Dabbobin Duniya: Nau'i, Halaye da ƙari

Dabbobin duniya su ne halittun da suke aiwatar da mafi yawan rayuwarsu a doron kasa saboda haka sun dace da jiki da ta jiki ga rayuwa nesa da ruwa. Za su iya tafiyar da rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a saman duniya ko yin tsalle ta bishiya, ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko cikin kogo, wuraren da suka dace da su.

Dabbobin ƙasa

Dabbobin ƙasa ana siffanta su da nau'in dabbobin da ke rayuwa a farko ko gaba ɗaya a ƙasa, sabanin dabbobin ruwa, waɗanda suke rayuwa da farko ko gaba ɗaya a cikin ruwa, ko kuma amphibians, waɗanda suka dogara da cakuɗen yanayin ƙasa da na ruwa.

Jikunansu sun daidaita kuma a shirye suke su yi rarrafe, gudu, tafiya ko tashi, ya danganta da inda suke rayuwa a duniya. Dabbobin ƙasa suna buƙatar iskar oxygen don tsira; Mafi yawansu suna da huhu kuma abincin su akai-akai ne wasu ƙananan dabbobi ko tsire-tsire. Wasu suna da girman kai, wasu kuma suna da girma.

Dabbobin da ke cikin kasa an karkasa su a matsayin dukkan nau’in halittun da ke rayuwa a doron kasa, kuma ko da na gida ne ko na daji, suna raya rayuwarsu gaba daya a doron kasa.

Menene Dabbobin Duniya?

Bayan farkon duniya, rayuwa ta samo asali ne daga ruwa, kuma ta yadu zuwa saman duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 500 da suka wuce, lokacin da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na farko suka bar ruwa. Siffofin dabba na farko sun ci gaba da kusan shekaru miliyan 70 daga baya, waɗanda suka ƙunshi galibi na arthropods da kasusuwan kasusuwa.

Da farko, da kyar dabbobin suka yi tafiya ta ƙasa daga wannan muhallin ruwa zuwa wani cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Amma damar samun abinci da ƙasa daga yankin nahiyoyi, da gasa mai tsauri a cikin ruwa, sun inganta daidaitawa zuwa busasshiyar ƙasa. Hanyar daidaita dabbobi zuwa ƙasar da ta fito ana kiranta terrestrialization.

A halin yanzu, dabbobin ƙasa suna da kaso mai mahimmanci na rayuwa a duniya, suna da yawa sosai kuma kusan suna da wadata kamar na ruwa. Ana samun mafi girman girman waɗannan dabbobi a cikin dazuzzuka masu ɗanɗano da ɗumi. Duk da haka, an daidaita shi zuwa kusan dukkanin yanayi, yanayi da yankunan duniya.

Halayen Dabbobin Duniya

Akwai sifofi masu yawa da ke bambance dabbobin ƙasa, kuma waɗanda ke ƙayyadad da hanyar zama da motsinsu a duniya. Haka nan, idan aka yi la’akari da tsarin jikinsu, bambancinsu da sauran nau’in dabbobin yana bayyana ne ta hanyar tafiya daga wannan wuri zuwa wancan.

Dabbobin ƙasa sun yi jerin matakai na juyin halitta, ta hanyar da yanayi ya ba su halayen da suke da su a yau. Wannan nau'i na daidaitawa ga muhalli ana kiransa zaɓin yanayi, kuma ba komai ba ne illa samun ikon tunani, ayyuka da ƙwarewa waɗanda ke ba shi damar rayuwa a saman ƙasa mara kyau.

Dabbobin duniya a duk tsawon rayuwarsu sun kasance a matsayin abin da ya fi mayar da hankali kan neman abin dogaro da kansu da kuma 'ya'yansu. Dole ne su kasance a faɗakar da haɗari tun da wasu mafarauta na iya kai musu hari a kowane hali ko lokaci. Don kiyaye nau'in jinsin, dole ne a kiyaye yanayin haifuwa inda a wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan dole ne namiji ya zarge mace kafin saduwa.

Halin dan Adam ya haifar da tabarbarewar wurin zama na wani bangare mai yawa na nau'in dabbobin kasa, wanda tasirinsa ya tilasta musu canza salon rayuwarsu, kuma a wasu lokuta zuwa irin canjin abincinsu.

Matsayin Duniya

Ba shi da sauƙi a rarraba dabbobin ƙasa, tun da ainihin abin da ke da alaƙa da su kawai shine rayuwa daga ruwa. Amma mafi yawansu suna da zagayowar haihuwa wanda har yanzu yana buƙatarsa, ko dai lokacin da suka shiga wani matakin tsutsa na ruwa, ko kuma lokacin da suke buƙatar sanya ƙwai a cikin ruwa, da dai sauransu.

Kalmar terrestrial yawanci ana amfani da ita ne ga nau'ikan da ke yin rayuwarsu ta farko a ƙasa, sabanin nau'in arboreal, waɗanda ke ciyar da lokacinsu galibi akan rassan bishiyoyi. Akwai wasu kalmomin da ba a yi amfani da su ba waɗanda aka yi amfani da su ga ƙungiyoyin dabbobin ƙasa tare da takamaiman wurin zama:

• Sasicolous ko rupicolous jinsuna ne da ke zaune a kan duwatsu. Kalmar saxicola ta fito daga Latin Saxum wanda ke nufin "dutse".
• Su arenicolas suna yin rayuwarsu cikin yashi da tsakuwa iri-iri.
• troglobites, hypogea ko troglobiontes waɗanda ke rayuwa galibi a cikin kogo.
• Na saman. Waɗannan dabbobin da ke rayuwa keɓantattu a saman duniya.
• karkashin kasa. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke rayuwa a cikin saman saman duniya.
• Flyers. Wadanda suke da fuka-fuki da masu musanya tsakanin saman duniya, bishiyoyi, tsaunuka, da sauransu.

Haraji

Mallakar kasa na daya daga cikin manya-manyan abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin rayuwa a doron kasa, wanda ya haifar da ci gaban nau'o'in terrestrial na phyla daban-daban (wani nau'in nau'in nau'in dabba) na dabbobi, daga cikinsu akwai kashin baya. ., arthropods da molluscs sun zo don wakiltar ƙungiyoyin da suka fi nasara a tsakanin dabbobin ƙasa.

Dabbobin da ke ƙasa ba su samar da tsafi ɗaya ba (reshe na bishiyar phylogenetic), sun raba gaskiyar rayuwa a ƙasa kawai. Canjin yanayi daga yanayin ruwa zuwa na kasa ya samu ci gaba ta hanyar cin gashin kansa da nasara a lokuta da yawa a rukunin dabbobi daban-daban.Yawancin azuzuwan duniya sun samo asali ne daga yanayi mai dumi ko sanyi ta hanyar Paleozoic da Mesozoic, duk da haka dabbobi kadan ne suka zama cikakke. terrestrial a lokacin Cenozoic.

Ban da ƙwayoyin cuta na ciki, nau'in da ke zaune a cikin yanayin ƙasa suna wakiltar phyla goma da aka nuna a ƙasa: platyhelminths, nemertines, nematodes, rotifers, tardigrades (ruwa bears), onychophorans, arthropods, molluscs (gastropods: katantanwa na ƙasa da slugs da annelids). tetrapods (chordates). Akwai ƙananan halittu, irin su nematodes, tardigrades da rotifers waɗanda ke buƙatar fim ɗin ruwa don tsira, saboda haka, ba a la'akari da su gaba ɗaya na duniya.

Flatworms, nemertines, onychophorans, da annelids sun dogara ne akan yanayin danshi, kamar yadda centipede da millipede arthropods suke. Sauran phyla guda uku, arthropods, molluscs, da chordates, sun ƙunshi nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i).

Tsarin Jikin Dabbobin Duniya

Suna da tsarin tsarin jiki da na jiki wanda ke ba su damar aiwatar da ayyukan yau da kullun don tsira da ciyar da kansu. An daidaita tsarin su ta hanya mafi kyau ga bukatun da suke fuskanta yau da kullum, don haka suna iya aiwatar da ayyukan rayuwa. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ciyarwa, iya numfashi, haifuwa da aiwatar da ayyukan farauta.

Akwai wasu abubuwa da suka yi tasiri ga ci gaban jikinsu:

• Wuraren da suke zama sun tsara hanyoyin da suke kewayawa. Primates suna da dogon hannaye don tsalle ta bishiyu, alal misali.
• Abincin da suke ci ya gyara hakora da hanci. Wasu dabbobi suna da manya-manyan hakora waɗanda ke ba su damar taunawa, yagewa da murƙushe abinci.
• Maharan da suke tserewa daga gare su sun haifar da haɓakar hankalinsu ta hanya mai mahimmanci.
• Yanayin wuraren da suke da zama ya haifar da daidaita gashin gashin halittun kasa zuwa yanayi mai tsanani, ta yadda dabbobi irin su polar bear, ban da girman su, fatarsu tana da kauri don jurewa sanyi.

Hakazalika, girman jikin waɗannan dabbobin ƙasa yana ƙayyade tsarin ƙasusuwansu. Wasu ƙananan dabbobi ba a ba su ƙasusuwa don ɗaukar nauyin jikinsu ba, wanda muke kira dabbobi masu rarrafe. A daya bangaren kuma, an baiwa manyan dabbobi da kashin baya, wanda ke ba su damar mikewa tsaye.

Numfashi

Dabbobi, da kowane nau'in rayuwa, suna buƙatar iskar oxygen don tsira. An bambanta wasu nau'ikan dabbobi daga wasu ta hanyar tsarin da ake amfani da su don samun iskar oxygen daga yanayin da ke kewaye da su. Daga abin da ya gabata an san cewa akwai hanyoyi daban-daban da dabbobi ke samun iskar oxygen. An yi watsi da gills da sauran tsarin numfashi na ruwa, don neman musayar iskar gas. Ana samun iskar oxygen daga iska ta huhu, tracheas, ko ta fata kai tsaye.

Hanyar huhu ita ce hanyar da dabbobi ke shigar da iska a cikin jikinsu ta ramuka, daga bisani a sarrafa su ta hanyar gabobin ciki da ake kira huhu. Ta wannan hanya, dabbobi suna ɗaukar iskar da ke kewaye da su, wanda ke ba su damar rayuwa.

Hanyar kawo iska cikin jiki ana kiranta inhalation. A duk lokacin da huhu ke sarrafa iskar, ana samar da wasu abubuwan sharar gida a cikin nau'in iskar gas, wadanda ake fitar da su ta ramukan shiga guda daya. Wannan tsari na ƙarshe shine ake kira exhalation, kuma duk abubuwan da ke sama tare shine hanyar numfashi wanda duk dabbobin ƙasa suka hadu.

Locomotion

Tunda jiki yayi nauyi a cikin ruwa fiye da iska, dabbobin ƙasa suna buƙatar tsarin ƙasusuwa masu ƙarfi, ba cartilaginous ba, musamman a cikin gaɓoɓin da ke tallafa musu. A cikin yanayin arthropods, kwarangwal yana waje (exoskeleton) kuma a cikin vertebrates, ciki (endoskeleton). Akwai keɓancewa ga wannan ka'ida, kamar yadda ya faru tare da halittu masu sauƙi tare da jiki masu tsayi kamar tsutsotsi, waɗanda ba su da kwarangwal.

Wannan tsari yana bayyana yadda suke motsawa ko motsi akan ƙasan ƙasa. Dangane da abubuwan da ke sama, ana iya rarraba dabbobi bisa ga yanayin motsinsu zuwa rukuni biyu: hudu da bipeds. Duk waɗannan dabbobin da suke tafiya tare da tallafi akan ƙafafu huɗu ana kiran su huɗu. Misalin su: zakuna, saniya, tigers, panthers, da sauransu. A daya bangaren kuma, dabbobi masu bibiyu, su ne wadanda ke tafiya da tallafi da kafafuwa biyu, irin su jiminai, gorilla, ’ya’yan fari da sauransu.

Busassun Hankali

Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci don kama ganima ko kare mafarauci masu gani, wari da ji kuma waɗanda ke ba su damar bambance ɗaya daga ɗayan, dole ne, a cikin yanayin dabbobin ƙasa, su dace da iska, wanda raƙuman sauti ke motsawa. da sannu a hankali kuma akwai ƙarin haske mai yawa.

Rigakafin Desiccation

Kasancewar a cikin muhallin da danshi ke zubar da shi maimakon samunsa, dole ne dabbobin kasa su kasance da isassun gashin gashin da zai hana asararsa ko hanyoyin da za su jika shi, da kuma abubuwan da ke kare shi daga sanyi ko zafi, kamar gashi, gashin fuka-fukai da sauransu. Don haka, dabbobin da suke yin ƙwai sun daidaita ƙwayayen su don su kasance da harsashi mai ƙarfi don hana su bushewa.

Ciyar da Dabbobin Duniya

Dangane da nau'i da ingancin abincin da suke ci, ana iya karkasa dabbobin ƙasa zuwa kashi uku masu zuwa:

Masu cin nama

Dabbobin masu cin nama sun dogara ne akan nama, don haka galibin wadannan dabbobin ana karkasa su a matsayin mafarauta tunda suna farautar wasu dabbobi don ci da namansu. Akwai, duk da haka, wasu dabbobin da ba sa buƙatar farauta don ciyar da nama.

Sun cancanta a matsayin masu zaɓe, waɗanda abincinsu ya dogara ne akan ragowar dabbobin da suka mutu. Masu ɓarna suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin mu, yayin da suke kawar da tarkace, tsaftace muhalli da kuma taimakawa wajen sake yin amfani da su.

Ciyawar dabbobi

Abincin dabbobi masu tsire-tsire ya dogara da farko akan tsire-tsire, da 'ya'yan itatuwa, tushen, tsaba da itace. Wadannan dabbobin ba sa bukatar cin nama a matsayin wani bangare na abincinsu. Irin wannan abinci ba shi da yawan sinadirai kamar nama, don haka don samun cikakken abinci, dole ne a ci da yawa.

Don wannan, suna ciyar da yawancin lokacinsu don ciyarwa. Dabbobin ciyawa na iya cinye fiye da kilogiram 40 a kullum, duk domin su kula da jikinsu da isasshen kuzari don rayuwa.

omnivores

A cikin wannan rukunin za mu iya samun waɗannan dabbobin da suke ciyar da nama da tsire-tsire. Ba sa bin abinci mai tsauri, don haka ire-iren waɗannan dabbobi suna da sassauci sosai idan ana maganar cin abinci. Da yake abincinsu ya bambanta, yana yiwuwa su sami abinci ba tare da ƙoƙari sosai ba.

Nau'in Gidajen Dabbobin Duniya

Wurin da dabbobin ƙasa ke mamaye shi ke ƙayyade wurin zama, inda hamada, ɗanɗano da sauran nau'ikan za su iya kasancewa, don haka akwai babban bambanci.

Jungle

Ana kuma san su da dazuzzukan ruwan sama tun da wuri ne da zafi ke kasancewa. Sun ƙunshi babban bambancin nau'in dabbobi. Tsire-tsirensa suna da yawa, tun da a cikin waɗannan yankuna ana iya samun tsire-tsire da bishiyoyi da yawa, wanda ya sa su zama wurin da dabbobi masu ciyawa ke bi. Dabbobi masu cin nama da yawa kuma suna cin moriyar dazuzzukan tunda yana ba su damar kama ciyayi masu rauni waɗanda galibi suna cin ciyawa da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Bosque

Kamar dai yadda dazuzzukan ke cike da ciyayi, inda dimbin itatuwa ke taimakawa wajen kara yawan iskar oxygen a duniya. Ta hanyar hanyoyin sinadarai irin su photosynthesis, tsire-tsire suna canza carbon dioxide zuwa oxygen.

Wadannan nau'o'in mazauni suna fuskantar barazanar sare dazuzzuka, saboda a kullum ana sare itatuwa masu yawa domin biyan bukatun dan Adam na itace. Irin waɗannan ayyuka ba su da kyau suna shafar ba kawai waɗannan aljannar da dabbobi ke rayuwa a cikin su ba, har ma suna rage yawan iskar oxygen da waɗannan gandun daji ke taimakawa ga yanayin.

Desierto

Busassu ne kuma kufai wuraren da dabbobi kaɗan ke rayuwa a cikinsu. Ruwan sama kadan ne kuma rayuwa tana da matukar wahala ga wadanda ke zaune a wurin. Duk da haka, ƴan dabbobin da ke mamaye waɗannan wuraren sun haɓaka hanyoyin da ke ba su damar rayuwa da ƙarancin ruwa ko kuma da ƙarancin damar adana shi.

Nau'in Dabbobin Duniya

Dangane da yadda suke hayayyafa, an kuma karkasa dabbobin kasa zuwa kungiyoyi daban-daban. Wato:

Dabbobi masu shayarwa

Ana kuma san su da viviparous, kuma mafi yawansu sun ƙunshi dukan dabbobin da, kafin a haife su, ana yin su a cikin mahaifar uwayensu. Duk lokacin da aka haifi maraƙi, yakan shayar da mahaifiyarsa ta cikin mammary gland. Ana ciyar da maraƙi tare da madarar mahaifiyarsa a lokacin farkon ci gabansa. Da zarar haƙoranku suka girma za ku iya fara cin abinci na wani ƙarfi.

Waɗannan dabbobin suna da alaƙa da samun jini mai ɗumi, don haka suna iya daidaita zafin jiki. Sun dace da yanayin zafi ko sanyi. Za a iya raba sashin wannan rukunin zuwa kashi uku na dabbobi masu shayarwa:

• Placentals: Haihuwa a cikin mahaifa kamar mutane da yawa sauran dabbobi hudu, kamar shanu, karnuka, kuliyoyi, da dai sauransu.
• marsupials: Ana iya samun nau'ikan dabbobi iri-iri a cikin wannan rukunin waɗanda lokacin ciki ya faru tare da haɓakar zuriya a cikin jakar da ake kira marsupium.
• Monotremes: Wannan rukunin, sabanin sauran biyun, ba a cikin dabbobi masu rarrafe ba, amma ta dabbobin oviparous, wato, suna yin ƙwai. Kadan lokuta inda kasancewar dabbobi irin su platypus ya fito fili.

Oviparous

Samuwar amfrayo na wadannan dabbobi yana faruwa a cikin kwai, kuma wannan tsari yana iya faruwa a ciki ko waje. A wajen haifuwa, mace ta kan yi kwai, sai namijin ya yi takinsa da maniyyinsa. Ana kula da kwan a lokacin da ci gaban amfrayo ke faruwa, ta yadda a karshe yayan ya karya kwan da za a haifa.

A cikin haifuwar mace, namijin da ke cikin jikinta ne ke haihu. A lokacin da uwa ta yi kwan, an riga an yi takinsa. Matasa daga waɗannan ƙwai sun riga sun kusan samuwa a lokacin haihuwa, suna shirye su zauna da mu'amala da duniyar waje. Ɗaya daga cikin keɓancewar waɗannan dabbobin shine abin lura, kuma shine cewa zasu iya haifar da zuriya mafi girma fiye da dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Sinularities a cikin nau'ikan

Kowane nau'in dabba yana da jeri na keɓancewa waɗanda aka gabatar da su a matsayin kyakkyawa ga ɗan adam. A matsayin wani ɓangare na namomin ƙasa muna da namun daji da yawa, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da rashin zama kusa da mutane. Kuma wannan fiye da komai ya faru ne saboda haɗarin da za su iya nufi gare mu. Dabbobi ne wadanda idan aka yi la’akari da yanayinsu na rashin karewa, dole ne su kula da kansu kuma dole ne su sayi abincinsu.

An san su a cikin dabbobin ƙasa, wasu waɗanda ke shirye su zauna a cikin matsanancin yanayi, tare da yanayin zafi ko ƙarancin yuwuwar samun ruwa. Ya isa sanin wani abu game da waɗannan nau'o'in, kamar sanin abin da dabbobin hamada suke: su ne waɗanda dole ne su dace da yanayin da ba su da lafiya don haka za su iya rayuwa a cikinsa: kamar raƙuma, kwari, kadangare da ƙwaro.

Daga cikin abubuwan da wasu nau’in halittu suke da su, muna da dabbobin da ba kasafai ba, wadanda ba mu da iliminsu, ko dai saboda suna zaune a kebabbun wurare, ko kuma don sun bambanta da mu.

terrestrialization

Wasu shaidun burbushin halittu sun nuna cewa kimanin shekaru miliyan 530 da suka gabata ne aka fara fara hawan kasa da wasu halittun teku masu alaka da arthropods suka yi. Duk da haka, babu wani dalili na gaskata cewa rayuwar dabbobi a duniya ta fara a wannan lokacin.

Wata kila ka'idar ta nuna cewa dalilin da ya sa wadannan arthropods na farko suka shiga busasshiyar kasa shi ne saduwa da juna (kamar yadda kaguwar doki ke yi a yau) ko kuma su ajiye ƙwayayen da ba za su iya kai wa ba. kifayen da suka fi dacewa da rayuwa a cikin magudanar ruwa mai zurfi ko kuma fadama, sun fi samun yuwuwar su zama masu amfibiya maimakon kakanninsu na arthropod.

Godiya ga muscular da partially karfi wata gabar jiki (mai iya ɗaukar nauyi, sabili da haka mafi dacewa fiye da flippers a cikin m ruwa) da pre- kasance huhu a hade tare da gills, wadannan halittu sun iya kafa kansu decisively a kan ƙasa a karshen Devonian lokaci. Saboda wannan dalili, ana ɗaukar su kusan zama magabatan gama gari na duk tetrapods na zamani.

Misalai na Dabbobin Duniya

Anan akwai jerin wasu dabbobin ƙasa tare da wasu halaye na musamman:

Giwa (Loxodonta africana). 'Yan asalin Afirka da Indiya, wannan babba mai ƙafafu huɗu masu shayarwa suna cin abinci na tushen shuka. An san shi don babban akwati mai ƙarfi wanda zai iya sarrafa abubuwa da shi har ma da yin amfani da shi don yin wanka na ruwa. Yawancin wayewa masu nisa sun yi amfani da su azaman tankunan yaƙi.

Lion (Panthera leo). Ita ce mafi girma na dabbar dabbar dabbar da ke cikin duniyarmu kuma wacce aka fi sani da sarkin savannah na Afirka. Wannan ƙaton dabbar da Jawo mai launin rawaya, wadda aka haifa a matsayin mafarauci, tana cikin haɗarin bacewa. Maza suna da maƙarƙashiya mai duhu wanda ya dace da su.

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Shahararriyar Jawo mai launin rawaya mai kyan gani mai launin ruwan kasa na geometric, kuma ga dogayen wuyansa wanda ke ba shi damar ciyar da manyan ganyen bishiyu, wannan dabbar ta hudu daga Afirka tana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun sanin dan Adam.

Panda bear (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Yana daya daga cikin shuke-shuken da ya fi dacewa da Jawo a duniya: baki da fari, kuma yana ciyar da kusan bamboo. An yi la'akari, watakila, shahararren dabbar Asiya a kan gab da halaka. Yawanci suna da hankali, malalaci da jin daɗi, nauyin kilo 70 zuwa 100.

Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). Wannan katon dabbobi masu rarrafe na kasar Indonesia na iya samun tsawon fiye da mita biyu da nauyin kusan kilo 90. Yana da cizo mai hatsarin gaske, tunda yana da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin cuta a bakinsa.

Jimina (Struthio camelus). Babban tsuntsu mai gudu, wanda ya fito daga Afirka da wasu yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda zai iya yin gudun kilomita 70 a cikin sa'a a cikin tseren. Kuna da ƙananan fuka-fuki waɗanda ba su da amfani don tashi, da kuma dogon wuyan fuka-fuki.

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). Iri-iri na primates masu launin orange tare da dogon gashi, masu hankali sosai kuma tare da al'adun arboreal. Juyin halitta suna da alaƙa mai zurfi da ɗan adam. Na ɗabi'un kaɗaici, abincin sa yana dogara ne kawai akan 'ya'yan itatuwa, ganye da tushensu.

Ga wasu abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar:

• Dabbobi masu shayarwa
• Dabbobin ruwa