E-Olympus ungomunye wonkulunkulu abanobuqili kakhulu futhi abakhohlisayo, wakhonza njengesithunywa futhi yena njengommemezeli. Kuyamangaza ukuthi lo mlingiswa wayejabulela ukwenza imigilingwane, ukuthi ngobuhlakani bakhe kuphela nobuqili bakhe wakwazi ukunqoba izitha zakhe, lokhu unkulunkulu hermes. Ngakho sikumema ukuba ufunde okwengeziwe ngalo nkulunkulu wamaGreki onobuqili.
Amaphepha kankulunkulu uHermes
Unkulunkulu uHermesi wayeyisithunywa esinezinyawo ezinejubane, inxusa elithenjwayo labo bonke onkulunkulu, nomshayeli wethunzi laseHayidesi. Wengamele ukukhuliswa nokufundiswa kwentsha, futhi ekhuthaza imidlalo yokuvivinya umzimba nemidlalo yokusubatha, okwakuhlotshiswe ngayo zonke izindawo zokuvivinya umzimba nezikole ze-wrestling kulo lonke elaseGreece ngezithombe zakhe.
Kuthiwa wasungula izinhlamvu zamagama futhi wafundisa ubuciko bokuhumusha izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, futhi ukusebenzisa kwakhe izinto ezihlukahlukene, ubuhlakani nobuqili bakhe kwakungavamile kangangokuthi uZeus wayehlale ekhetha yena njengomsizi wakhe, lapho ehamba emhlabeni efihle njengomuntu ofayo. UHermes wayekhulekelwa njengonkulunkulu wobuciko bokukhuluma, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi esikhundleni sakhe njengenxusa, lo mkhakha wawubalulekile ukuze kuphumelele izingxoxo ayeziphathisiwe.
Wayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu okhulisa nokuchuma emihlambini futhi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abelusi babemkhulekela ngenhlonipho ekhethekile. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuhweba kwakwenziwa ngokuhwebelana ngezinkomo. Ngakho-ke, unkulunkulu uHermes, njengonkulunkulu wabelusi, wabe esebhekwa njengomvikeli wabathengisi futhi, njengoba ubuhlakani nobuhlakani kuyizimfanelo ezibalulekile kukho kokubili ukuthenga nokudayisa, wayebhekwa njengomvikeli wobuciko.
Eqinisweni, lo mbono wawugxilile ezingqondweni zabantu baseGreece, kangangokuthi kwakukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi ungunkulunkulu wamasela nowabo bonke abantu abaphila ngobuhlakani babo. Njengomsekeli wezohwebo, unkulunkulu uHermesi ngokwemvelo kwakufanele abe umgqugquzeli wobuhlobo bobulili phakathi kwezizwe; ngakho, empeleni ungunkulunkulu wabahambi ayengamele ukuphepha kwabo futhi wabajezisa kanzima labo abenqaba ukusiza isihambi esilahlekile noma esikhathele.
Wayephinde abe umqaphi wemigwaqo nezindlela, futhi izithombe zakhe eziqoshiwe ezazibizwa ngokuthi uHerma (okwakuyizinsika zamatshe ezizungezwe ikhanda likaHermesi), zazibekwe ezimpambanweni zemigwaqo futhi ngokuvamile emigwaqweni nasezigcawini zomphakathi. Njengoba ayengunkulunkulu wawo wonke amabhizinisi okwakunenzuzo kuwo, wayekhulekelwa njengomuphi wengcebo nezinhlanhla, futhi noma ikuphi ukuceba okungalindelekile kwakubangelwa ithonya lakhe. Uphinde wengamela umdlalo wamadayisi okuthiwa ufundiswe wu-Apollo.
I-Etymology
Igama lalo nkulunkulu wamaGreki lisuselwa egameni elithi "herma", igama lemvelaphi yesiGreki elisho "i-agglomerate yamatshe". Ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, unkulunkulu uHermes wayebizwa ngokuthi iMercury. Wathola nezinye iziqu ezinjengonkulunkulu wamaGreki wesayensi, imigwaqo, i-gymnastics, commerce, phakathi kwezinye.
ama-epithets
Unkulunkulu uHermes wanikwa ama-epithets amaningi eGrisi lasendulo abonisa izindima zakhe eziningi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulawa ma-epithets kukhonjiswe ngezansi:
- U-Acacesius - unkulunkulu ongakwazi ukulimala noma ongalimazi.
- I-Agoraios - ye-agora.
- Argiphon – Assassin of Argos, okhumbula isiphetho sokugcina sokuhlangana kwakhe nomdondoshiya onamehlo amaningi u-Argos Panoptes.
- I-Charidotes - umnikezeli wezintelezi.
- UCillenian- wazalelwa eNtabeni iCylene.
- I-Diaktoros - isithunywa.
- U-Dolios - umqambi.
- I-Diemporos - unkulunkulu wezohwebo.
- Ama-Enagonios - avela kuma-Olympic Games.
- U-Epimelius - umnakekeli wemihlambi.
- U-Eriounios - oletha inhlanhla.
- I-Logios - ibhekisela emandleni kankulunkulu uHermes njengesikhulumi, unkulunkulu wokukhuluma. Ubani, enkampanini ka-Athena, owayengumzimba wasezulwini wokukhuluma eGrisi lasendulo.
- Ama-Ploutodotes - umnikezeli wengcebo kanye nenhlanhla.
- UPolygius - okusho ukuthi "akwaziwa".
- I-Psychopompos - umthuthi wemiphefumulo.
inkolo yama-hermes
UHermes wayehlonishwa cishe yonke indawo emhlabeni wamaGreki, kodwa ikakhulukazi ePeloponnese, eNtabeni iCylene, nasezifundeni zamadolobha ezinjengeMegalopolis, iKorinte, ne-Argos. I-Athene yayinelinye lamahlelo amadala kankulunkulu, lapho umkhosi kaHermeas noma uHermaia wezingane ezincane wawuba khona minyaka yonke. IDelos, iTanagra, namaCyclades kwakungezinye izindawo lapho unkulunkulu uHermes ayethandwa kakhulu khona.
Ekugcineni, unkulunkulu wayenethempeli eliphawulekayo eKrethe eKato Simi, lapho izinsizwa esezokuba izakhamuzi ezigcwele zahlanganyela khona emkhubeni owathatha izinyanga ezimbili ezazichitha kuwo isikhathi sokuhlangana namadoda amadala ezintabeni eziseduze. Omunye umkhosi waseHermaia eKrethe wavumela izigqila ukuba zithathe indima yamakhosi azo okwesikhashana; futhi, ukuhlotshaniswa kukankulunkulu uHermesi nokweqa imingcele yazo zonke izinhlobo kubonakala lapha.
UHerma
Abahambi babembheka njengomvikeli wabo, futhi izinsika zamatshe ( herma ) ezinophawu lwe-phallus zazivame ukubonakala zibekwe eceleni kwezindlela zokwenza njengabaqondisi futhi zinikeze inhlanhla kulabo abadlulayo. AmaHermas ayebekwe ikakhulukazi emingceleni, ekhumbula indima kankulunkulu njengesithunywa phakathi konkulunkulu nesintu, kanye nomsebenzi wakhe njengomhlahlandlela wabafileyo ekuphileni okulandelayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uHermes wayebhekwa njengomphathi wendlu, futhi abantu babevame ukwakha itshe letshe lemabula elincane phambi kweminyango yabo ukuze bamhloniphe.
Amathempeli
Ngokwezinganekwane zamaGreki, inkosi yase-Arkadia uLikayoni nguyena owabeka izisekelo zethempeli lokuqala lapho kwakukhulekelwa khona unkulunkulu uHermesi, lapho asuka khona waya kwezinye izifunda namadolobha afana ne-Athene wase eya kulo lonke elaseGrisi. ephindaphinda inani lamathempeli esewonke, kanye nomfanekiso wakhe oshunyekwe ezifanekisweni.
Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezingcwele, futhi ezikhetha ukwenza inkolo, okungukuthi, amadolobha anjenge: Magna Graecia, Arcadia, Samos, Attica naseCrete, phakathi kwabanye. Izinkomba zeminikelo ehlukahlukene yeminikelo yesithembiso (iminikelo eyenziwa konkulunkulu basendulo), yatholakala emathempelini ayo ahlukene, esebenza njengobufakazi nengxabano ukukhombisa indima yayo njengomhlahlandlela wabantu abasha kanye nabantu abadala.
Labo ababevakashela lezi zindawo ezingcwele kwakungamaqhawe ikakhulukazi, abazingeli namasosha ngaphambi kokuba badlule ezivivinyweni zokuthwasa, ukuze bacele isiqondiso nesivikelo kulo nkulunkulu uHermes. Kuthiwa lokhu kungase kube isizathu esenza ukuba iningi lezithombe zakhe kuvezwe uNkulunkulu esemusha.
I-Pomacos etholakala eTanagra yaguqulwa yaba elinye lamathempeli kankulunkulu uHermes, lokhu kwakungaphansi kwesihlahla sama-strawberry esinamaqabunga (isithelo), lapho amasiko athile abonisa ukuthi unkulunkulu wadalwa. Emagqumeni aseFene babehlobe ngemithombo emithathu eyayithathwa njengengcwele ngoba babekholelwa ukuthi bagezwa khona lapho bezalwa.
izipho
Ngokwesiko lamaGreki asendulo, imihlatshelo eya kunkulunkulu uHermesi yayihlanganisa ngokuyinhloko ukumnika njengezipho: impepho, uju, amaqebelengwane, izingulube, ikakhulukazi amawundlu nezinyane lembuzi. Njengonkulunkulu wobugagu, izilimi zezilwane ezihlatshiwe zanikelwa kuye njengomnikelo.
Imikhosi
Ukuze kuhlonishwe unkulunkulu uHermes, wawugujwa emihlanganweni eyaziwa ngokuthi uHermaea, okwakuwumkhosi wesikhumbuzo okhethekile lapho kwenziwa khona imihlatshelo, kanye nemidlalo yokuzivocavoca neyokusubatha. Le mikhosi kuthiwa isukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC
Nokho, akukho okurekhodiwe kwalomkhosi kuze kube sekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC. Le mikhosi kuthiwa iseduze kakhulu nokuqalwa phakathi kwayo yonke imikhosi ehlanganisa ukwenziwa kwemidlalo yamaGreki. Izizathu ezingenzeka ukuthi mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yokuthi ukuhlanganyela kwezingane ezincane nabanye abantu abadala kwakulinganiselwe ngokwezimo zabo zomzimba.
I-Iconography
Izethulo zikankulunkulu ziye zahlukahluka ezikhathini ezahlukene zokuphila kwakhe, kanye nasekwenzeni imisebenzi yakhe eyahlukene. Emdwebeni wasendulo uvezwa njengendoda enamandla enentshebe. Kanjalo, utholakala ezitsheni zesiGreki, egqoke ingubo yesihambi (chamlys) futhi egqoke ikepisi lomhambi (petasos) namabhuzu esikhumba anamaphiko (pteroeis pedila), futhi ephethe udondolo (kerykeion, Latin:) ezandleni zakhe. ).
Ngezinye izikhathi ugqoka izimbadada ezinamaphiko noma isigqoko esinamaphiko. Kamuva wenziwa samuntu njengensizwa engenantshebe, enamandla futhi ebhekile ehlakaniphile futhi enomusa. Okudumile isithombe sikaPraxiteles, esibonisa unkulunkulu uHermes enengane uDionysus (ikhulu lesi-XNUMX BC) kanye noHermes bephumule, isithombe sethusi esivela eHerculaneum, lapho unkulunkulu ephumule edwaleni enqunu enamaphiko kuphela ezingalweni zakhe.
Njengoba i-psychopomp ivela kuma-cenotaphs amaningi, phakathi kwawo okuyisihluthulelo esidumile e-Villa Albani eRoma esibonisa ukuhlukaniswa kuka-Orpheus no-Eurydice, lapha unkulunkulu uHermes ugqoke izingubo zokuhamba nesigqoko sakhe silenga entanyeni yakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi uvezwa njengomalusi ophethe inqama, noma njengonkulunkulu wezohwebo ophethe isikhwama semali, isibonelo uHermes eCapitol.
Ukuzalwa, ubuntwana nobusha
UHermes wayeyinzalo kaZeyusi noMaya, owokuqala nomuhle kunabo bonke ku-7 Pleiades inzalo ye-Titan Atlas, futhi ukuzalwa kwakhe kwenzeka emhumeni eNtabeni yaseCilene e-Arcadia. Esewusana nje, wabonisa ikhono elingavamile lobuqili nokuzenzisa; empeleni wayeyisela embelekweni, kusukela emahoreni ambalwa ezelwe ngokwendaba simthola enyonyoba ephuma emhumeni azalelwa kuwo, ezontshontsha izinkabi kumfowabo u-Apollo owayelusela imihlambi yezinkomo. I-Admetus.
Kodwa wayengakaqhubekeli kude ohambweni lwakhe lapho ethola ufudu alubulala futhi welula izintambo eziyisikhombisa phezu kwegobolondo elingenalutho wasungula ihabhu, lapho aqala khona ukudlala ngobuchule obumangalisayo. Lapho esejabule ngokwanele ngaleli thuluzi, walibeka embelekweni yakhe wabe eseqhubeka nohambo lwakhe oluya ePiria lapho izinkomo zika-Admetus zaziklabile khona.
UHermes weba ingxenye yomhlambi ka-Apollo
Wathi efika lapho ayeya khona ekushoneni kwelanga, wakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinkabi ezingamashumi amahlanu emhlambini womfowabo, okwase zimholela phambi kwakhe, ethatha izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuvala izinyawo zazo ngezimbadada ezenziwe ngamagatsha ama-myrtle, ukuze zingabonwa.
Kodwa isikhohlakali esincane asizange sibonakale, ngoba isigebengu sasibonwe umalusi omdala ogama lakhe linguBato, owayelusa imihlambi kaNeleo inkosi yasePylos (uyise kaNestor). UHermes, esaba ukutholakala, wamfumbathisa inkomo engcono kakhulu emhlambini ukuze angamkhapheli, futhi uBato wathembisa ukugcina imfihlo. Kodwa unkulunkulu uHermes, enobuqili kanye nokungathembeki, wanquma ukuhlola ubuqotho bomelusi ngokwenza sengathi uyahamba ethatha isimo sika-Admetus, wabe esebuyela endaweni anikela ngayo ikhehla ezimbili zezinkabi zakhe ezinhle kakhulu uma embule umbhali wencwadi. ubusela.
Leli qhinga laphumelela, ngoba umalusi ohahayo engakwazi ukumelana nesilingo esiyengayo wanikeza ukwaziswa ayekufuna uHermes esebenzisa amandla akhe aphezulu okwamguqula waba ucezu lokuhlola njengesijeziso sokukhaphela nobugovu bakhe.
U-Apollo uthola uHermes
Unkulunkulu uHermes manje wahlaba izinkabi ezimbili azihlabela yena nabanye onkulunkulu, ezinye wazifihla endaweni eyihlathi. Wabe esecisha umlilo ngokucophelela, futhi ngemva kokuphonsa izicathulo zakhe zegatsha emfuleni i-Alphaeus, wabuyela eCylene. Ngemva kwalokho, u-Apollo ngamandla akhe okubona konke ngokushesha uthola ukuthi ubani owayemntshontshile futhi unquma ukugijimela eCylene, lapho efuna khona ukubuyiselwa kwempahla yakhe.
Ekhononda kuMaya ngokuziphatha kwendodana yakhe wakhomba usana olungenacala olwalulele ngokusobala embhedeni walo, okwathi lapho u-Apollo ethukuthele wavusa lo muntu owayezenzisa futhi wamsola ngokweba; kodwa umfana wakuphika lokho, wenza ngobuhlakani indima yakhe waze wabuza ngendlela enganakile ukuthi izinkomo ziyini.
UHerme usolwa phambi kukaZeus ngu-Apollo
U-Apollo wasabisa ngokumphonsa eThatharasi uma engalivumi iqiniso, kodwa kwaba nhlanga zimuka nomoya. Ekugcineni, wathatha umntwana wamgona wamletha phambi kukayise ohloniphekile owayehlezi endlini yomkhandlu wezithixo. UZeus walalela icala lika-Apollo wabe esebuza uHermes kabuhlungu ukuthi asho ukuthi uzifihlephi izinkomo.
Umfana, esagoqwe izingubo ezisongwe, ngesibindi wabheka phezulu ebusweni bukayise wathi, “Manje, ngingakwazi yini ukuxosha umhlambi wezinkomo? Mina, owazalwa izolo futhi izinyawo zakhe zinkulu kakhulu. Ithambile futhi iyathandeka ukunyathela ezindaweni ezimbi? Kuze kube yimanje, ngilele kamnandi esifubeni sikamama futhi angikaze ngiwele umbundu wendawo yethu yokuhlala. Uyazi kahle ukuthi anginacala, kodwa uma uthanda, ngizokuqinisekisa ngezifungo ezinkulu kakhulu."
Njengoba umfana emi phambi kwakhe ebuka umfanekiso wobumsulwa, uZeus akakwazanga ukumomotheka ngobuhlakani bakhe nobuqili bakhe, kodwa, eqaphela ngokuphelele icala lakhe, wamyala ukuba ahole u-Apollo emhumeni lapho ayefihle khona umhlambi. Unkulunkulu uHermes, ebona ukuthi ubuqili obengeziwe abuyize, walalela ngaphandle kokungabaza. Kodwa lapho umalusi waphezulu esezoqhuba izinkomo zakhe azibuyisele ePiria, uHermes, njengokungathi ngenhlanhla, wathinta izintambo zehabhu lakhe.
U-Apollo noHermes baba abangane abakhulu
Kuze kube yileso sikhathi u-Apollo wayengazwanga lutho ngaphandle komculo wehabhu lakhe elinezintambo ezintathu nesirinji, noma umtshingo wePan, futhi njengoba elalele ejabulile ejabulela izinhlobo ezijabulisayo zale nsimbi entsha ukulangazelela kwakhe ukuba nayo kwaba kukhulu kangangokuthi wajabula ngokuthi. enikela ngezinkomo ngokubuyisela futhi ethembisa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukunikeza uHermesi amandla okubusa okuphelele phezu kwezimvu nemihlambi yezinkomo, naphezu kwamahhashi nazo zonke izilwane zasendle zasehlathini nasemahlathini.
Lesi sicelo samukelwa futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukubuyisana phakathi kwabazalwane kwenzeka, yile ndlela unkulunkulu uHermes kusukela manje aguqulwa ngayo waba unkulunkulu wabelusi, kuyilapho u-Apollo ezinikele ngentshiseko kwezobuciko bomculo. Khona-ke baqhubekela phambili e-Olympus, lapho u-Apollo ethula khona uHermes njengomngane wakhe okhethiwe nomngane wakhe, futhi bamfungisa nge-Styx, ukuthi akasoze antshontsha ihabhu lakhe noma umnsalo wakhe, noma ahlasele indlu yakhe engcwele eDelphi, amnikeze iCaduceus noma induku yegolide.
Le wand yafakwa umqhele ngamaphiko futhi lapho eyethula kuHermes, u-Apollo wamazisa ukuthi inamandla okuhlanganisa othandweni zonke izidalwa ezihlukaniswe inzondo. Efuna ukuhlola ubuqiniso balokhu okushiwo, unkulunkulu uHermes wamjikijela phakathi kwezinyoka ezimbili ezilwayo okwathi ngemva kwalokho amasosha agona wodwa agona ngothando futhi ezungeza udondolo, ahlala enamathele kulo unomphela.
UHermes uqokwe uHerald nomshayeli wethunzi
Induku ngokwayo yayimelela amandla, ukuhlakanipha kwezinyoka, kanye nesikhundla samaphiko, zonke izimfanelo zenxusa elithenjwayo. Unkulunkulu osemncane manje wayeselethwe nguyise isigqoko sesiliva esinamaphiko (Petasus), futhi futhi enezimpiko zesiliva ezinyaweni zakhe (Talaria), futhi ngokushesha wamiswa ukuba abe ummemezeli wonkulunkulu nombheki wezithunzi zeHayidesi, isikhundla okwathi kuze kube manje. lase ligcwaliswe ngakho.
Njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu, simthola eqashwe ngazo zonke izikhathi ezidinga ikhono elikhethekile, ubuhlakani, noma isivinini. Ngakho uhola u-Hera, u-Athena no-Aphrodite eParis, uhola u-Priam ku-Achilles ukuze afune umzimba kaHector, ubophe u-Prometheus eNtabeni yaseCaucasus, uvikela i-Ixion esondweni eliphendukayo laphakade, ubhubhisa u-Argos, umqaphi wamehlo ayikhulu Io, phakathi kwabanye.
Njengomshayeli wethunzi, uHermes wayehlala ecelwa abafayo ukuthi abanikeze indlela ephephile nesheshayo yokuwela iStyx. Futhi wayenamandla okubuyisela imimoya efile ezweni eliphezulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela wayengumlamuleli phakathi kwabaphilayo nabafileyo.
Omakoti kanye nenzalo
Naphezu kokulinganiselwe kwakhe endaweni yenganekwane eyayisekhona, unkulunkulu uHermesi kuthiwa wazala izingane eziningi, kokubili ngobuhlobo bukaNkulunkulu nobuntu. Ezinye zalezi nzalo zihlanganisa:
- UHermaphrodite, indodana engafi kaHermes ngo-Aphrodite owaba i-hermaphrodite lapho onkulunkulu benikeza ngokoqobo isifiso sika-nymph Salmacis sokuthi bangahlukani.
- UPriapus, enye indodana yenyunyana phakathi kukaHermesi no-Aphrodite, owayengunkulunkulu wenzalo wesitho sowesifazane.
- UTyche, unkulunkulukazi wenhlanhla, ngezinye izikhathi kwakuthiwe uyindodakazi kaHermesi no-Aphrodite.
- U-Abdero indodana encane kankulunkulu uHermesi owagwinywa amaMares aseDiomedes.
- U-Autolycus, isikhulu samasela, wayeyindodana kaHermesi futhi uQuíone wayeyindodakazi kaDaedalion; futhi kamuva umkhulu ka-Ulysses.
- U-Pan, unkulunkulu we-satyr "wamadlelo nokuzala", indodana kankulunkulu uHermes ngoDryope noma uPenelope.
Amabheji nezimfanelo zikankulunkulu uHermes
Phakathi kwezimpawu nezimfanelo zikankulunkulu uHermes ngokuyinhloko singathola insignia yakhe edumile njenge-Herald rod, izitshalo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nezilwane ezingcwele ezihlukahlukene ezibopha unkulunkulu nomsizi wakhe wonkulunkulu. Ikakhulukazi lezi yizi:
- Ophaca: Zazizinhle futhi zegolide zathwala unkulunkulu zidabula izwe nolwandle ngesivinini somoya; kodwa uHomer akacacisi ukuthi lezi zanikezwa amaphiko. Ubuciko bePlastiki, ngakolunye uhlangothi, babudinga uphawu oluthile lwangaphandle ukuveza le mfanelo yezimbadada zikankulunkulu, ngakho-ke wenza amaphiko emaqakaleni akhe abizwa ngawo ngokuthi i- ptenopedilos noma ama-alipes.
- isigqoko esinamaphiko: UHermes wasebenzisa isigqoko somhambi esinomphetho obanzi noma esinamaphiko. Eyokuqala yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Cap of Aidoneus (Ongabonwayo) ngoba yayinikeza oyigqokile amandla okungabonakali.
- Induku kaHerald: Unkulunkulu wayehlale ephethe i-"kerykeion" yegolide noma udondolo luka-herald njengophawu endimeni yakhe njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu, nayo eyayisetshenziselwa ukulala. Ezikhathini zakamuva, yayihlotshiswe ngamaphiko amabili, iveza indlela isithunywa sonkulunkulu esasihamba ngokushesha sisuka kwenye indawo siya kwenye.
- amaribhoni amhlophe: laba yibo abaqale bazungeza udondolo lommemezeli, baguqulwa abadwebi abalandelayo baba yizinyoka ezimbili, ngokusho kwezindaba, nakuba abadala ngokwabo bazichaza, noma ngokuzilandelela kwezinye zezenzo zikankulunkulu, noma bazibheka njengezifanekiselo. izethulo zobuhlakani, impilo yonke. , impilo nokunye.
- UHermes Blade: UHermes wayehlale ephethe insimbi yegolide noma ye-adamantine.
- amapayipi umalusi: unkulunkulu uHermes wadala imibhobho yomalusi ayeshintshanisa no-Apollo, unkulunkulu womculo, ukuze athole amalungelo athile. Nokho, unkulunkulu waqhubeka edlala leli thuluzi elingcolile.
- IGanado: Lonkulunkulu wathola umhlambi wezinkomo zaphezulu ku-Apollo, ayezelusa emadlelweni angcwele eNtabeni i-Olympus.
- Umvundla: lesi silwane esincane sasingcwele kuHermes ngenxa yokwanda kwaso. Ngakho-ke, wabeka isilwane phakathi kwezinkanyezi njengomlaza weLepus.
- IHalcón: Lena kwakuyinyoni engcwele kunkulunkulu uHermes, njengoba esebenzisa amandla akhe washintsha abantu ababili, uHierax noDaidalon, aba yilolu hlobo lwenyoni.
- Tortuga: Ingcwele ngokulinganayo kuHermes, njengoba lo nkulunkulu washintsha isimo somzimba senyoni yaseQuelona ngokuyiguqula ibe ufudu futhi wadala ihabhu lokuqala eline-carapace yalesi silwane.
- Imbali yecrocus: lolu hlobo lwembali eyayivunwa ezintabeni, lwahlukaniselwa unkulunkulu uHermesi; Kwakunenkolelo yokuthi unkulunkulu wenza lesi sitshalo sikhule egazini likaCrocus wakhe othandekayo.
- isihlahla sama-strawberry: isihlahla sama-strawberry sasibhekwa njengesingcwele kuHermes, ngoba kuthiwa unkulunkulu ngesikhathi sakhe sobuntwana wayenceliswe ngaphansi kwamagatsha esihlahla esinjalo.
- ama-oreiades: lezi kwakuyizinyosi zezintaba, ezazibhekwa njengabasizi bakaHermesi ezindaweni zasendle zase-Arkadia.
- isinkwa nezinkwa: UPan wayengomunye wamadodana kankulunkulu uHermesi, naye owayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu wemihlambi yezimbuzi; ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakukhona amaPhane, isizwe esisimo saso somzimba sasiyimilenze yezimbuzi ngomuntu ngamunye, laba kanye nabokuqala babengabalandeli nabasizi bakankulunkulu uHermesi ezintabeni zase-Arkadiya.
- ama-satyrs: Lena kwakuyimimoya yokuzala yasehlathini, eyayivame ukuhlotshaniswa noHermesi.
- I-Oneiroi: babeyimimoya yabasizi bamaphupho kaHermes Khthonios (wangaphansi komhlaba), owabahola besuka embusweni wakhe ongaphansi komhlaba baya ezingqondweni zamadoda alele.
ezinganekwaneni
Unkulunkulu uHermes uvela ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene zezinganekwane zamaGreki, ukuvela kwakhe okuvelele kakhulu yilezi ezibalulwe ngezansi:
I-Iliad
Izibalo zikaHermes eMpini YeThrojani ezishiwo nguHomer ku-Iliad. Nakuba kwelinye isiqephu eside esebenza njengomeluleki nomqondisi wenkosi yaseThrojani uPriam emzamweni wakhe wokubuyisela isidumbu sendodana yakhe ewile uHector, uHermes empeleni usekela ama-Achaeans e-Trojan War. UHomer uvame ukuchaza unkulunkulu ngokuthi "uHermes umhlahlandlela, umbulali ka-Argos" kanye "noHermes uhlobo."
I-odyssey
Ku-Odyssey, uHermes wethula imilayezo emibili ehlukene phakathi nohambo luka-Odysseus lokumyisa ekhaya ephephile. Umlayezo wokuqala usuka kuHermes uya e-Odysseus, lapho unkulunkulu uHermes etshela u-Odysseus ukuthi angazivikela ekhonweni likaCirce lokumenza isilwane ngokuhlafuna isitshalo somlingo. U-Odysseus ulandela iseluleko sikaHermes futhi akabi yisisulu sokuphendulwa isilwane nguCirce.
Umlayezo wesibili kaHermes phakathi nohambo luka-Odysseus oluya ekhaya uwumlayezo oya kuCalypso. UHermes utshela uCalypso ukuthi uZeus umyale ukuba akhulule u-Odysseus esiqhingini sakhe ukuze aqhubeke nohambo lwakhe oluya ekhaya.
I-Argus Panoptes
U-Hera wacishe wathola umyeni wakhe uZeus ku-flaggante delicto ene-nymph Io, kodwa uZeus wayeseguqule u-Io waba ithokazi elihle elimhlophe. Nokho, uHera akazange akhohliswe futhi wacela ithokazi njengesipho, futhi ngokuqinisekile uZeus wayengenakukwazi ukwenqaba. U-Hera wabe eseqoka u-Argos Panoptes njengomalusi wethokazi, evimbela uZeus ekuvakasheleni inyosi noma ukuyiguqula imhlane ibe yifomu le-nymph. Ngakho, u-Io wayeboshelwe esihlahleni somnqumo ehlathini elingcwele ngumdondoshiya.
Umsebenzi kaHera we-Argos Panoptes yiwona owawuzoletha ukufa kumdondoshiya obona konke, njengoba ukuhlupheka kuka-Io ekugcineni kwaphoqa uZeus ukuthi ahlenge isithandwa sakhe. UZeyusi wabela indodana yakhe eyintandokazi engafi, unkulunkulu uHermesi, ukuba isindise futhi ilulame u-Io. Nakuba ayehlakaniphile, enobuqili nesela, uHermes wayengenakumane antshontshe ithokazi, ngoba u-Argos Panoptes wayenekhono lokubona konke okwenzeka eduze kwakhe. Khona-ke, unkulunkulu uHermes wazenza umalusi futhi wahamba wayohlala eduze nomdondoshiya emthunzini.
UHermes cishe ngokushesha waqala ukutshela izinganekwane ezihlukahlukene mayelana nonkulunkulu base-Olympus, ngenkathi edlala umculo ophumuzayo emitshingo yakhe yomhlanga. Usuku lwaqhubeka, futhi umculo opholile wenza iso elilodwa emva kwelinye wavaleka njengoba ubuthongo buthatha i-Argos Panoptes ehlale iphapheme. Ekugcineni, wonke amehlo ka-Argos avaleka ngaphambi kokuba ashaywe uHermes, noma abulale umdondoshiya ngetshe noma amnqume ikhanda.
Isithandwa sikaZeus u-Io manje sase sikhululekile, kodwa usizi lwakhe lwalungakapheli ngoba uHermes akakwazanga ukuguqula u-Io abuyele esimweni sakhe senyongo, ngakho u-Io wazulazula emhlabeni njengethokazi waze ekugcineni wathola indawo engcwele eGibhithe. Ngemva kokushona kwesinye sezinceku zakhe azikhonzile, uHera wathatha amehlo ongasekho u-Argos Panoptes wawabeka ezimpapheni zenyoni yakhe engcwele, ipigogo.
Perseus
Lapho uPolydectes eyala uPerseus ukuthi abuyise ikhanda likaMedusa, uHermes wanika uPerseus izimbadada zakhe ezinamaphiko. Lezi zimbadada ezinamaphiko zasiza uPerseus ukuba aphunyuke emhumeni kaMedusa lapho emnquma ikhanda. Lokhu kwagcina uPerseus ephila, njengoba kwavimbela odadewabo bakaMedusa ukuba bafinyelele uPerseus futhi bambulale.
I-Prometeo
Enganekwaneni ka-Prometheus, unkulunkulu uHermes ubonakala, lapho uZeus emnikeza umsebenzi wokukholisa u-Prometheus ukuba adlulisele ngokuqinile isiprofetho mayelana nokuphela kwegunya likaZeus. Uyazi ukuthi nguye yedwa ongamchazela, kodwa wenqaba futhi ubonisa uHermes ukuthi ukhetha ukungajabuli kunokuba inceku kaZeus njengaye.
UHermes umtshela ukuthi uma enqaba ukusho lesi siprofetho, uZeyusi uzovusa isiphepho esizobangela ukuba isiqongo sentaba angaphansi kwakhe siwele phezu kwakhe bese kufika inqe nsuku zonke izodla isibindi sakhe, u-Prometheus. umtshele ukuthi akazimisele ngokuvuma futhi useyazi yonke into amtshela yona.
I-Herse, i-Aglaurus ne-Pandrosus
Kuthiwa ngolunye usuku uHermes wayendiza phezu kwe-Athene, lapho, ebheka ngasedolobheni, wabona izintombi ezimbalwa zibuya ngodwendwe olunesizotha zivela ethempelini lasePallas-Athena. Owayebaluleke kakhulu kubo kwakunguHerse, indodakazi enhle yeNkosi uCecrops, futhi unkulunkulu uHermes wahlatshwa umxhwele ubuhle bakhe obedlulele kangangokuthi wanquma ukufuna isingeniso naye. Ngenxa yalokho, wabonakala esigodlweni sasebukhosini futhi wancenga udadewabo u-Agraulo ukuba athande isudi yakhe; kodwa, enomoya wonya, wenqaba ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kokukhokha isamba esikhulu semali.
Akuzange kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuthi isithunywa sezithixo sithole izindlela zokufeza lesi simo, futhi ngokushesha sabuya nesikhwama esigcwele kahle. Kodwa phakathi naleso sikhathi u-Athena, ukuze ajezise ukuhaha kuka-Agraulo, kwakubangele idemoni lomona ukuba limbamba, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi wayengakwazi ukucabanga ngenjabulo kadadewabo, ngakho wahlala phambi komnyango futhi wenqaba ngokuqinile ukuvumela uHermes ukuba angene.
Owazama konke ukuncenga nokuthopha angakwazi ukufinyelela kuye, kodwa wayenenkani. Ekugcineni, isineke sakhe sesiphelile, wamguqula waba yinqwaba yetshe elimnyama futhi wasusa isithiyo esifisweni sakhe, waphumelela ukuncenga uHerse ukuba abe umkakhe.
Ezinye izindaba
Izimbongi zixoxa izindaba eziningi ezihlekisayo zamaqhinga entsha lo nkulunkulu othanda ububi awawenza kwabanye abangafi. Phakathi kwabo:
- Waba nesibindi sokususa ikhanda likaMedusa esihlanguni sika-Athena, alibeka ngokudlala emhlane kaHephaestus.
- Uphinde weba ibhande lika-Aphrodite.
- Waphuca u-Arthemisi imicibisholo yakhe kanye no-Ares emkhonto wakhe.
Lezi zenzo zazihlale zenziwe ngekhono elihle kangaka, kuhlangene namahlaya amahle kangaka, kangangokuthi ngisho nonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi ayebacasula ngaleyo ndlela babezimisele ukumthethelela, futhi waba intandokazi kubo bonke.
Ezinye izindaba ezithakazelisayo ngokulinganayo lapho unkulunkulu uHermes wayekhona, maqondana nabantu abafayo noma ama-demigods, kubikwa ukuthi:
- Wake wazenza umhwebi wezigqila futhi wathengisa iqhawe elinguHeracles, noma uHercules, endlovukazini yaseLydia.
- Uphinde wasiza uHeracles ukubamba inja enamakhanda amathathu iCerberus yase-Underworld.
- Wayevame ukuba nomsebenzi wokuhlenga nokunakekela izingane ezinjengoDionysus, u-Arcas, noHelen waseTroy.
- Wazenza isihambi ukuze ahlole indawo yokukhosela abantu abafayo.
- Omunye wemisebenzi yakhe kwakuwukufuna i-Persephone kankulunkulu iHayidesi endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.
ama-hermes kwezobuciko
Emdwebeni we-classical kanye ne-archaic yaseGrisi lasendulo, uHermes uboniswa njengensizwa engenantshebe, enesifuba esibanzi nezitho ezinhle kodwa ezinemisipha; ubuso buhle futhi bukhaliphile, futhi ukumamatheka okuthandekayo kobubele bemvelo kudlala ezindebeni ezikhandwe kahle.
Njengesithunywa sonkulunkulu, uphatha iPetasus neTalaria, futhi uphethe esandleni sakhe iCaduceus noma udondolo lommemezeli. Njengonkulunkulu wobugagu, uvame ukuvezwa amaketango egolide alenga ezindebeni zakhe, kuyilapho njengomphathi wabathengisi, ephatha isikhwama sakhe; ngaphezu kwalokho emifanekisweni yakhe ngezinye izikhathi wayephelezelwa nehabhu.
Angase futhi aphathe inqama ngokunqekuzisa indima yakhe njengomphathi wabelusi, ikakhulukazi kwezobuciko be-Boeotian kanye ne-Arcadian. Ebudlelwaneni bakhe nentsha, unkulunkulu wayevame ukuvezwa ephethe usana u-Hercules noma u-Achilles. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ubudlelwano bakhe nezohwebo bufakazelwa ezimpawu zeDelos lapho ephatha khona isikhwama.
Mhlawumbe umfanekiso odume kakhulu kaHermes ngobuciko besiGreki isithombe esihle sikaPraxiteles (c. 330 BC) esake saba ethempelini likaHera e-Olympia futhi manje esihlala kumnyuziyamu wemivubukulo yale ndawo. Lesi sithombe semabula sikankulunkulu uHermesi nengane uDionysus sibonisa insizwa ebukekayo ebheke ngomusa nothando engalweni yayo, kodwa ngeshwa akukho okusele kumntwana ngaphandle kwesandla sokudla esibekwe kuso ngothando. umvikeli.
Hermes ngesiko lesimanje
Nakuba uHermes wayengeyena odume kakhulu konkulunkulu ngenxa yegama lakhe elibi, yena kanye nezingoma zakhe ezidumile bavame ukubonakala esikweni elidumile. Unkulunkulu uHermes uvele emifanekisweni eminingi yesimanje yezinganekwane zamaGreki, njengokuthi:
- Ku-Disney's Hercules (1997), uHermes uvezwe njengesithunywa sesiGreki esibukwayo esigwema ukungqubuzana.
- Isimilo sakhe sivezwe ngumholi weqembu likaDavid Letterman uPaul Schaffer.
- Enguqulweni yefilimu yenoveli kaRick Riordan ethi Percy Jackson kanye noLwandle Lwezilo, uNathan Fillion wadlala unkulunkulu uHermes. Ku-movie, wethulwa futhi njenge-courier (ukuze acacise kabanzi, njengesikhulu senkampani yokulethwa kwamaphakheji), owayexakile futhi engalindelekile, nakuba ekugcineni enenhloso enhle.
Izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zikankulunkulu uHermes zazivame ukusetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezimfanelweni nasemakhonweni akhe. Izimpaphe zakhe zethempeli ezinamaphiko ziye zafana nejubane nokwethembeka; Zivame ukufakwa ezikhangisweni namalogo ahlukahlukene, njenge:
- UGoodyear usebenzise lolu phawu ukuze adayise amathayi alo avusa amathemba ejubane nokuthembeka.
- Unkulunkulu uHermes uye wasetshenziswa njengophawu lwezinsiza eziningi zemeyili kazwelonke.
Mhlawumbe edume kunazo zonke, izisebenzi zikaHermes, i-kerikeion noma i-caduceus, induku enamaphiko enezinyoka ezisongelwe nxazonke, yayisetshenziswa njengophawu oluvamile lwezokwelapha futhi yasebenza njengophawu oluyinhloko lwe-American Medical Association. Uphawu olunjalo lwalungesinye isibonakaliso sikaHermesi, owamkhulula ekuguleni wamyisa empilweni.
I-Mercury neHermes
I-Mercury yayingunkulunkulu wamaRoma wezohwebo nenzuzo. Sithola kukhulunywa ngethempeli elakhelwa yena eduze kwe-Circus Maximus kusukela ngo-AC 495; futhi wayenethempeli futhi nomthombo ongcwele eduze kwasePorta Capena. Amandla omlingo kuthiwa abangelwa yilaba bamuva, futhi emkhosini weMercury, owawugujwa ngoMeyi 25, kwakuyisiko ukuba abathengisi bazifafaze bona nempahla yabo ngala manzi angcwele, ukuze bathole inzuzo enkulu ezintweni zabo ezithengiswayo.
Imikhosi (abapristi baseRoma umsebenzi wabo kwakuwukuba ababheki benkolo yomphakathi) benqaba ukuqaphela ukuthi uMercury ungubani noHermes, futhi yayala ukuba aboniswe negatsha elingcwele njengophawu lokuthula, esikhundleni seCaduceus. Nokho, kamuva wahlotshaniswa ngokugcwele nonkulunkulu wamaGreki uHermesi.
Uma usithole sithakazelisa lesi sihloko ngoNkulunkulu uHermes, sikumema ukuba ujabulele lezi ezinye: