Njengoba izinhlanzi ziyizilwane ezikhona emanzini kuphela, zinemingcele ethile uma kuziwa ekondleni, futhi lokho kungukuthi zingasebenzisa kuphela lokho ezizihlinzeka ngakho indawo yazo. Lokhu akuvimbeli imikhuba yazo yokudla ukuba ihluke ngokwanele, kakhulu kuneyamanye amaqembu ezilwane. Kulesi sihloko sizokwazi ukuthi izinhlanzi zidlani, zombili ezikhululekile kanye nalezo ezihlala emanzini.
Zidlani izinhlanzi?
Inhlanzi iyisilwane esiphila emanzini kuphela, esikwazi ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba waso ngokwendawo ekuzungezile, sikwazi ukuphefumula ngezimbotshana ezibamba ngazo umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini. Ivamise ukumbozwa ngamazenga futhi inamaphiko asetshenziselwa ukuhambahamba endaweni ehlala emanzini. Izinhlanzi ziye zathuthukisa amakoloni azo kokubili emanzini amachibi asezintabeni nasolwandle olujulile, ngenxa yamasu azo ahlukahlukene lapho kuziwa ekutholeni ukudla kwazo.
Kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla izinsalela zezilwane ezibolayo ezitholakala phansi olwandle, ezinye zingabazingeli abakhuthele, kanti ezinye ziphila ngezitshalo kuphela. Njengoba kufanele siqonde, lokho okusebenza njengokudla kwezinhlanzi endaweni yemvelo akufani nalokho okudliwa yizinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinhlanzi ngokuvamile zidla ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zasemanzini njengezibungu noma izilwane ezingenamgogodla. Iningi lazo lidla inyama, nakuba kunezinhlobo ezithile zokudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni nolwelwe.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokudla okudliwa yizinhlanzi ezigcinwe emanzini, kuzoncika ekutheni amanzi anosawoti, amanzi ahlanzekile, izinhlanzi ezishisayo noma ezingaphansi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukudla kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane, ukuze uzinikeze ukudla okufanele okuzinikeza izakhamzimba namavithamini azidingayo ukuze zihlale ziphilile futhi ziphile isikhathi eside.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo zokudla ezidliwa yizinhlanzi, ezigabeni ezilandelayo sizochaza ukuthi izinhlanzi zidliwani, kanye nokuthi yini eyakhiwe njengokuthile okungafani noma okuwuphawu olulodwa ekuphakeleni kwalesi qembu lezilwane ezigcwele izilwane. amanzi.
Izinhlobo Zokudla
Kuye ngokuthi ukudla kuvela kuphi, izinhlanzi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene, nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zingabonisa izindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa zokudla kanye nokuxuba izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze zithole zonke izakhi ezidingekayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinhlobo ezingase zigcwale emlonyeni wemifula, lapho amanzi anosawoti khona, ngakho-ke, zingaphila kokubili emifuleni nasolwandle, njengoba kwenzeka kushaka wezinkunzi ( Carcharhinus leucas ) noma i-salmon. (Salmon salar), ngakho ukudla kwabo kuzohambisana nokudla abangakuthola kuzo zombili izinhlobo zendawo.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ye-homeostasis, okuyikhwalithi izidalwa eziphilayo okufanele zigcine ibhalansi yamakhemikhali yangaphakathi ingashintshiwe. Kule migqa elandelayo sizokhombisa izigaba zezinhlanzi ngokohlobo lokuphakelwa kwazo:
inyamazane
Lapha kuhlanganiswe lezo zinhlanzi ezidla imithombo yemvelaphi yezitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izitshalo eziphakeme noma ulwelwe, ngokuya ngokujula kwazo kanye nendlela yazo yokuphila. Izinhlobo ezithile zinezimo eziguquguqukayo emizimbeni yazo, kunjalo nje nge-parrotfish (i-Scarus coelestinus), enezinyo eliyingqayizivele eliqoqa amazinyo akhe ngendlela efana noqhwaku lukapholi, olusebenzisela ukuququda amakhorali namatshe futhi. kanjalo ukwazi ukususa ulwelwe ezindaweni ezinjalo.
inyamazane
Ukudla kwabo kwakhiwe ezinye izinhlanzi kanye nezinhlobo zasemanzini ezifana nezikelemu, ama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs kanye ne-zooplankton. Zingase zizingele ngokuzimisela noma zibambe inyamazane yazo ngokuzicunga. Ukwengeza, banamazinyo ajwayele ukukhulula isikhumba sezisulu zabo. Izibonelo zazo ushaka omhlophe ( Carcharodon carcharias ) noma i-barracuda enkulu ( Sphyraena barracuda ), womabili anamazinyo abukhali asebenza njengamasaha angempela.
omnivorous
Ziyizinhlanzi ukudla kwazo okungosomathuba futhi okukhethekile, okungukuthi, zivumelana nokutholakala kokudla, ngakho ukudla kwazo kungaba okwezilwane nemifino. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-red-bellied piranha ( Serrasalmus nattereri ), okuthi, nakuba inedumela elaziwayo lokuba inyamazane engasuthi, ayinjalo neze, njengoba ingasebenzisa uhlaza ukuze inezele ekudleni kwayo.
Esinye isibonelo salokhu i-carp evamile (Cyprinus carpio) okuthi, ngaphezu kokudla uhlaza lwasemanzini, iphinde ifune izinambuzane ezinesizotha noma ama-crustaceans phansi komfula noma amachibi lapho ihlala khona.
i-detritivore
Leli igama elinikezwe lezo zinhlanzi ezisizakala ngezinsalela zezinye izinhlanzi ezishona phansi olwandle. Ngenxa yazo, izinto eziphilayo ezivela ezindaweni zasemanzini zigaywa kabusha, njengoba ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngokudla, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zisiza ukuhlunga amanzi, ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze isevisi ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi zindawo zemvelo.
I-catfish ye-Siluriformes oda yizinhlanzi ezijwayele lolu hlobo lokudla, njenge-catfish (Panaque nigrolineatus). Ngokufanayo, izinhlanzi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-pool cleaners, njenge-Corydoras aeneus, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlunga ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho zihlala khona.
Zidlani izinhlanzi zasemfuleni?
Izinhlanzi zasemfuleni noma zasemanzini ahlanzekile yilezo ezigcwele imifula, amachibi, amachweba namaxhaphozi, usawoti wazo (okuqukethwe kukasawoti) ongaphansi kuka-1.05%, okuyiwona onqumayo ukuze ziphile. Izinhlanzi zasemfuleni zinezimo zomzimba ezizenza zikwazi ukuhlala emanzini anosawoti omncane futhi indawo yazo yangaphakathi ilondoloza lawa sawoti, ngoba awekho kakhulu endaweni yawo yangaphandle.
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, kunezindlela ezihlukene abadla ngazo, ukuze phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlala emifuleni (amanzi azo anenani elikhulu le-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-magnesium) ukuhlukahluka ekudleni kwabo kungafinyelelwa.
Izinhlobo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlunga amanzi zisekela ukudla kwazo ezinsalela zemifula noma amachweba, futhi ziphila futhi ziziphilise phansi, njengoba zinezisetshenziswa zomlomo ezanele zalokhu. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengezilwane ezidla uhlaza, ziphila ngesisekelo solwelwe, imifino kanye nezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ezakha i-plankton. Usizakala nangezithelo eziwela emanzini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo ezidla inyama ezikhona kulolu hlobo lwendawo zidla izibungu zezinambuzane noma ama-crustaceans omfula. Angadla nezinye izinhlanzi ezinesizotha futhi, kwezinye izimo, nezinye izilwane zasemhlabeni eziwela emanzini zingalindele.
Zidlani izinhlanzi zasolwandle?
Njengoba nje izinhlanzi zasemfuleni, izinhlobo ezigcwele izilwandle nolwandle, emanzini azo i-sodium, i-iodine ne-chlorine eningi emanzini, azikwazanga ukuhlala emanzini ahlanzekile njengoba umzimba wazo ungashintshwa ukuze ugcine usawoti odingwa ngumzimba, njengalokhu sesivele sikhombile. ngaphandle. Kuya ngokuthi uzijwayeze kanjani ukuhlala nosawoti eduze kwakho, umzimba wakho unesibopho sokulawula ukuphuma nokuphuma kwawo njalo.
Izinhlobo zasolwandle zifaka izinhlobonhlobo zokudla ekudleni kwazo. Lokhu kuzoncika endleleni yazo yokudla (izilwane ezidla uhlaza, izilwane ezidla inyama, ama-omnivores noma ama-detritivores) kanye nalapho ezihlala khona olwandle. Injalo indaba yezakhamuzi zasolwandle olujulile, njengezinhlanzi zakwa-abyssal nezinye izilwane ezijwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni zasolwandle lapho ukuphila kungekho khona kakhulu, ezidla i-zooplankton nezinhlanzi ezincane. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo, njengezinhlanzi ezijulile olwandle (Eurypharynx pelecanoides), zingaba izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokwemvelo futhi zingabamba izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo ezinjengoshaka, i-tuna noma i-swordfish ziyizinhlobo ze-pelagic, okungukuthi, zihlala eduze nendawo. Bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye, ngakho babamba inyamazane yabo ngenkuthalo. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris), zihlukaniswa njenge-generalist omnivores, njengoba ukudla kwazo kuhlanganisa kokubili ulwelwe nezilwane ngesilinganiso esifanayo. Baye babhekwa futhi befaka ama-parasites ama-anemones ahlala nawo, enhlanganweni ye-symbiotic, okungukuthi, bazuza ngokulinganayo ukuze bathuthukise izimpilo zabo.
Kukhona nezinhlobo zasolwandle ezinemikhuba yokudla ethanda ukwazi, njengenhlanzi eyi-pilot fish (Naucrates ductor), okudla kwayo kwakhiwa izinsalela zokudla nezilokazane oshaka, ezakha ubuhlobo obucishe bube yi-symbiotic nazo, njengoba zingavamile kakhulu. babone bobabili behlukene.
Zidlani izinhlanzi zase-aquarium?
I-aquarium ngayinye ibheka ukufakwa okuthile ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlanzi ezolugcina. Ama-Aquariums angaba khona kuye ngemvelaphi yezinhlanzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amanzi abandayo noma amanzi ashisayo, noma ukusebenza kwawo kungaphezulu noma phansi, noma ubukhulu babo buncane noma bukhulu, njll. Futhi kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezigcinwe, ukudla kwazo kufanele kulungiswe kuzo. Nazi ezinye zalezo zigaba.
Izibonelo Zamanzi Abandayo
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini abandayo kulula ukuzinakekela nokuzinakekela. Kukhona inqwaba yokudla ohlotsheni ngalunye olufanele izidingo zabo zomsoco kanye nesimiso sazo sokugaya ukudla. Okuvame kakhulu ama-flakes, ama-granules nama-flakes, okungamafomula aphelele ukuze ungakhathazeki kakhulu njengoba engadingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesithasiselo.
Ama-flakes namazenga kuwukudla okuvame kakhulu kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini abandayo, njengoba zihlala zintanta emanzini isikhathi esithile futhi zitholakala kalula esilwaneni. Ngokuphambene, ama-granules anesisindo esiphezulu ngakho-ke ehlela ngokushesha ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, ngobubi bokuthi ezinye izinhlanzi ezingenamakhono amancane azikwazi ukusizakala ngawo.
Kodwa-ke, izinsalela zesikali zingangcolisa kalula amanzi, ngakho-ke kufanele zihlanzwe kaningi ukuze kungenzeki. Ama-granules, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ashiya izinsalela ezincane ukuze asize ukugcina ibhalansi ye-aquarium. Ukudla kwezinhlanzi zamanzi abandayo kufanelekile ezinhlotsheni ezifana ne-goldfish, ama-bubbleeyes, i-betta splendens, i-telescope fish, i-kite fish, i-Chinese neon noma i-Koi carp.
Izibonelo Zamanzi AseTropiki
Izinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo zingondliwa ngokudla okuphilayo nokomile: eyokuqala yalezi ingase ibe izibungu zomiyane, izimfanzi kanye nezikelemu zomhlaba ezinesizotha; okwesibili kungafika ngama-flakes, ama-granules, noma amaphilisi. Zombili zinikeza ukunikezwa okulinganiselayo kwezakhi, imicu kanye namaprotheni empilweni ephelele.
Inhlanzi Engezansi
Ukudla okuzuzisa izinhlanzi eziphansi akufani nalezo ezibhukuda phezulu. Ukudla kwe-Flake akufanelekile ngalesi sikhathi njengoba kudinga isisindo esithile ukucwila phansi kwe-aquarium ngokushesha futhi futhi kungadliwa ezinye izinhlanzi njengoba ziwa.
Sibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezifana ne-catfish (i-plecos, i-catfish), ama-cobitids nama-barbels. Amaphilisi ayindilinga nama-disc awukudla okunikezwa kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo ngoba zinesisindo esifanele ukuze zifinyelele ezindaweni ezithile zethangi lezinhlanzi.
izinhlanzi ze-discus
I-Discus izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezaziswa kakhulu ngobuhle bazo kodwa ezinomsoco odinga ukwehluka okukhulu ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwama-granules nama-flakes endabuko, kunezithako ezinamavithamini anikeza inani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco futhi zisize ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwakho lokugaya.
Kukhona futhi izithuthukisi zombala, eziklanyelwe ukugqamisa umbala oqinile wezinhlanzi ze-discus ngokusebenzisa amafomula alungiselelwe nenqwaba yezithako ezifana ne-spirulina, i-mussel enezindebe eziluhlaza, ama-nettles, i-garlic, isipinashi kanye nezaqathi. Ngazo izinhlanzi zakho ngeke nje zibe nempilo kodwa futhi zizobukeka zinhle kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi ezincane
Ama-minnows amaningi adla izibungu, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, nezilwane ezincane zasemanzini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, badinga ukudla ukudla okuningi kunozakwabo abakhulu (ngokuphathelene nobukhulu babo), njengoba izidingo zabo zamandla zinkulu, ngenxa ye-metabolism yabo ephezulu kanye nomsebenzi.
Endabeni yokuthosa, okungukuthi, lezo zinhlanzi ezincane nezincane, ukudla kwazo kwenziwa nge-algae encane ne-plankton, njengoba ubukhulu bomlomo wabo abubavumeli ukuba badle ukudla okukhulu. Ngokwendlela ezikhula ngayo, indlela ezidla ngayo iyashintsha baze badle njengenhlanzi endala.
Ukudla Okungcono Kakhulu Kwezinhlanzi Zase-Aquarium
Ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okufanele kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium kuyinkinga enkulu kuwo wonke abathandi be-aquarium. Inselele iwukuthola ukudla okufanele ukuze impilo yenhlanzi ingaphazanyiswa ukudla okungenamsoco. Zonke izinhlanzi ezondliwe kahle ziyizinhlanzi ezinempilo futhi ngeke zibhekane nezinkinga ku-aquarium.
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izinhlanzi esinazo ku-aquarium zinemvelaphi ehlukene futhi asibhekiseli nje kumsuka wazo wemvelo, okungaba nomthelela ekudleni kwazo. Nakuba ezinye izinhlanzi (lezo ezithengiswa kakhulu futhi kulula ukuzithola lapho zithunjiwe) zivela emapulazini futhi zijwayele ukuphakelwa ukudla okugayiwe, ezinye zivela ngokuqondile emvelweni, lapho zazifuna ukudla okuhluke ngokuphelele kunalokhu ezazikudla. bona.
Ukuze sibanikeze ukudla okufanele, kumelwe sazi ukuthi bavela kuyiphi indawo yokuhlala nokuthi babedlani lapho bekhululekile. Awukwazi ukunikeza ukudla okufanayo izinhlanzi zamanzi abandayo, izinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo, izinhlanzi zasolwandle noma inhlanzi engaphansi, ngoba ngayinye yazo ifuna ukudla okuhlukile. Ngokuya ngendawo esiyidale kabusha ku-aquarium, kungenzeka ukuthi sinezinhlanzi ezinemikhuba yokudla ehlukene, ngakho-ke kufanele siziphathe ngendlela ehlukile.
Isibopho esiphelele sokwazi izidingo zabo kanye nokubanikeza imisoco edingekayo silele kubanakekeli. Ukudla okunempilo kwezinhlanzi kufanele ngokuyinhloko kufake:
- Ama-amino acids (ukunikeza amaprotheni)
- Amafutha (nikeza ama-fatty acids)
- Ama-carbohydrate (ukunikeza i-cellulose)
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi unganikezi ukudla okweqile ezinhlanzini, ngoba izinsalela ezingasetshenzisiwe zingathinta ikhwalithi yamanzi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, zibangele izifo. Into elula kakhulu ukubanika ukudla izikhathi eziningana kodwa ngamanani amancane.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokudla
Uma udayiswa ungathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla kwezinhlanzi osekulungiselelwe kakade futhi ukulungiswa kwazo akudingeki ukuba sikunakekele. Kodwa-ke, uma sinesikhathi futhi sifisa, kukhona izindlela zokupheka zokudla kwezinhlanzi ezenziwe ekhaya ezingalungiswa. Phakathi kwazo singahlukanisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokudla kwezinhlanzi:
I-Vivo
Ukudla kwendabuko okuphilayo kwezinhlanzi zase-aquarium kufaka i-daphina noma i-brine shrimp (ama-crustaceans anesizotha), izikelemu zegazi, izimfanzi kanye ne-tubifex (izikelemu ezincane). Ungakwazi futhi ukuthenga amakhithi anamaqanda e-artemia evundile, ukuze umise indawo yokuchanyuselwa kwe-artemia ekhaya futhi uhlale unokudla okuphilayo kwezinhlanzi.
I-Lyophilized
Ingxenye enkulu yokudla okuphilayo ayitholakali kalula, kodwa lezo ezitholakala kithi yilezo ezike zomiswa zibe yiqhwa. Lena indlela yokomisa lapho ukudla kungalahlekelwa imisoco yakho, kuba mnandi ngokufanayo ezinhlanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwale nqubo, azinawo ama-parasites kanye namagciwane futhi ahlanganisa i-protein engavamile yezinhlanzi zakho ze-aquarium.
Umile
Ukudla okomile kusetshenziswa kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izethulo zabo, ama-flakes, ama-flakes noma ama-granules futhi inqubo yabo yokukhiqiza ihilela ukukhishwa kwanoma yimuphi umswakama kuwo. Okuqukethwe kwayo kungase kuhluke kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezohlinzekwa kuzo, futhi kungase kuhlanganise zonke izinhlobo zokudla, kusukela kulwelwe kuya kuma-crustaceans ezilwaneni ezidla inyama. Enye yezinzuzo zabo ezinkulu ukuthi ngokuvamile zicebile futhi ziyisengezo esiphelele sokudla okunomsoco, okufanele kuhlanganise nokudla okuphilayo nokusha.
epholile kodwa ayiphili
Izinhlanzi ezithile ziyakuthokozela ukufakwa ekudleni kwazo izingcezu ezinesizotha zezimbaza, izimfanzi, izinhlanzi, ngisho nezibilini zenkukhu noma zezilwane. Akufanele kube yisisekelo sokudla kwabo, futhi kufanele siqaphele kakhulu ukuthi "uluphi" uhlobo lokudla esilusebenzisayo, okumele ngaso sonke isikhathi luhambisane nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezikhona ku-aquarium. Ngokufanayo, umuntu kufanele aqaphe lapho evumela ukwethulwa ngephutha kohlobo oluthile lwe-parasite.
Kufriziwe
Ukudla kwezinhlanzi eziqandisiwe njalo izibungu zomiyane, izibungu, amazeze amanzi, ama-crustaceans, izimfanzi, njll. (i-daphnia, i-tubifex, i-artemia), engathengwa ezitolo ezithile ezikhethekile. Ziba indawo ekahle uma kwenzeka zingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okuphilayo. Kufanele zincibilikiswe kusenesikhathi, bese zilinda zize zifinyelele izinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi ukuze zingeniswe ku-aquarium.
ukudla kweholide
Lapho umgcini we-aquarium ehamba isikhathi esifushane, izinhlanzi zingashiywa nge-block ekhethekile yokudla, ehlakazeka kuphela lapho izinhlanzi zidla futhi zingahlala izinsuku ezintathu. Uma ukungabikho kuzoba isikhathi eside, ungawashiya amanye amaphilisi angakwazi ukuhlala izinsuku ezingu-14 futhi ahlakaze kuphela lapho izinhlanzi ziwadla, ngenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuthi awafihli amanzi futhi ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokudla kwawo. Kukhona futhi enye indlela yokuphakelayo okuzenzakalelayo elawula imithamo kanye nesikhathi okunikezwa ngaso ukudla.
Ukudla Ngemithi
Uma kuziwa ekwelashweni kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium, ukuphathwa kwemithi ngokudla kungasetshenziswa njengendlela, ngaphandle kokungcolisa amanzi e-tank.
Izinhlanzi zidliswa kangaki ku-aquarium?
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlinzeka ngokudla kwezinhlanzi e-aquarium kufanele sinake ukuthi zidla kanjani endle. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngezingxenye ezincane usuku lonke. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthi sikwazi ukukwenza izikhathi ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ngosuku ukuze sibanikeze imithamo emincane, esingakwenza wukuthatha izikhathi eziningi ngamunye ngamunye angabanika ngazo usuku ngalunye, kabili noma kathathu kuye ngokuthi icala.
Yingakanani ukudla okunikezwayo?
Mayelana nalokhu, umqondo ucacile kakhulu: lokho abangakudla ngemizuzu embalwa. Kulula kakhulu ukubanika okuncane kunokuningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, indlela esizoyisebenzisa ukuze siqondise kuyoba ukubeka imvuthuluka yokudla emanzini futhi sibale ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukuqeda, uma ukudla kunyamalala ngaphansi kwemizuzu embalwa singakwazi ukwengeza kancane kancane. .
Uma kukhona ukudla okusele, kungcono ukukususa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukudla kungapheli kuntanta noma kwehle phansi kwazise zimbili izinto esingazifuni ngempela. Kungenzeka ukuthi udla izinhlanzi ngokweqile noma ungcolisa amanzi.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo kulezi ezinye izihloko: