Ingabe ube nentshisekelo yokufunda ngezinkanyezi? Ingabe usuyazi kakade ukuthi iyiphi insimbi edingekayo ukuze ube umlandeli wesayensi yezinkanyezi? Nokho, udinga isibonakude, kodwa udinga ukuthola ulwazi mayelana iyiphi i-telescope okufanele uyithenge ukuze ulwazi lwakho lube ngcono kakhulu futhi kule bhulogi sizokusiza ngalokho.
Ukuqalisa Okuyisisekelo
Ukusebenza kwe isibonakude sokuqala ihlobene nobubanzi noma ukuvulwa kwayo, futhi lolo lwazi lusungulwa ngamamilimitha. Leso isici esiyinhloko okufanele sibonwe kunoma yisiphi isibonakude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ube nemibono ethile ye-optics nendlela yokuyihlanganisa. Isibonakude singenziwa ngamalensi, abizwa ngokuthi i-refractor, noma singenziwa ngezibuko, esibizwa ngokuthi i-reflector.
Kungenzeka ukuthi yonke into esiyichazile ngaphambilini izodala imibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo, kodwa lapha sizochaza zonke lezo zingxenye ezihlobene nolwazi nokuphatha isibonakude. Ngakho ungaqala ukubuka isibhakabhaka njengochwepheshe.
Kutuswa ukuthi isibonakude sokuqala esizothengwa kufanele kube uhlobo lwesibonisi, esiphakathi kuka-100mm no-200mm ububanzi, kodwa uma sizoba isibonakude esiphindelelayo, sincoma ukuthi uthenge esiphakathi kuka-60mm no-90mm.
Uma uyothenga isibonakude sakho, kufanele ubuze ukuthi sinaso yini isicwecwe samehlo, ngoba uma kungenjalo, kutuswa ukuthi uthenge esiphakathi kuka-25mm no-40mm futhi uma ungenaye umuntu onolwazi oluthile ngalolu daba. uzoyisebenzisa, kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi uthenge imephu noma inkomba yesibhakabhaka sasebusuku.
Okufanele ukwazi ngaphambi kokuthenga isibonakude
Uma kwenzeka wazi kakade, ngendlela elula yokuqondisa umbono wakho esibhakabhakeni, noma ngosizo lwe-planisphere, noma ngomhlahlandlela oya emazulwini noma usebenzisa isofthiwe yokuqaphela, ukuhlelwa kwabanye. Izinkanyezi noma imilaza, sekuyisikhathi sokuqala ukusebenzisa a isibonakude sezinkanyezi.
Akunakushiwo ukuthi kukhona a isibonakude esingcono kakhulu sezinkanyezi lokho okunye. Konke kuncike ekutheni ziyini izidingo zakho nokuthi hlobo luni lwemizimba yasezulwini ofuna ukuyibona. Mhlawumbe umuntu uzocabanga ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwe isibonakude sezinkanyezi ungcono kunomunye futhi omunye umlandeli angase acabange ngenye indlela, kodwa uma kuyisigaba sokuqala sokubuka izinkanyezi, kungcono ukuthi wazi kahle ngezici ezivelele kakhulu.
Kodwa uma ungakazi noma yimuphi umfanekiso noma inkanyezi evela ku-vault yasebusuku, insimbi yokubona ngeke ibe usizo olukhulu. Uma inhloso yakho kuwukunikeza isibonakude, kunconywa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi usinikeze kanye nemephu yamazulu noma ibalazwe lomhlaba. Kukhona nezinhlelo zekhompiyutha kanye nezicelo ezingathengelwa amadivaysi eselula okungatholakala ngawo izinto zasezulwini.
Isibonakude noma amaBinoculars
Ungaqala ngamabonakude alula, njengoba eyithuluzi elihle kakhulu ukuqala ngawo, futhi kunconywa ukuthi uhlole isibhakabhaka ebusuku ngawo ngaphambi kokuba uyothenga isibonakude.
Izibonakude ezivame kakhulu nezifanele i-7x50, okusho ukuthi zilingana no-7x magnification kanye nobubanzi obungu-50mm ezinhlosweni, noma futhi u-10×50, okungukuthi, ukukhulisa okungu-10x kanye no-50mm ububanzi ezihlosweni. Okunye ukukhuliswa kwama-diameter nakho kungasebenza, kufanele nje uhlole eyakho futhi ubone ukuthi ingakanani ububanzi onayo futhi uma ilingana nezilinganiso esiziphakamisile, kodwa uma ukukhuliswa kwakho nobubanzi bezinjongo kuphakeme, kungcono kakhulu.
Okwenziwayo kungathuthukiswa uma une-tripod yekhamera yokubeka ama-binoculars. Ezitolo ezikhethekile bayawathengisa, ane-adaptha edingekayo ukuze kubekwe ama-binoculars.
Uma usunawo la mathuluzi, uzokwazi ukujabulela isipiliyoni esifana kakhulu nalokho ozokuthola lapho ubheka isibonakude esincane, kuzofaneleka ukubuka amasathelayithi eJupiter, i-Orion Nebula, i-Andromeda Galaxy kanye ne- inani elikhulu lemizimba yasezulwini.
thola izinto esibhakabhakeni
Omunye umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu ozokwazi ukuwenza ngalezi zinsiza ukufunda ukuthola izinto esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, futhi kuzokunikeza ukuzijwayeza ukwazi ukusebenzisa isibonakude esikhathini esizayo.
Uma usuyihlolile le mishini, futhi usunqume ukuthenga isibonakude, kungaba kuhle uma ungase uqale uzilolonge ngeyodwa, futhi, uma kungenzeka, uzijwayeze ngezinketho ezimbalwa. Buza abangani bakho kanye nojwayelene nabo ukuthi banayo yini futhi ubacele ukuthi bayiboleke. Lo msebenzi uzoba usizo lapho ukhetha yini isibonakude ongasithenga ukuze ubone amaplanethi, Izokwazisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo nosayizi wesibonakude ozizwa ukhululekile ngaso.
Uma wenza ucwaningo ku-inthanethi, ungaba nenhlanhla yokuthola iqembu lezazi zezinkanyezi eziyimfundamakhwela eduze nalapho uhlala khona elihlela ukuphuma ukuze libuke Izinkanyezi ezidubulayo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ungajoyina ezinye zazo futhi usebenzise izibonakude nolwazi lwabangane bakho abasha, okuzokusiza ukuthi unqume yini isibonakude ukuthenga Siyaqiniseka ukuthi bazozimisela kakhulu ukukusiza.
Ungakhetha kanjani i-telescope ongayithenga?
Yiqiniso, into yokuqala okufanele icatshangelwe yizindleko. Kodwa isibonakude esisebenza kahle asibizi ngokweqile. Ngokunokwenzeka, okokuqala, a isibonakude sabaqalayo kubiza cishe amadola ayi-100. Kodwa uma ibhajethi yakho iphakathi kwamadola angu-200 kanye nama-300, siyakuqinisekisa ukuthi uzothola isibonakude, kungaba uhlobo lwe-refractor noma i-reflector, ezoba nendawo yokuvula eyanele neyanele enekhwalithi enkulu.
Izindleko zizohlotshaniswa nohlobo lwesikhwezi noma i-tripod oyiphethe, kanye nohlobo lwama-optics onawo. Olunye udaba okufanele lubhekwe ukuthi izindleko zihluke kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi uzoyithenga kuphi.
Ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uhambe futhi uhlole okuningi noma, okungcono nokho, uhlole ukuze ubone ukuthi bakhona yini abathengisi endaweni yakini, ngoba amanani angcono kakhulu atholakala kubathengisi nasezitolo ezisebenza ngokukhethekile ngezinsimbi nezinsimbi. izibonakude ezezinkanyezi. Yize sihlala sinomthombo wokuzithenga ku-inthanethi nokuthola okunikezwayo okuhle, ngenxa yalesi sizathu sincoma ukuthi ubuyekeze wonke amathuba okwazi. yini isibonakude ukuthenga
Izinhlobo ze-optics kanye nokukhweza ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi i-telescope ongayithenga
Uma unquma ukuthi iyiphi ithelesikophu ongayithenga, kufanele ucabangele imibuzo emibili ebalulekile: uhlobo lwama-optics kanye nohlobo lwesikwele, futhi ngalokho sizophinde sikunikeze usizo lwethu.
Izinhlobo ze-optics
Njengoba sichazile ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezimbili, i-refractor kanye ne-reflector.
isibonakude refract
Kufanele sazi ukuthi ububanzi obuwusizo bethelesikophu buhlobene ngokuqondile nobubanzi noma indawo evulekayo. Uma kuyisibonakude somuntu oqalayo, okukodwa kohlobo lwe-refractor, oluphakathi kuka-60mm no-90mm, noma isibonisi esiphakathi kuka-100mm no-200mm.
Izici, Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi be-Refractor Telescope
- Izibonakude ezibukwayo zakhiwe ngamalensi kuphela.
- Idinga cishe akukho ukulungiswa.
- Kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi njengobubanzi bokubona.
- Kuhle kakhulu ukubuka izinto zeSolar System.
- Avuleka amancane noma aphakathi.
- Uma sifuna amandla aphakathi nendawo, ithubhu ingaba nkulu futhi ingalawuleki.
Isibonakude esibonakalisayo
Imishini yezibonakude zohlobo lwe-reflector, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Newton-type telescope, isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezibuko ezigobile.
Izimpawu, Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Besibonakude Esibonakalisayo
- Ukuvuleka okwengeziwe, futhi ngenxa yaleso sizathu amandla engeziwe, ngentengo ethengekayo. Izokunikeza amathuba amaningi okubuka.
- Kuhle ukubuka kokubili i-Solar System kanye nezinto ezibuthakathaka njengama-nebulae nemithala.
- Ukwazi amasu afanele, ungazakhela ngokwakho, okuhlukile ukuthi uzodinga ukuthenga isibuko se-parabolic.
- I-tube ivulekile, ayinayo i-lens eyivala, yingakho isibuko, esitholakala phansi kwe-tube, sidinga ukunakekelwa, okuyinto kulokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba ne-aluminium izikhathi ezimbalwa, kuye ngokuthi ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuphathwa kwayo.
- Ukuma okumelwe kucatshangelwe ukuze kubhekwe ngezinye izikhathi kungasibangela ukungakhululeki, ngoba i-eyepiece iyingxenye yangaphambili futhi indawo yayo ingase ibe phansi kakhulu noma iphakame kakhulu.
i-catadioptric telescope
Lezi zikhethekile, kuwuhlobo lwe isibonakude sobungcweti, ngenxa yokuthi izibonakude ze-catadioptric zakhiwe ngengxube yamalensi nezibuko, zingatholakala namagama ohlobo lweSchmidt-Cassegrain, Maksutov, namanye.
Izici, Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi be-Catadioptric Telescope
- Idinga cishe akukho ukulungiswa.
- Ukuvuleka kwabo kungaba okuphakathi noma okukhulu ngeshubhu elifushane nelihlangene, ngakho kulula ukuphatha nokuthutha.
- Ikhululekile ukufakwa nokubhekwa.
- Izindleko eziphezulu.
izinhlobo zokukhweza
Iqiniso lokuthi isibona-kude sinemishini yokubona ekahle alisizi uma singenayo into yokukhwela intaba eqinile. Lesi yisici sesibili okufanele sisicabangele lapho sikhetha yini isibonakude ukuthenga Uma intaba ingazinzile, inyakaza, noma ingasivumeli ukuthi senze umnyakazo onembe kakhulu, izophazamisa ngokuphelele ukuqaphela kwethu, sizozizwa sikhungathekile sizama ukuqondisa umbono wethu entweni ngaphandle kokukwazi ukwenza kanjalo.
Izinhlobo zokukhweza isibonakude ezivame ukusetshenziswa i-azimuth, inkabazwe, nekhompyutha:
Intaba ye-Altazimuth
I-altazimuth mount iyona ezokuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokuqondile ukutshekisela phezulu-phansi nakwesokudla-kwesokunxele.
Izici, Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi beNtaba ye-Altazimuth
- Kulula, kuthatha indawo encane. Okongayo okwengeziwe.
- Kuma-reflectors, kukhona uhlobo lwe-Dobson, olufana nebhokisi elilula elibekwe phansi.
- Ukulandelela izinkanyezi kumele kwenziwe mathupha.
Isibonakude se-Equatorial Mount
Intaba yenkabazwe yiyona esetshenziswa ngokubeka i-eksisi ehambisana ne-axis yokujikeleza koMhlaba.
Izimpawu, Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi bentaba yenkabazwe
- Ivumela ukulandelela inkanyezi, ukumelana nokujikeleza koMhlaba, ngomshini olula wokujika isondo.
- Kunama-mounts anamandla okwenza lokhu kuzungezisa ngenjini.
- Ibiza kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi inkulu kakhulu.
- Kudinga ukufundiswa kwangaphambili ekuphathweni nasekuhlanganiseni kwayo, kodwa kulula ukuyifunda.
I-Computer Mounted Telescope
Lolu hlobo lwentaba lufakwe uhlelo lokusesha lwekhompiyutha, lwakhiwe izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezenza kube lula ukucinga izindikimba zasezulwini, phakathi kwazo iGOTO, Autostar, nezinye eziningi.
Izimpawu, Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi yokukhweza okusekhompyutheni
- Bheka futhi ulandele izinto okufanele zibukwe.
- Intengo iphezulu, nakuba sezithengeka kakhulu.
- Ithimba kufanele liqondiswe ngaphambi kokuqala iseshini yokubuka.
- Kudala ubunzima obengeziwe kulabo abasanda kuqala ngokubuka izinkanyezi njengoba kungase kubavimbele ukuthi bazifundele.
Kuthiwani uma kuyi-telescope yengane?
Ngezinye izikhathi, yizingane ezicela isibonakude njengesipho. Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza lolu hlobo lokuzilibazisa kwesayensi kubo, ngakho-ke ithuba akufanele liphuthelwe. Isincomo sethu ukuthi ungamniki isibonakude esishibhile, ngoba uzokhungatheka futhi adumale.
Kuyafaneleka ukumthengela isibonakude sokuqala esihlangabezana nezidingo esizishilo ngaphambili, ukuze simbandakanye enqubweni yokuthenga, ukuze afunde ukubaluleka kwezinyathelo nezinto eziyakhayo, ukuze sikhuthaze enganeni uthando lwesayensi yezinkanyezi, futhi, ngisho noma engase abe isazi sezinkanyezi esihlakaniphile esikhathini esizayo, kunoma yikuphi sizobe simnikeza umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa othakazelisayo kakhulu ozokwenza umcabango wakhe unwebe kwezinye izindawo zesayensi.
Kubaluleke kangakanani ukwanda? lapho sinquma ukuthi yisiphi isibonakude esizosithenga?
Ukukhuliswa akunakho ngempela ukubaluleka, nakuba ukukhangisa ebhokisini kusho kanjalo, ngoba akuhlobene nesibonakude ngokwaso, kodwa nesiqephu esengeziwe esiyiso.
Into evamile iwukuba ukwazi ukubala kuma-eyepiece amabili noma amathathu okukhuliswa okuhlukene, ngoba umzimba ngamunye wegumbi lasezulwini udinga ukukhuliswa okuthile ukuze ukwazi ukubonwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, ngezinye izikhathi kuyoba ngcono ukusebenzisa eziningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyoba ngcono ukusebenzisa ezimbalwa.
Ukukhulisa kufanele kulingane nohlobo lwesibonakude. Ngokuvamile, ukuvuleka okuphindwe kabili ngamamilimitha kubhekwa njengomkhawulo wokukhulisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwisibonakude esingama-60mm, umkhawulo wokukhulisa ungu-120. Kodwa zonke lezo zokukhulisa zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngendlela engokoqobo emathubeni ahluke kakhulu, njengokubuka inyanga, izimo zomkhathi.
Inkinga iwukuthi, izikhathi eziningi, uma ukukhuliswa okwengeziwe kubekwa, cishe akukho okungabonwa, ngoba yonke into izoba lufifi kakhulu futhi imininingwane yendikimba yasezulwini esiyibonayo izolahleka. Ngakho-ke uma ikesi lesibonakude limemezela ukuthi linobubanzi obungu-60mm, kodwa ngokukhulisa okungu-425x, sikweluleka ukuthi ungayithengi.
Kungashiwo ukuthi kuhle ukuthi i-eyepiece ibe nokukhuliswa okuphansi, okusiqinisekisayo ukuthi inikeza insimu enkulu yokubuka, njengoba kwenzeka ngama-eyepieces kusuka ku-25mm kuya ku-40mm. Into evamile ukuthi awafakiwe kusibonakude, futhi kufanele siwathole ngokuhlukana kwawo.
Yebo sikweluleka ukuthi uyithenge, ngezixwayiso esizenzile ngaphambili, ngoba ngaphandle kwe-eyepiece ungase ufinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi i-telescope yakho ibukeka kabi noma kunzima kakhulu kuwe ukuthola izinto esibhakabhakeni.
Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi i-telescope ongayithenga
Mhlawumbe lolu lwazi aludingeki kangako ekuqaleni, kodwa kunoma yikuphi sibonisa ukuthi esinye isici esingathonya yini isibonakude ukuthenga ubude bendawo, obuxhunyaniswe nosayizi noma ubude beshubhu, kanye nesilinganiso sokugxila, esibhekisela ekutheni ubude bendawo bukhulu kangaki uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yokuvula.
Isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukuthi uma imbobo ingu-60mm, futhi ubude bendawo bungu-600mm, okuwuphinda ka-10 indawo yokuvula, khona-ke isilinganiso sokugxila sizoba ngu-10. Ekesini lethelesikophu ingakhonjiswa kanje: f/10.
Uma isilinganiso sokugxilwa kuso sisincane, yithi ngaphansi kuka-6, isibonakude sizokhanya, silungele ukubuka izinto ezibuthakathaka njengama-nebula noma imithala. Uma kuyinde, okubhekwa njengokungaphezu kuka-8, uzoba nokugqama okuhle kakhulu ongakubona amaplanethi esimiso sonozungezilanga, njengezinyanga, amasathelayithi namaplanethi. Isilinganiso sokugxila esiphakathi kuka-5 no-10 sizoboniswa ukuze sikwazi ukubuka cishe yonke into. Noma yini engaphandle kwalelo banga lesilinganiso ayinconyiwe, okungenani ngesibonakhulu sokuqala.
Ubude bokugxila kuzophinde bubonise inani lokukhulisa i-eyepiece enganikeza. Ukuze wenze lokhu udinga nje ukuhlukanisa ubude obugxilile betheleskopu ngobude obugxile beso, okuvame ukuba yinombolo ephrintwa esihlokweni ngamamilimitha. Isibonelo salesi sibalo simi kanje: ubude be-telescope focal = 1000 mm, ne-eyepiece engu-25 mm, ukuhlukanisa u-1000 / 25 kuzonikeza inani lokukhuliswa okungu-40x.
Elinye ithiphu ukuze ukwazi ukukhetha ukuthi iyiphi i-telescope ongayithenga
Noma nini lapho ufuna ukuthenga isibonakude noma yimuphi omunye umshini wezinkanyezi, kunconywa ukuthi uye endlini ekhethekile. Lapho ngokuqinisekile uzothola ikhwalithi, ukuhlukahluka kanye namanani angcono kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokuthi unqume ukuthi yisiphi isibonakude ongasithenga...
Uma usuvele uyithengile, qhubeka nokuyiqaqa ngokucophelela okukhulu bese ulandela imiyalelo esebhokisini ukuze uyihlanganise. Ngemva kokuhloma, thola imephu yesibhakabhaka noma usizo lwabangane abathile abazi isihloko bese uqala ukuthola izindikimba zasezulwini. Uma uthole iqembu lokubuka eduze nendawo ohlala kuyo, sikweluleka ukuthi ulijoyine, uze ube nokuzijwayeza okwanele ukuze ukwazi ukukwenza wedwa.
Kufanele futhi sikuxwayise ukuthi ukubuka ngesibonakude akufani nokubona izithombe, ngakho-ke cishe izindikimba zasezulwini ohlangana nazo ngeke zibonakale ngosayizi omkhulu noma ngombala, futhi, noma kunjalo, akuvamile ukuthi ungazibona. izinto ngesikhathi sokuqala. Kudinga ukuzijwayeza ukuqeqesha amehlo akho futhi uwajwayeze lo msebenzi. Ungalahli ithemba uma kukuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa ukukwenza.
Amanye amakhono okubona ongawafunda ahlanganisa ukuthola indawo emnyama, ukuzivikela emakhazeni ngisho nasehlobo, ukuba nesibani esibomvu esiseduze ukuze ubuke amamephu ukuze umbono wakho ungadakwa ukukhanya okumhlophe, ungalokothi ubeke isibonakude sakho phezu kwetiyela noma endaweni ethile. ezikhipha ukushisa noma ezindaweni lapho kuvela khona isiyaluyalu somoya oshisayo.