La uxhaso lwezimali lwesifunda kuwuhlobo lomncintiswano osungulwe uhulumeni waseSpain ofuna ukunikeza izinsiza emiphakathini ezimele yaseSpain, funda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko ngokufunda isihloko esilandelayo.
Ukuxhaswa ngezimali okuzimele kuvumela ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemiphakathi
uxhaso lwezimali lwesifunda
Namuhla, ukuxhaswa ngezimali komphakathi kukhule ngendlela yokuthi uhulumeni waseSpain unqume ukwenza izinguquko ezinhlelweni zezimali zesifunda. Lolu hlelo lusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokunikeza izinsiza kumaphrojekthi azimele kanye nezinhlelo ezihloselwe ukukhula endaweni ethile.
Kodwa ukuze singene emininingwaneni ngalesi sihloko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani, oludala isiphithiphithi esithile emphakathini walelo zwe, ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwezinguquko ezithile.
Kunezinye izindlela zentela njengalezo eziboniswe esihlokweni esilandelayo Ukuhlinzekela isetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuqoqwa.
isilinganiso semali engenayo
Emhlabeni wezezimali nezomnotho owakha umbuso waseSpain, imiphakathi ezimele kufanele ithole izinsiza ngokusebenzisa umbuso, lapho ukuphathwa nokuphathwa kwalezi zinsiza kufanele kulawulwe ngama-akhawunti ahlukahlukene emali engenayo nezindleko, ake sibone.
izintela ezabiwe
Ingenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ihlobene nentela umbuso eyabayo futhi uyinikeza imiphakathi ezimele.Okungukuthi, emva kokuqoqa intela, umbuso uyabela phakathi kwemiphakathi eyahlukene, okumele iyitshale ezindaweni zayo; Endabeni yezintela ezabiwe, umthetho wezomnotho waseSpain usungula izinhlobo ezintathu
- I-IRF, lapho ingxenye yenzuzo yabelwa khona.
- I-VAT, u-50% weqoqo nawo uyasatshalaliswa.
- Okukhethekile, lapho imiphakathi igcina u-58% wesamba esiqoqiwe.
Izitatimende zemali engenayo zisungula ukuhlukaniswa kwamaqoqo ngezingxenye ezilinganayo, eziya kuhulumeni kanti ezinye ziye emiphakathini ezimele, ukuze inikezwe ithuba lokuphatha izinsiza zayo ngaphandle kokungenelela kukahulumeni.
ukhiphe izintela
Yilezo lapho imiphakathi ngokwayo iqoqa izintela bese isungula amasu ayo entela futhi ithole imali engenayo ngalezi zenzo, lezi zimali zisebenzela ukunxephezela umehluko phakathi kwalokho okuqoqwa umphakathi nalokho okufanele kusetshenziswe ngempela.
Izintela futhi zihlanganisa izici zomnotho ezincane ezifana nezimpahla, iminikelo, ukulandelana, Intela Yokudluliswa Kwezakhiwo (ITP) kanye Nemithetho Yezomthetho Ebhaliwe (AJD). Ngenxa yale ndlela, imiphakathi ingakwazi ukulawula izimali ngokuqondile futhi ilawule yonke into ehlobene nezinsiza.
Ezinye izifundazwe, njengenhloko-dolobha yezwe, zibeka ngaphandle izakhamuzi ezicebile, okuvumela ukulandelana neminikelo yezihlobo eziqondile kwehliswe kakhulu.
Izimali
Ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu, lezo eziyisiqiniseko eziphethe isiqiniseko sokuthi izinsiza kusatshalaliswa kahle yisakhamuzi ngasinye. Okwesibili, i-global sufficiency fund, lapho uxhaso lwezimali lwesifunda lunikezwa ukubhekelela izidingo zemiphakathi yomhlaba.
Isikhwama sesithathu sibizwa ngokuthi yi-regional convergence, lapho ukuncintisana nokubambisana kwamukelwa ngokuncishiswa kokungalingani kwezezimali, kanye nokuvuna imiphakathi ene-GDP ephansi ngomuntu ngamunye kanye naleyo enokuhlakazeka okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu.
Izikweletu
Ukuphathwa kwe-akhawunti kukholakala ukuthi kungenye yezinkinga eziqine kakhulu zokuthola izimali zesifunda. Izintela ezabelwe ingxenye enkulu nokuphathwa kwezimali kukhiqiza ama-akhawunti ahlukahlukene okufanele aphathwe ukuze kuthunyelwe izinsiza; umbuso kufanele ubale inani lemali elabelwe umphakathi ngamunye nokuthi ukweleta malini ukukhokha ngamunye.
Lezi zibalo zinqunywa ngemva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu lapho kufanele zithole seziphelele. Inkinga akukhona ukunikezwa kwezinsiza ngokumiswa kwemali, kodwa lapho ama-akhawunti eqala ukukhombisa amabhalansi angalungile ku-accounting, abe angalingani ngokuphelele, futhi yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona.
Ukubaluleka ekuphathweni kwama-akhawunti kubalulekile ukuze uhlelo lwe uxhaso lwezimali lwesifunda ingasebenza ngendlela elinganiselayo. Kungakho amanye amakhongolose avela endaweni yezomnotho ayefuna ukwenza izinguquko ezazizoqeda lolu hlobo lwenkinga.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwadaleka ukushoda kombuso okuye kwandisa umthwalo wokungenzi lutho kuhulumeni waseSpain.
Ukuqoqwa
Kulesi sici, okunye ukwehluleka kuyafinyelelwa, imiphakathi ezimele ayinawo amandla anele okuhlanganisa zonke izici ezihilelekile ekuqoqweni kwezintela. Inakekela izintela ezikhishiwe kodwa ezabiwe kanye nezimali azinalo uhlobo lokulawula noma ukuphatha, okudala izikhala kubhajethi ngezinye izikhathi ezingakwazi ukufakwa.
Lokhu kudala ukuthi imiphakathi ngokwayo iqale ukucela amakhredithi nezinsiza ezengeziwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zayo. Ngale ndlela, izinkinga zezezimali ziqala kuhulumeni, okumele ukhiqize ezinye izindlela zezikweletu ukuze kugculiseke izicelo zomphakathi ngamunye.
Nakuba umphakathi ngamunye unezinqubo zokuqoqa njengentela yeholo lomuntu, i-VAT, phakathi kokunye, ukuhlelwa kwempahla nokuphatha akukwazanga ukuhlanganisa izinqubo zokuphatha nokuphatha ukuqoqwa ngendlela efanele.
Izibonelo ezithile
Imiphakathi ezimele iyakwazi ukukhuphula iphesenti lokuqoqwa ngesikhathi ifisa noma ngenxa yezidingo, ngalokho isebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngentela yeholo lomuntu. Le ntela ibavumela, isibonelo, ukuthi bafake isicelo ebhizinisini noma kumuntu wemvelo ukwenyuswa kwentela kuze kufike ku-24%, lapho u-12% uzoya kuhulumeni bese omunye u-12% uye emphakathini, nokho kube khona izimo lapho imiphakathi. bafuna intela efika ku-13%.
Eminye imiphakathi inyuke yafinyelela ku-50% yentela yomuntu siqu ukuze ithole imali engenayo ephezulu, kunjalo nje ngemiphakathi yaseCatalonia nase-Andalusia. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sidala ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi kukhanselwe imali engenayo ephezulu futhi kukhokhelwe izintela eziphakeme kuhulumeni kuneminye imiphakathi ezimele.
Ukuphawula kokugcina
Uhlelo lwezimali lwesifunda luyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokombono wezomnotho nezezimali. Ukuba khona kwezimali eziningi kanye nendlela yokubala okwenziwa ngayo, kuvumela ukunensa kokwabiwa okudalwe kuyo yonke inqubo, okuhunyushwa ekubambezelekeni kwezinkokhelo ezithile; lokhu kudala izinkinga zokuxazululwa kwezinkinga zendawo ezidinga izinsiza ezisheshayo.
Uma abaphathi beshiyelwa kuhulumeni, ukubambezeleka kokudluliswa kwemali kuba sobala, kudala ukuphazamiseka kanye nezinkinga ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinqubo. Ukuletha izinsiza ngemva kweminyaka emibili, ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kokwabiwa njengoba kusungulwe umthetho, kuthathwa njengokuphambuka, ngoba akuhlobene neqiniso; uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi futhi yingakho lufuna ukusebenzisa izinguquko ezinyangeni ezizayo.
