Izazi ze-anthropologists zisebenza ngokukhethekile emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa i-anthropology yamasiko, i-anthropology ebonakalayo, i-anthropology yolimi, i-anthropology yezenhlalo, kanye ne-archaeology. Lezi zifundo zabelana ngokufana nezinye isayensi yezenhlalo njengesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nomlando.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi i-anthropologist iyini, yenzani kanye nezinhlobo ze-anthropologist ezikhona, sizokutshela kabanzi.
Iyini i-anthropology?
I-Anthropology ingenye yesayensi yezenhlalo, egxile kuyo qonda futhi uchaze amasiko nemiphakathi yabantu ngesikhathi nomlando. Njengengxenye yemizamo yayo yokuqonda umlando, i-anthropology ifunda izinhlelo zamasiko nezilimi ezahlukene. Iphinde ihlole ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zamasiko zifana kanjani futhi zihluke kanjani ngombono wezenhlalo, webhayoloji, kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Izazi ze-anthropologists zingochwepheshe emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa i-anthropology yamasiko, i-physical anthropology, i-anthropology yolimi, i-anthropology yomphakathi, kanye ne-archaeology. Lezi zifundo zabelana ngokufana nezinye isayensi yezenhlalo njengesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu kanye nomlando. Eqinisweni, basebenza ezikoleni zemfundo, izikhungo zikahulumeni, izikhungo zocwaningo, nezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo. Umsebenzi wakhe ugxile ocwaningweni lwezemfundo ukuze athuthukise umkhakha wakhe ngenhloso yokuxazulula izinkinga zabantu.
Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-anthropologist
Izazi ze-anthropologists zivame ukwenza imisebenzi evamile Olandelayo. Ngezansi sibahlanganisa futhi sichaze kafushane ngabo:
- Baphenya nezici zezomnotho, izibalo zabantu, zezenhlalo, zezepolitiki, zolimi, namasiko zamaqembu ezenhlalo ahlukene ukuze baqonde kangcono ukuthi bahluke kanjani.Bakwenza ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ngezingxoxo, imibhalo, kanye nokubona, finyelela esiphethweni ngokuqoqa ulwazi.
- Thola izinkolelo zamasiko nezinqubo ezithinta kakhulu impilo kanye nokufinyelela ezinsizeni eziyisisekelo
- Bahlola futhi baqoqe izinto zobuciko nezinsalela zamasiko asendulo, ukuze baqonde kangcono amasiko amadlozi. Baphinde basebenzise amasu esistimu ukuze ulwazi oluqoqiwe lunembile.
- Chaza ngokuthuthuka kwamasiko, ulimi, imikhuba, izinkolelo, izici zomzimba, kanye nemvelaphi yemiphakathi eyahlukene yabantu.
- Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokwethula okutholakele emibikweni kuzithameli ezijwayelekile nezikhethekile, ukuze:
- Imithetho ye-anthropology kumele ikwazi ukuchaza nokubikezela ukuziphatha nokuthuthuka komuntu.
- Amarekhodi aqukethe ulwazi oluchaza futhi luhlaziye amaphethini nezinqubo zomphakathi.
- Izinkampani zikahulumeni, izinhlangano ezizimele nezinye izikhungo zicela izeluleko zezazi ze-anthropologist ukuze zenze izinhlelo, zihlele izinqubomgomo zenhlalo nokunye.
- Thuthukisa imiphumela yocwaningo ngokwethula amaphepha ezinkomfeni noma ngokuwashicilela.
- Amaqembu okuthuthukiswa komphakathi adinga izinqubo zokungenelela ukuze athuthuke. Kulapho izazi ze-anthropologists zingenela khona:
- Njengongoti kwezokuhlelela nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, bayasebenzisana ukuze bafeze izinhloso zabo.
- Basebenzisa ulwazi nezinkolelo zabo mayelana nemvelo emasikweni ahlukene kumaphrojekthi okuphatha izinsiza.
- Izinkinga zokuphepha kokudla zingabonakala ngokubheka ukukhiqizwa, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kokudla.
Amakhono Anthropology
I-Anthropology ihlukaniswe ngezigaba, futhi, ngayinye inesibopho somsebenzi othile. Lapha sizokhuluma ezivame kakhulu:
- I-anthropology ye-Forensic. Leli gatsha, ngenxa yochungechunge lwethelevishini, ngokuqinisekile yilo elaziwa kakhulu. Baphethe ukusebenzisana namaphoyisa ukuze basize ekuhlonzeni abashonile noma abadukile.
- I-anthropology yomzimba noma yezinto eziphilayo. Umgomo wayo ukufunda ukusebenzisana komuntu nemvelo kanye nezinqubo zebhayoloji. Futhi-ke, lokhu kubathinta kanjani abantu.
- i-anthropology yamasiko. Ifunda ngamasiko, futhi igxile, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekulondolozweni kwedlanzana noma amasiko omdabu lapho ibhekene nengcindezi yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke.
- i-anthropology yezilimi. Ifunda futhi ihumushe ukuvela kwezilimi ezahlukene, esimweni sokuthuthuka komuntu kanye nofuzo lomuntu ngamunye.
- i-anthropology yezokwelapha. Icwaninga ukuthi ihunyushwa kanjani esikweni ngalinye, impilo jikelele, izifo kanye nendlela yokwenza kulezi zimo nokuthi yiluphi usizo olukhona.
- i-anthropology yasemadolobheni. Isekelwe ekuhleleni amadolobha kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphilisana komphakathi. Isibonelo, iphethe ukuhlela ukwakhiwa kwamapaki ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane, phakathi kwezinye izimo zasemadolobheni.
- i-anthropology yobulili. Kusekelwe ekwakhiweni nasekusekelweni kwezinqubomgomo zokuvimbela udlame lobulili.
Yimaphi amakhono afiselekayo ku-anthropologist ukuba abe nawo?
Akwanele nje ukufunda nokuthola iziqu, ukuze ube isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo cishe kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqamisa lawa makhono alandelayo:
- umthamo obalulekile
- Sekela futhi uhloniphe ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko
- Yiba nolwazi lwamathuluzi ethnographic nokucwaninga.
- Amakhono amahle okuxhumana kokubili okubhaliwe nokukhulunywayo.
- Isimo sengqondo esisebenzayo lapho usebenza namaqembu ezinhlanga eziningi.
- Ikhono lokuphatha ingcindezi ebangelwa ukucindezeleka.
Ukuvakasha kobungcweti
Umuntu oneziqu ze-anthropology angaqashwa yizikhungo zikahulumeni nezizimele. Nokho Iningi lamathuba emisebenzi aziwa nge-anthropologist yilawo ahlobene nokusatshalaliswa kwesayensi, ucwaningo nokufundisa, zikhona nezinye izindawo zokusebenza ezifana nalezi:
- Izeluleko, zombili ezivela kuhulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele.
- Ukulondolozwa kwamagugu amasiko nomlando.
- Ukuphathwa kwemnyuziyamu.
- Ukulamula phakathi kwemiphakathi yendabuko kanye nohulumeni.
- Ukuhlaziywa kwepolitiki yamanje.
- Umphathi kanye nonjiniyela wezinqubomgomo zokufuduka.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi uyazi ukuthi yini i-anthropologist, futhi uma ucabanga ukufunda i-anthropology, izosebenza njengesiqondiso esincane.