da dabbobin bakin teku akwai da yawa kamar yadda aka samu a wasu nau'ikan mazaunin, akwai yankuna da yawa na bakin teku a duniya amma a cikin wannan sakon za mu ambaci wasu nau'ikan (ciki har da wasu da ke cikin haɗarin bacewa) waɗanda ke zaune a gabar tekun Mexico, Peru, Ecuador da bakin tekun Bahar Rum gabaɗaya.
Wadanne dabbobi ne bangare na fauna na bakin teku?
A ka'ida, lokacin da ake magana game da bakin teku, ana yin la'akari da gabar teku ko kuma haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasa da teku, amma a ma'anar gaba ɗaya an bayyana shi a matsayin gefen nahiya ko tsibirin da ke kan iyaka da wani yanki mai yawa. ruwa (teku). Ko da yake a lokacin da ake maganar bakin teku, ana kuma yin ishara da wuraren da ke kusa da wannan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ƙasa da teku, ta wannan hanyar yana da kyau a ce akwai garuruwan bakin teku. Ma'anar ma'anar da aka yi amfani da ita lokacin da ake magana akan bakin teku shine "layin teku."
Abubuwa ba kawai yashi da teku ko kasa da teku ba, za su iya zama wurare dabam-dabam da ke dauke da duwatsu ko duwatsu da kuma kasa ko yashi, saboda yanayin birnin ya shafe su, ta hanyar igiyar ruwa da ke ja da duwatsu. bakin teku da sauran abubuwa, saboda ayyukan ɗan adam ko kuma kawai saboda ayyukan nazarin halittu waɗanda ke canza wurare da yawa akan lokaci. Sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam ne wasu ƙasashe ke neman rage yawan mutanen da ke cikin abubuwan da kuma gurɓata su.
Manufar ba wai kawai don adana waɗannan shimfidar wurare ba ne (waɗanda aka canza lokacin da aka sanya "kariyar bakin teku") har ma da dabbobin da za su iya rayuwa a cikin su, ba kawai a kan rairayin bakin teku ba har ma a tsibirin duniya, wuraren da mutane ke zuwa. jin dadin ku. A wannan lokacin, ba za a iya ambaton gurɓacewar ɗan adam ba, domin yana shafar wurare da yawa a cikin biranen duniya da kuma dabbobin da ke zaune a cikin su.
A bakin teku, alal misali, dolphins na iya rayuwa, whales, seagulls, penguins, kunkuru na teku kamar su. galapagos kunkuru, a tsakanin sauran dabbobi. Komai zai dogara ne akan nau'in bakin teku, waɗannan na iya zama tsayin tsayi, tsaka-tsaki, volcanic, rairayin bakin teku na Dalmatian, estuaries, fjords, coves, tare da ski, tsaunin dutse, fadama, deltaic, dune, da sauransu. Duk waɗannan dabbobin suna iya kasancewa a sararin sama, a cikin teku ko kuma fitowa daga ƙarƙashin teku a wasu lokuta.
A bakin tekun za a iya ganin nau'in flora da fauna iri-iri, a cikin wannan shigarwa za a yi la'akari da wasu yankuna na musamman guda uku waɗanda ke kula da dabbobi da yawa da kuma wasu waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin bacewa, yawancin waɗannan nau'ikan an haife su kuma sun samo asali a wannan gefen duniya. da sauran da suka zo da zama a can albarkacin hijirar da suka yi, dole ne mu tuna cewa saboda jima'i da kuma haifuwa na nau'in nau'in dabbobin da yawa suna yin hijira tare da gina gidajensu a wasu wuraren da suke zama mafi yawan shekara.
Wasu dabbobin bakin teku
Dabbobi iri-iri suna rayuwa a yankunan bakin teku, wasu daga cikin waɗannan za a ambata a ƙasa.
Humpback Whale
Humpback Whale na dangin Balaenopteridae yana da sunan kimiyya "Megaptera novaeangliae", yana auna tsakanin mita goma sha biyu zuwa goma sha shida kuma yana iya yin nauyi kilo 36.000 ko ma fiye. Girman girmansu ya dauki hankulan mutane da yawa saboda yawanci suna ninkaya zuwa sama sannan su fada cikin ruwa kamar yawancin nau'in ruwa masu son wasan motsa jiki.
Ana samun wannan whale a cikin tekuna da yawa a doron ƙasa kuma kasancewar su nau'in ƙaura ne ana iya ganin su da yawa yayin da suke wucewa. Ba a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani nau'i mai hatsari ba amma farautar da suke fama da shi tsawon shekaru ya rage yawan samfurori a duniya da kashi 90%, haifuwar su ya taimaka musu su warke amma raguwa ya zama sananne kuma har yanzu suna ci gaba da mutuwa daga abubuwa kamar su. kamun kifi, gurbacewar ruwa, da dai sauransu.
Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a halin yanzu akwai kimanin 80 humpback whales a cikin babban iyali na dabbobin bakin teku, dukansu an rarraba su a kasashe irin su Australia, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Amurka, Puerto Rico, Venezuela da sauransu. wani bangare na flora da fauna na bakin tekun na Peru.
Dangane da halayensa na zahiri, wannan kifin kifi ne wanda ke da tsayin fins, pectorals suna da launin fari ko baƙar fata dangane da kowane samfurin da babban wutsiya baki. Ana gane matan ne saboda sun fi maza girma, amma idan ba haka ba, dukkansu suna da launin baƙar fata a bayansu kuma a kan cikinsu suna iya samun sautin fari, baki ko mottled.
Kaguji
Magana game da dabbobin bakin teku yana nufin ambaton sanannun kaguwa, kodayake ba ƙananan dabbobi ba ne masu nau'i biyu na ƙafafu biyar waɗanda ke da farata, wasu lobsters, shrimps da sauran crustaceans kuma ana kiran su kagu. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:
- Crayfish irin su crayfish ko lobsters
- Kaguwa masu tsini (wadanda ke da harsashi a jikinsu)
- Kaguwa mai iyo (Liocarcinus)
- Kaguwar Moorish (wanda kuma ake kira da Jaiba mora)
- Giant kaguwar Jafan
- Uca pugnax ko fiddler kaguwa
- Kuma nau'in kaguwar ƙasa iri-iri.
Gabaɗaya, duk waɗanda ake kira irin wannan suna zaune a kusa ko a ƙarƙashin teku ko kuma a cikin yanayin muhallin ruwa, bugu da kari dukkansu suna da farata ko da yake ba siffarsu ɗaya ba ce a kowacce ɗaya ko girman kaguwar jajayen, misali. , ba ya kama da kaguwa sosai. Wata dabi’ar da fiye da nau’in kagu sama da dubu 4000 ke hadawa da sunan kaguwa ita ce, ko da yake galibinsu suna zaune ne a cikin teku, amma sukan yi waje da shi har ma da hawan dabino da duwatsu.
inka tern
Wannan nau'in galibi ana kiransa da Nun tern ko Inca tern, amma sunansa na kimiyya shine Larosterna inca kuma tsuntsun teku ne da ke cikin flora da fauna na gabar tekun Peruvian, shi ya sa sunansa ya hada da 'yan asali. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da kuzari sosai a lokacin da suke tashi kuma cikin sauki suna farautar dabbobin ruwa kamar kifin da ake samu a saman teku, haifuwarsu na faruwa ne a tsakanin Afrilu da Mayu ko kuma tsakanin Oktoba da Nuwamba, amma sauran shekara ma.
Yana yiwuwa a iya gane waɗannan tsuntsaye ta gashin fuka-fukan su masu launin toka da kuma fitattun fuka-fukan fararen gashin fuka-fukan da ke fitowa daga baki zuwa kasa suna kwaikwayon gashin baki, ban da cewa suna da launin rawaya mai tsananin gaske akan abin da zai zama kunci. Grey wani nau'in launi ne wanda yake da dukkan jiki (wanda yake auna santimita 40) kuma kafafunsa da baki suna da jan hankali sosai. Wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga Kudancin Amirka kuma yana zaune musamman a yankunan bakin teku na Chile da Peru.
Dabbobin ruwa
Dolphins Oceanic wani dangin dabbobi ne na bakin teku wanda ya hada da wasu nau'ikan dolphins guda 37 a cikinsa, yawancinsu suna auna tsayin mita biyu zuwa takwas kuma suna iya, masu cin nama ne kuma suna amfani da yanayi mai kyau don gano abin da za su iya ganima, babban halayensu shine hankali wanda yayi daidai. na mutane, suna da abokantaka sosai, suna zama a cikin kwasfa saboda sun saba kuma halayensu da wasu dolphins ba su da wani sharadi idan sun ji rauni ko rashin lafiya.
Wata sifa mai kama da mutane ita ce, za su iya samun matashi guda ɗaya, wanda ke girma a cikin mahaifiyarsa har tsawon watanni 11 ko 12. Dangane da jinsin su, wasu daga cikinsu akwai:
- dabbar dolphin gama gari
- teku na kowa dabbar dolphin
- na kowa matukin jirgi whale
- Risso's Dolphin
- dabbar dolphin
- tonina overa
- Dolphin na Chile
- ƙetare dolphin
- dolphin duhu
- Killer Whale na kowa (na dangin Delphinidae ne)
- dabbar dolphin acrobat
- Tucuxi, da sauransu.
ruwan teku
Gulls suna karɓar sunan kimiyya na (laridae) saboda a zahiri ana kiran su larids amma sunan gama gari da aka san su da shi shine teku ko pavanas a wasu ƙasashe. Wadannan tsuntsayen da ke bakin teku ne wadanda gaba daya manya ne kuma da fararen fata, launin toka, bakar cougars ko hade da wadannan kalaukan guda uku, kafafunsu na iya zama baki ko ja kuma suna da dogayen baki wadanda ke taimakawa wajen kama kifi cikin sauki, suma suna da karfin gaske wanda ke ba su damar yin amfani da su. kama kifi fiye da sauran tsuntsaye.
Wadannan rukunonin dabbobin da ke bakin teku sun bambanta da girma, launi da ma siffar fuka-fukinsu, saboda akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwan teku, da suka hada da:
- Gull mai Baƙar fata
- Bakar wutsiya gull
- gull da andean
- launin ruwan kasa gull
- launin toka
- herring gull
- da tern
- Atlantika gabion
- Gulu mai launin fata
- azurfa gull
- bakar gulma
- gull ba
- ruwan teku mai duhu
- Gull mai kaho da launin toka
- Gull mai baƙar fata na Amurka
- gull ta kudu
- Da sauran nau'ikan nau'ikan ruwan teku masu sunaye na wurin da suke zaune.
Ana ɗaukar waɗannan tsuntsayen bakin teku masu hankali sosai saboda yanayin zamantakewar su yana da ban sha'awa sosai, baya ga hadaddun sadarwar su. Yawanci suna zaune ne a gabar teku ko a cikin tafkuna da tafkuna a cikin kasar, yawanci suna tafiya cikin kasa don neman abinci amma ba sa nisa da ruwa kamar koguna ko tafkuna, galibi suna cin kwari, kifi da sauran su. dabbobin ruwa, tattabarai da sauran su.Tsuntsaye masu karami, beraye da kwai na wasu nau'in (har ma da nasu).
Sardines
Sardines ƙungiyoyi ne na kifaye waɗanda ke cikin dangin Clupeidae kuma sun haɗa da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in '' Sardine' da ke zaune a gabar tekun duniya ne, dangi ne mai girma kuma adadin samfuran suna da yawa. Wannan shi ne watakila nau'in kifin da mutane a duniya suka fi kashewa don abinci, idan aka kwatanta da sauran kifi. An fi kama su cikin sauƙi saboda suna tafiya cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi kuma suna kasancewa a cikin rayuwarsu.
Wadannan kungiyoyi na iya zama sardines na nau'in iri ɗaya ko mabanbanta, suna zama tare a matsayin hanyar ciyar da ƙananan kifi kuma a matsayin hanyar kariya daga mafarauta. Wasu daga cikin nau'ikan sardine sune:
- Turai sarin
- sampedrito
- Mojarrita (ya hada da yawancin nau'ikan da ake kira iri ɗaya amma ana rarrabe su da sunayensu kimiyya)
- bigmouth anchovy
- sardine mai ja
- Lisa
- tolombas
- Silversides
- anchovy
- kifi kifi
- Sprat
- sardine mai rauni
- spanish sardine
- sardine chile
- sardine na Peruvian
- Kuma wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan 70.
Kunkuruwar teku
Daga cikin dabbobin da ke bakin teku, kunkuru na teku suna daya daga cikin wadanda aka ambata, cheloniids za a iya raba su zuwa manyan iyalai biyu, Cheloniidae da Dermochelyidae, wanda aka rarraba a cikin teku a duniya, ba shakka kowane nau'i yana samuwa a cikin musamman. yankunan duniya, daga cikinsu akwai:
- Baƙar fata kunkuru (wani nau'in nau'in halittar Chelonia)
- Koren kunkuru Cm mydas
- kunkuru hawksbill
- kunkuru kunkuru
- kunkuru teku mai fata
- Ruwan zaitun
- kunkuru bastard
- lebur kunkuru
Akwai nau'ikan kunkuru da yawa waɗanda suka bambanta a zahiri amma gabaɗaya suna raba wasu halaye kamar Suna cin kunkuru, da yawa za su iya ciyar da kayan lambu sabo, kifi, shuke-shuke, wasu masu cin ganyayyaki ne, wasu kuma masu cin nama ne, wadanda ake kula da su a gida suna iya cin crickets, beetles, ayaba, apples, da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa. Baya ga haka, ba su da hakora ko kunnuwa na waje, za su iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 150 da yin iyo a cikin kilomita 27 ko 25 a cikin sa'a guda.
Fauna na bakin tekun Mexico
Mexico kasa ce da ke da yankuna masu zafi da yanayi mai zafi a mafi yawan wurarenta, shi ya sa nau'in dabbobin da ake iya gani a wurin suna da girma sosai. Wasu daga cikinsu sune kamar haka:
- Flamingos
- kore iguana
- kunkuru na teku
- Calamares
- Vaquitas de mar ko cochitos
- Guadalupe Fur Seal
- kiyaye
- unicorn dawasa
- Sunan mahaifi Sechura Foxes
- tukwane na teku
- ruwan hoda katantanwa
- totoaba (kifi)
- Blue kaguwa da sauran nau'in
- Giant Humboldt Squid
- Daga cikin wasu
Fauna na bakin tekun Peruvian
A Peru wasu sanannun dabbobin bakin teku (ciki har da tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa da kifi) sune kamar haka:
- Albatros
- Anchoveta na Peruvian
- Kifi Whale
- Cuvier asalin
- pygmy sperm whale
- launin toka matukin jirgi whale
- inka tern
- Dolphins (dolfin bottlenose, dabbar Pacific, dabbar dolphin mai kan guna, da dolphin da aka hange)
- Kudancin Amurka Fur Seal
- ruwan dusar ƙanƙara
- gulmar
- kudancin Amurka zaki zaki
- spiny porpoise
- Orcas (black killer whale da pygmy killer whale)
- bakaken kawa
- Peruvian pelican
- Swordfish
- booby na Peruvian
- kunun kunne na teku
Fauna na bakin tekun Ecuadorian
A Ecuador akwai nau'o'in halittu masu yawa kuma daga cikin nau'in da aka samo a kan iyakokinta za mu iya samun dabbobin bakin teku masu zuwa, ciki har da ba kawai tsuntsayen teku ba har ma da dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke zaune a wannan yanki:
- bakin teku alligator
- Emerald hummingbird
- Marine iguana
- Galapagos Land Iguana
- Zakin teku Galapagos
- Galapagos Fur Seal
- mai jan zuma mai nono
- skunks
- mai gashi-hanci
- katuwar anteater
- Galapagos Penguin
Fauna na Tekun Bahar Rum
Da yake magana game da tekun Bahar Rum yana nufin babban tsiri na bakin teku, wasu daga cikin dabbobin da ke bakin tekun da ke zaune a can sun haɗa da:
- Sandpiper
- na kowa maniyyi whale
- Pilot Whales da Pilot Whales
- kowa
- dung beetles
- Farin Jarumi
- Kadangare
- 'yan mujiya
- Kisa masu kisa
- tattabarai na itace
- Kokwambar teku
- fin whale
- gama gari
Dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari a bakin teku
Akwai su da yawa Dabbobin da ke cikin hatsari a duniya, ba kawai a bakin teku ba har ma a yanayi daban-daban da yanayi ke samarwa a kasashe da dama a doron kasa, a wannan yanayin ne kawai wasu daga cikin wadannan dabbobin da ke cikin hadarin bacewa sakamakon lalata wuraren da suke zaune a yayin da lokaci ya wuce kuma dan Adam ya ci gaba da kaiwa. su, bangarori da yawa suna rinjayar lalata waɗannan wurare, duka ayyukan masana'antu da ayyuka don jin daɗi.
Wani muhimmin batu game da lalata halittun bakin teku shi ne, kamar yadda dattin da mutane ke samarwa a bakin tekun ke yin tasiri sosai, amma yana da sauri don halakar da halittu ta hanyar gina shi, suna kiran wannan "barazanar tubali" . Haɓaka yawan jama'a yana motsa mazaunan waɗannan biranen don yin ƙarin gini a kan gaɓar teku don ƙirƙirar wuraren da ayyukan ɗan adam za su iya faruwa.
Ko ta yaya, halakar dabbobi da flora na ƙasashe da yawa gaskiya ne kuma yana faruwa gagaɗi shekaru da yawa, sarari da jinsuna suna ɓacewa kowace rana ba tare da ganin ci gaba mai yawa ko tsawon rai ga yawancin dabbobi a duniya ba. Ta wannan ma'ana, wasu dabbobin da ke gabar tekun Spain da ke cikin haɗarin bacewa sune:
Moorish Coot
Moorish Coot wani nau'in tsuntsu ne na ruwa wanda ke rayuwa cikin abubuwan Mutanen Espanya, musamman a cikin tafkin da ke da ciyayi mai yawa a waje da cikin ruwa, tunda suna ciyarwa kuma suna kwana da shi. Musamman a gabar tekun Andalusia, ana iya ganin irin wadannan tsuntsayen na rana suna ninkaya ko farauta, kamar kunkuru na Turai, wannan nau'in yana fuskantar barazanar ayyukan dan Adam, wanda ke yawaita a wannan yankin na gabar teku.
marmara shayi
Teal marbled wani tsuntsu ne wanda ke cikin haɗari kuma yana zaune a duk faɗin yankin Eurasia da Afirka, zai fi dacewa a cikin yankuna masu zafi da zafi na Turai, a zahiri a yau ana ganin su da yawa a kudancin Spain da a cikin Maroko ba ta da yawa, duk da cewa tsuntsaye ne masu ƙaura, amma mazauninsu ƙasa ce mai dausayi, a cikin lagos, cikin ruwa mara zurfi da kuma cikin kogunan da ba su da zurfi sosai.
Duk da cewa akwai wurare da dama da ake samun wadannan tsuntsayen, amma ana la'akari da su a matsayin wani nau'i mai hatsarin gaske saboda lalata muhallinsu da farauta da ya shafe su daidai gwargwado. Idan aka hada wadannan abubuwa guda biyu da cewa ba a saurin haifuwarsu, yawansu ya ragu matuka a shekarun baya-bayan nan, bugu da kari kuma idan ruwa ya rage girmansa ko ya bushe a lokacin fari, wadannan tsuntsayen suna shan wahala matuka.
Kunkuru kunkuru na Turai
Ana ganin wannan nau'in sau da yawa ne kawai a cikin Spain, saboda ko da yake yana iya yin kama da kunkuru Galapagos da ake gani a kasashe da dama na duniya, waɗannan sun ɗan bambanta, ana iya ganin su musamman a ko'ina cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, kodayake a wuraren da ruwa ba shi da tsabta ba za a gansu ba. Sun fi son wuraren da ruwan ba ya da sauri sosai saboda yawanci suna shawagi a kasan teku ko kuma ruwan sanyi idan lokacin sanyi ya yi.
Baya ga zama a wuraren da ke da ciyayi masu yawa da ruwa mai tsafta, ba sa son kamfani na ɗan adam da nisantar jama'a, duk da haka, saboda ɗumi na gaɓar tekun Bahar Rum kamar Catalonia, Valencia da Andalusia, mutane suna ziyartar waɗannan wuraren. kuma gurbacewar ruwa da koguna na da ban mamaki. Ban da wannan, wannan ba jinsin da ke da saurin haifuwa ba kuma nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau’in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau‘i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i naui nau’i nau’i) da ke da saurin haifuwa da kuma yawan wadanda suke zaune a bakin teku suna halaka su.
Andalusian Torillo
A ƙarshe, Andalusian Torrillo, wanda shine wani nau'in jinsin da ke cikin rukunin dabbobin bakin teku. Wuraren da ya rayu a duniya sune: Afirka, yammacin tekun Bahar Rum, Asiya, Philippines, Maroko, Sicily, Portugal, da sauransu. A yau akwai 'yan samfurori da za a iya gani musamman a Maroko, sauran an rage su cikin damuwa kuma shi ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin wani nau'i mai haɗari, musamman a Spain.
Wannan ba jinsin da ba shi da kamanceceniya da sauran tsuntsaye, hakika ya kebantacce kuma ba a zahiri kadai ba har ma da dabi'unsa, bincike da dama sun nuna cewa yanayin jima'i ba irin wanda ake gani a sauran nau'in tashi ba ne amma yana juyowa.
Matan alal misali, suna da alhakin kare yankin da kuma gabatar da kansu ga mazaje don daukar hankalinsu, yayin da mazan su ne suka fi tsayi, suna girka ƙwai da kuma renon jariran su idan sun kyankyashe.
