinsa yana da sauƙin malleable, tun da ana iya amfani dashi don benaye, furniture, a matsayin kayan ado, tun bayan lokaci. sai ya yi duhu, wajen fayyace kayan kida, domin kera gine-ginen da za a iya nutsewa saboda tsananin juriya da ruwa da kuma kera jiragen ruwa.

Ita kuma wannan bishiyar an samar da sinadarai na magani, domin shan shayin da aka yi da ganyen alkama ko kuma da bawon don yin tincture, na iya taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin kamar: ciwon hanji, ciwon ciki, basir, ciwon ciki, kumburi, tari, ciwon makogwaro, maganin zawo, herpes, mucilage yana taimakawa wajen rage kumburi, yana da gina jiki, kwantar da hankali, don kumburi na gastrointestinal. Ana kuma amfani da ita don samar da abinci ga jarirai da manya a matakin masana'antu, da kuma samar da magunguna da aka nuna don ciwon makogwaro.

Contraindications

Ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan game da amfani da shi ga mata masu juna biyu ko masu zargin kasancewarsa, tun da wannan ƙwayar cuta na iya haifar da kumburi, haifar da zubar da ciki. Har ila yau a cikin lokacin lactation saboda an rubuta tasirinsa akan yaron, saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole don tuntuɓar likita. Ko da Olmo yana da lafiya, an nuna cewa idan ya zo daidai da magunguna na asali na sinadarai yakan rage tasirinsa, don haka ana ba da shawarar shan jiko na Olmo akalla sa'a daya bayan shan maganin don tabbatar da tasirinsa.

Abubuwan son sani game da Bishiyar Elm

Ƙwarƙwarar da ke cutar da Olmo na iya ɗaukar har zuwa dubu ɗari na naman gwari Ceratocystis ulmi wanda ke haifar da kusan mutuwar wannan kyakkyawan samfurin. A zamanin da, ana daure dawakai da jakuna a kan bishiyar ciyawar don samun sauƙin numfashi. Ita dai wannan bishiyar a ko da yaushe tana da alaka da mulki, kamar yadda labarin ya nuna cewa an yi adalci a karkashin inuwar wannan bishiyar mai daraja. Elm yana iya ba da 'ya'yan itace da fure ba tare da ganye ba.

Kalli bidiyon da ke gaba kuma ku ƙarin koyo game da Bishiyar Elm, za ku so shi!

Idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da bishiyoyi, waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin za su iya ba ku sha'awa.

Nau'in Bishiyoyi

hazel

itacen mahogany