Igama Kremlin ivela njalo ezindabeni; sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba kusukela iRussia yaqala impi yayo ne-Ukraine. Ngokuvamile, abantu bahlobanisa igama nesihlalo samandla sikahulumeni waseRussia. Ukucabanga ukuthi kufana neMoncloa eSpain kanye ne-White House e-US.
Nokho, lapha sizokutshela ukuthi yini yi-kremlin, indawo eyizifanekiselo nemele kakhulu yedolobha laseMoscow.
Iyini i-Kremlin?
Igama elithi Kremlin lisuselwa ku- umuzi obiyelweyo echaza. I-Kremlin yaseMoscow ikhona Amahektha angama-27 zomhlaba ozungezwe Amamitha angu-2500 kwezindonga ezihlangene 20 imibhoshongo 80 amamitha ukuphakama. I-Kremlin imelelwa izindonga zayo ezibomvu kanye nezimo zezulu ezimise okwenkanyezi ebomvu phezu kwemibhoshongo yayo.
Kukhona cishe Ama-kremlin angama-20 asakazeka kulo lonke elaseRussia. Nokho, iMoscow Kremlin iyona edume kunazo zonke. Kuyiqoqo lama-cathedrals, izigodlo nezinye izakhiwo ezakhiwa ngesikhathi se-Tsarist. Ngo-1990, yafakwa ohlwini lwe-UNESCO World Heritage Site. lowo oseMoscow, ithathwa njengendawo esemthethweni yokusebenza kukamongameli, nakuba kungewona umuzi wakhe ojwayelekile.
Umsuka we-Kremlin
IMoscow Kremlin yavela enqabeni yamapulangwe eyayala ngekhulu le-XNUMX nguNkosana uYury Dolgoruky. AmaMongol ayibhubhisa le nqaba ngekhulu le-XNUMX, futhi amaTatar ayibhubhisa ngelinye ikhulu leminyaka. Nakuba kungekho ukucekela phansi okulula, kokubili kwatholakala ekugcineni.
Inqaba emhlophe enemibhoshongo eyisishiyagalolunye yayalelwa yiNkosana uDmitri Donskoi futhi yakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Iyingxenye ye-Kremlin entsha esevele ikhona yakhiwa njengekhaya lenkosana nomndeni wasebukhosini baseMoscow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingxenye ezimbalwa ze-Kremlin entsha zase zakhiwe ngalesi sikhathi.
U-Ivan III wabusa phakathi nekhulu le-XV-XVI. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe kwaqala ubukhazikhazi beKremlin; lwaqhubeka lukhula phakathi nalokhu okulandelayo iminyaka 200. njengezindaba iPalacio de Granovitaja, iTorre del Salvador kanye nodonga kugqame. Phakathi nokubusa kuka-Ivan, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile e-Kremlin: I-Annunciation Cathedral, i-Assumption Cathedral kanye neBandla LoMsindisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Ivan wayala ukuba kwakhiwe amanye amasonto amabili esonto: i-Cathedral yeNgelosi Enkulu uMikayeli nelinye elinikezelwe kuZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele. Ekugcineni, owalandela u-Ivan waqhubeka nokwakha i- I-Grand Kremlin Palace.
INguquko ka-Okthoba ka-1917 yaba inguquko enkulu eMoscow Kremlin. Lesi sigameko senza ukuthi izindela zeDemetrius kanye ne-Ascension zithathwe izakhiwo zikahulumeni. Futhi, indawo yaqina kakhulu njengoba cishe zonke izakhiwo zomphakathi zivaliwe ukuze kungene izivakashi.
Uhulumeni waseRussia wanquma ukubuyisela izakhiwo eziwohlokayo futhi akhe Congress Palace, isikhungo sempilo yakhe yezombangazwe, ku 1940 y 1960.
Yini ongayivakashela?
Uhambo oluya eMoscow ngaphandle kokubona i-Kremlin kuthathwa njengokungaphelele yizivakashi eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunjalo enye yezinto ezikhangayo ezibaluleke kakhulu edolobheni, kanye nakulo lonke elaseRussia. I-Moscow Kremlin iqukethe izakhiwo zomlando, amasonto kanye neminyuziyamu. Njengelukuluku, amasonto amabhishobhi asatshalaliswa endaweni efanayo, okuyinhliziyo ye-Kremlin. Okulandelayo, sizochaza kancane mayelana nendawo ngayinye kulezi.
I-Kremlin Armory Museum
I-Kremlin Armory ingelinye lamamnyuziyamu amahle kakhulu emhlabeni. Iqukethe iqoqo elikhulu lamagugu ahlukile, okuhlanganisa amaqanda e-Fabergé, izingubo, izikhali, izikhali, nobucwebe.
IBell Tower ka-Ivan Omkhulu
Umbhoshongo wensimbi ka-Ivan Omkhulu wawukhona isakhiwo eside kunazo zonke eMoscow iminyaka engaphezu kuka-400. Iphakama ngamamitha angama-80, cishe amamitha angama-262, ngaphezu kweCathedral Square, okuyindawo futhi yesonto elikhulu laseKremlin. I-Ivan's Bell Tower iqukethe imnyuziyamu lapho ungabona khona yonke iMoscow ngombono wayo wenyoni.
I-Cathedral of the Dormition
I-Cathedral of the Dormition yaziwa nangokuthi ICathedral Yokwenyuka; iyisonto elikhulu lamatshe elinezikhonkwane zegolide nezithombe ezimibalabala ngaphakathi. Isonto lakhiwe ngamatshe amhlophe, futhi ingaphakathi lalo limbozwe ngemidwebo yasendongeni kanye nezindlu ezinhlanu zegolide. Njengelukuluku, leli sonto lombhishobhi yilapho wonke amaTsars ethweswa khona umqhele.
Ukubhengezwa kwe-Cathedral
Leli bhishobhi lakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Idizayini nokuhlobisa kwayo kushintshile ukuze kubonise okuthandwa yi-tsar ngayinye elandelanayo. Iphinde ibe namadomu egolide, ekuqaleni okwakuyizingosi ezintathu, futhi namuhla inawo amadomu egolide ayisishiyagalolunye.
Ingelosi enkulu uMichael Cathedral
eyakhelwe phakathi 1505 y 1508 ukuthatha indawo yelinye ithempeli elidala, i-Cathedral of the Archangel inomhlobiso oqinile owakhiwe ngamafresco amahle kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX, kanye nemifanekiso eshayayo nezibani ezinhle.
Futhi, ungathola ezinye izindawo ezifana nalezi: i-Grand Kremlin Palace, i-State Kremlin Palace kanye neNdawo yokuhlala kaMongameli. Lezi zamuva azivamile ukugxila kakhulu kwezivakashi.
Nakuba iRed Square neSt. Basil’s Cathedral zingafani neKremlin, abantu abaningi bayayidida. Nokho, ahluke ngokuphelele, futhi kusengenye ingxenye yeMoscow ongayivakashela. Ngethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi lube usizo.