Uma ufuna ukwazi isici esithile esibalulekile Paracas Culture Medicine, hamba kulokhu okuthunyelwe okuthakazelisayo. AbakwaParacas bahlinza ngendlela engafanele, kodwa bayaziwa nangezinye izinto ezifanele, lapha uzothola ngakho. Ungaphuthelwa!
Umuthi wesiko leParacas
Lesi sizwe sasiyisiko elibalulekile lasePeru yasendulo, kusukela esikhathini esibizwa ngokuthi i-Upper Formative noma i-Early Horizon, eyavela enhlonhlweni yaseParacas, esifundazweni sasePisco, esifundeni sase-Ica, phakathi kuka-700 BC. C. kanye 200 AD
Iyingxenye yesiko le-Chavín lamanje elavela enyakatho yePeru. Ngenxa yophenyo lomcwaningi uJulio Tello, wayibiza ngokuthi "Paracas-Necropolis." Imvelaphi yesinye isiko, esihlonzwe njengesiko laseTopará, isikhungo saso sasisenyakatho, eSigodini saseChincha.
AbakwaParacas babenza izindwangu zekhwalithi ephezulu, uvolo nokotini, kanye nezitsha zobumba ezihlotshisiwe kanye nobhasikidi abawubukhazikhazi. Baphinde benza i-cranial drilling, imigomo yakhona kusaphikiswana ngayo.
Isiko leParacas lingukhokho wesiko lamaNazca elinobudlelwane obucacile bamasiko; empeleni, ezifundweni eziningi, isigaba sokugcina seParacas empeleni siwukuqala kwesiko lamaNazca.
Indawo yendawo
I-Paracas yathuthuka ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemifula i-Ica ne-Pisco kanye naseNhlonhlweni yaseParacas (isifunda sase-Ica). Phakathi nenkathi enkulu yokwanda, yasakazekela enyakatho eChincha naseningizimu eYauca esifundeni sase-Arequipa.
Kwabaningi, indawo ebaluleke kakhulu yeParacas ingaba seTajahuana, e-Ica Valley, emkhakheni we-Ocucaje. Kwakuyidolobha elinezivikelo eziqinile elakhiwe phezu kwewa elalivikeleke kalula.
I-Etymology
I-Paracas igama lesiQuechua elisho imvula yesihlabathi (nge, imvula kanye nokuzwakala, isihlabathi) futhi ibhekisela kumthelela obangelwa iziphepho ezinamandla ezivame ukuhlasela indawo, kanye nesihlabathi nebhere i-guano evela eziqhingini eziseduze. futhi umboze ubuso ngayo njengongqimba olumhlophe.
Lesi simo somkhathi sanikeza i-Paracas Peninsula futhi, ngomqondo obanzi, isiko langaphambi kwe-Inca elitholwe kule ndawo futhi ngenxa yalokho linegama laso.
Imali yokuthengisa ye Paracas
- I-Chincha: Iwayini, i-Lurin, i-Chincha.
- I-Pisco: Cerro Colorado, Disco Verde, Cabeza Larga, Chongos, Tambo Colorado.
- I-Ica: Tecojate, Huamaní, Ocucaje, Callango (Animas Altas no-Ánimas Bajas), Chiqueritos, Ullujaya, Tomaluz.
- Zizwe: Mollaque, Chichictara.
- Nazca: Soysongo, Atarco, Trancas, Cahuachi.
Ukutholwa
Isiko leParacas latholwa ngoJulayi 1925 nguTello ogwini lweBay of Paracas naseningizimu yePisco. Ngo-Agasti walowo nyaka u-Tello wasungula isizinda socwaningo esizeni ngosizo lomfundi wakhe u-Toribio Mejía Xesspe.
UTello uthole amathuna okuqala eParacas emagqumeni abomvu e-porphyry eCerro Colorado. Wathola amathuna angu-39 awakheke kahle, awabiza ngokuthi “imihume,” futhi ayenamathuna asongwe ngezingqimba ezincane futhi ezungezwe izitsha zobumba, amathuluzi okuzingela, izikhumba zezilwane nokudla.
Ngo-1927 uTello noMejía Xesspe bathola elinye ithuna eWari Kayan, eliseduze kakhulu neCerro Colorado, abalibiza ngokuthi iParacas Necropolis. Lapho, wathola izidumbu ezingu-429 ezacwiliswa izidumbu, ngasinye zisongwe ngezingqimba ezihlukene, ezinye zazo zizinhle kakhulu. . Yizindawo zokukhosela ezidumile zaseParacas ezilondolozwe namuhla ku-MNAAHP.3
Ngaphezu kwalawa mathuna amabili, u-Tello wakhomba owesithathu enhlonhlweni yeParacas, ayibiza ngokuthi i-Arena Blanca noma i-Cabeza Larga, isizathu sokubekwa kwalelo gama kungenxa yokuba khona kwezingebhezi ezinde nezikhubazekile. Lapho akatholanga amathuna aphangiwe kuphela, kodwa nezinsalela zezindlu ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Hlukanisa ngokusho kukaTello
Ngokusekelwe kulokho akutholile, ukuthi amaParacas angcwaba kanjani abafileyo bawo futhi athi lesi siko sihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili ezichazwe kahle. Eyokuqala wayibiza ngokuthi "iParacas-Caverns"; ngoba bangcwaba abafileyo babo emathuneni ambiwe abheke phezulu phansi, anwebeka ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele phansi, ayenze inkomishi ibe yindebe ehlanekezelwe (nakuba empeleni eyimithombo kunokuba "imigede").
Eyesibili wayibiza ngokuthi "Paracas-Necropolis"; ngoba bangcwaba abafileyo emathuneni ayinkimbinkimbi kanxantathu, okuthiwa “amadolobha abafileyo” noma ama-necropolises.
Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kweParacas kwakudlondlobala amashumi eminyaka, ngenxa yodumo lukaTello, obizwa ngokuthi "uyise wemivubukulo yasePeru", kwaze kwaba yilapho abanye abavubukuli bebonisa ukuthi lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "iParacas-Necropolis" empeleni kungokwesinye isiko lamasiko: Isiko lizokwenza. qhuma.
I-Paracas Caverns (700 BC - 200 BC)
Isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi imigede yaseParacas sisukela eminyakeni engama-700 ngaphambi kukaKristu. Isibalo esikhulu sabantu besiko leParacas ngaleso sikhathi sathuthukiswa eTajahuana osebeni lomfula i-Ica emkhakheni we-Ocucaje.
Igama livela endleleni amaParacas angcwaba ngayo abafileyo babo besesimweni sombungu. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa yimiphumela yezinqwaba zemingcwabo etholakala eCerro Colorado.
Amathuna atholakele ambiwe ngaphansi komhlaba emadwaleni, anomumo ofana “nenkomishi ehlanekezelwe” noma ibhodlela elinentamo ephezulu, ngezansi lapho izinyanda zomngcwabo zazibekwe cishe ngamamitha ayisi-6 ububanzi.
Bekungamathuna ajwayelekile, nakuba kungaziwa ukuthi ngabe abomndeni owodwa yini, izidumbu zingcwatshwa ngenxa yesimo sezulu nesimo sezwe. Ezinye zezidumbu zikhombisa ukunyakaza nokukhubazeka kogebhezi.
IParacas Necropolis (200 BC - 200 AD)
Isigaba esibizwa ngeParacas Necropolis siqanjwa ngokuthi amathuna angunxande atholakala e-Wari Kayan ahlukaniswa aba ngamakamelo amaningana noma amagumbi angaphansi komhlaba, uTello abonakala ngokuthi "Idolobha Labafileyo" (Necropolis).
Ikamelo ngalinye elikhulu kwakucatshangwa ukuthi elomndeni othile noma umndeni owawungcwabe okhokho babo izizukulwane eziningi.
Imibono kaTello iye yaphikiswana ngayo abanye abavubukuli. Okokuqala, u-Wari Kayan akabonakali njenge-necropolis, kodwa kunalokho isikhungo esikhulu esinabantu abaningi, kwezinye zezakhiwo lapho kufakwe khona izinyanda ezingaphezu kuka-400, iqiniso lokuthi kuze kube manje alinayo incazelo egculisayo.
Kungaba indawo engathathwa njengendawo engcwele, ngenxa yombala obomvu wamagquma ayo kanye nokuba seduze kolwandle, okwakuyokubuyisela ekufeni nasekuzalweni kabusha. Futhi okwesibili, ukubonakaliswa kwamasiko kwalesi siza akukona okweParacas uqobo, kodwa kwelinye isiko lamasiko elihlukile, elabizwa ngokuthi iTopará futhi elathuthukiswa ezigodini zaseCañete, Topará, Chincha nasePisco, kuze kufike enhlonhlweni yeParacas njenge umkhawulo waseningizimu.
Ngamanye amazwi, u-Wari Kayan wayesemngceleni wamasiko amabili. Kungenzeka ukuthi isiko laseTopará lazibophezela ngesihluku esifundeni ngemva kwempi yokunqoba. Ukuba khona kwezikhali emaphaketheni amaningi emingcwabo, kanye nokuba khona okukhulu kwezingebhezi zekhanda eziphukile nezincibilikile, kungaba izimpawu zesikhathi esinodlame kakhulu.
Ophenyweni kwatholakala ukuthi umama ugoqwe ngezingqimba eziningi zendwangu, ezinye zazo ezekhwalithi enhle kakhulu. Lezi zindwangu, ngokuqondile, yizo ezenza iParacas yaduma, njengoba izibonelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zinhle kakhulu. Baziwa emhlabeni wonke njengeParacas Mantos.
Izakhiwo
Kokubili enhlonhlweni yaseParacas nakwezinye iziza zeParacas, akukho mkhondo wemisebenzi eyisikhumbuzo etholakele, ngaphandle kwesigodi esingaphansi kwe-Ica, lapho kukhona izizinda ezimbili ezibalulekile: i-Ánimas Altas kanye ne-Ánimas. Phansi.
I-Ánimas Altas inendawo engamahektha ayi-100 futhi ivikelwe udonga oluphakeme olwakhiwe ngezingqimba zotshani nomhlaba ombozwe ngama-adobes.
Iqukethe izakhiwo eziphakeme eziyishumi nantathu ezinomumo ofanayo kanye nemodeli yezakhiwo. Ezinye zezindonga zawo zinemihlobiso eyenziwe ngemigqa eqoshiwe kuyilapho ubumba lusamanzi. Bamele izinyamazane ezikhonjiwe.
Eduze kwe-Ánimas Altas kune-Ánimas Bajas, cishe amahektha angama-60, eyakhiwe ngezindunduma ezingunxande eziyisikhombisa ezakhiwe nge-adobe yobuciko, ngesimo samabhola noma izinhlamvu zombila.
Uma amaParacas, ngokungangabazeki, alandela umkhosi oqinile nothatha isikhathi eside. Isidumbu sacwiliswa ngobuchule obuyinkimbinkimbi, imininingwane yayo engaziwa; kodwa kaningi kunalokho, baphendukela ekucwiliseni izidumbu zemvelo, ezikhishwe endaweni ezungezile.
Umama, osongwe ngendwangu yakhe futhi usesimweni somntwana, wafakwa kubhasikidi owenziwe ngentambo enochungechunge lwezinto, okubonisa umqondo kaParacas wokuphila ngemva kokufa. Kwatholakala izingubo, izihlilingi, izindwangu, namabhodwe anezinhlamvu zamakinati, izikhwebu zommbila nokunye.
Konke kwakumbozwe ngokucophelela inombolo, hhayi njalo efanayo, yezingubo zokulala noma izindwangu zekhwalithi ehlukene; iphakethe elakhiwe kanjalo libizwa ngokuthi i-funerary package. Isigqoko esiseduze kakhulu nomzimba kamama ngokuvamile sincane kakhulu, sifekethiswe ngezibalo ezimelela ngokomfanekiso izwe lezinganekwane zaseParacas.
Izendlalelo ezisele ezekhwalithi ephansi. Amanye amaphakheji omngcwabo asongwe ngamaphepha afika ayishumi noma ayishumi nanye, futhi ngokungangabazeki angawamalungu ezigaba ezibusayo.
izindwangu
Amathuna atholakala eCerro Colorado ("Caverns of Paracas") angumthombo oyinhloko lapho kutholwe khona amasampula obuciko bezindwangu baseParacas. Zenziwe ngekotini (omhlophe nomnyama omnyama) noboya be-camelid. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasetshenziswa izinwele zomuntu nemicu yezitshalo.
Imicu idayiwe ngezinto ezinemibala ehlukene. Badaya nezindwangu ngemva kokwenziwa. Enye indlela yokuhlobisa kwakuwukufekethisa, nakuba lokhu kwenziwa kabanzi futhi kwaba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu eParacas-Necropolis.
Ngokuqondene nezibalo zokuhlobisa, zimelela izidalwa zenganekwane kanye nezimpawu ezingokomfanekiso, ngokuvamile ezinobunjwa obuqinile bejometri, kodwa zonke zenziwe ngomqondo omkhulu wobuciko.
Ikakhulukazi, isibalo esisodwa siphindaphindwa njalo: okuthiwa u-Hidden Being, omele umzimba wonke noma kuphela ekhanda lakhe. Inamehlo asendle, umlomo wekati, nomzimba ombozwe izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi ezigqamayo futhi zibe nempilo.
Kodwa ngokungangabazeki, amajazi noma izindwangu eziwubukhazikhazi kakhulu zihambisana neParacas-Necropolis, nakuba eqinisweni zenziwa isiko laseTopará.
I-Cerámica
I-Paracas pottery inesitayela esicacile nesicacile, esiphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kwenhlonhlo yeParacas, ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene phakathi kwezigodi zaseChincha enyakatho kanye nesigodi saseRio Grande (Palpa) eningizimu.
Esigodini sase-Ica, sekusungulwe uchungechunge olude lwe-ceramic, oluqala ezikhathini zangaphambi kweParacas futhi luphele ekuqaleni kwesiko lamaNazca, elaziwa ngokuthi yisitayela se-Ocucaje, esinezigaba eziyi-10. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu chungechunge lwe-ceramic luphelele kakhulu lwe-Andean Formative.
I-ceramics yalesi siko inezitayela ezihluke kakhulu: izitsha, izinkomishi, amapuleti, kanye namabhodlela e-globular neziqukathi ezinama-spouts amabili aqondile ahlanganiswe nentamo yebhuloho. Ezinye ziyi-sculptural shape, zibonisa imizimba yabantu efana nemibese yesiko lama-Chancay.
Ngokuqondene nendlela yokuhlobisa, kwakunje: izibalo zaqala ukuhlukaniswa ngemigqa e-angular eqoshiwe, edwetshwa ngenkathi ubumba lusamanzi. Ngemuva kokudubula ubumba, kwenziwa ukugcotshwa, okwakusetshenziselwa upende olula.
Imibala eyinhloko eyayisetshenziswa kwakumnyama, obomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi nowolintshi. Izibalo ezimelelwe zibonisa ukusondelana nobuciko be-Chavín, ikakhulukazi ukumelelwa kwesidalwa esingaphezu kwemvelo esinezici ze-feline, inyoni nezici zomuntu, eziye zabizwa ngokuthi i-Flying Feline.
I-Iconography
I-iconography yeParacas ivusa izingqikithi ze-cosmological kanye nezinganekwane futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibhekisela ezindabeni zomlando ezifana nokunqotshwa kanye nesisekelo sokuhlala kwabantu, izenzakalo eziphawulwe ngezimpi nemikhosi, lapho umhlatshelo womuntu wawuphindaphinda khona.
I-Cranial Trepanations
Kunobufakazi bokuthi bahlinza, okuthiwa yi-skull trepanations. Kulo mkhuba, "udokotela" weParacas wayesebenzisa izindwani ze-obsidian, i-tums noma izindwani ezimise okwenyanga (ezenziwe ngengxube yegolide nesiliva), ama-scalpel, nama-tweezers.
Baphinde basebenzisa ukotini, i-gauze namabhandeshi. Ugebhezi lwabhotshozwa ngensingo ye-obsidian futhi ithambo elilimele laklwejwa noma lakhishwa ngommese, lenza ukuphenduka okuyindilinga okunikeza imbobo isimo esiyindilinga.
Lapho ukwelashwa okufanelekile sekwenziwe, ukuvulwa kwakuvalwa ngamapuleti egolide noma ama-matte (ithanga). Lokhu kuvumele ukuhlinzwa ukuthi kuphole ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Izizathu ezenza lo mkhuba kuxoxwe ngazo kakhulu; Kukholakala ukuthi zenziwe ngenjongo yokwelapha ukuphuka kwezindonga zamathambo eziwile, ukukhulula ubuhlungu bekhanda, nokwelapha ukugula kwengqondo ngokusebenzisa imilingo (mhlawumbe kwakukholelwa ukuthi lapho ugebhezi luvuleka, imimoya yayizophuma. ). okuyingozi).
Ama-skulls amaningi anezimpawu ze-trepanation abonisa ukuthi abantu baye basinda kulo mkhuba, ngenxa yokuba khona kwamathambo amathambo endaweni eqhutshwayo, afanayo avela kuphela eminyakeni edlule kumuntu ophilayo. Akungabazeki ukuthi akekho owacabanga ukuthi amaParacas ayengayenza.
Okuningi ngo-Paracas Culture
Icushwe njengomanduleli wamaNazcas, isiko leParacas laziwa ngobuciko balo bendwangu, izitsha zobumba, ukugoqa izingebhezi nezidumbu zayo. Yatholwa ngo-1925 ngumvubukuli uJulio Tello, yathuthukiswa esifundeni saseParacas ePeru.
Ukubusa kwabo kwadlulela enyakatho eSigodini saseCañete naseningizimu kuya e-Arequipa, ehlanganisa iChincha, iPisco, i-Ica, iPalpa neRío Grande. Amadolobhana asePeña Ajahuana, Ánimas Altas kanye ne-Huaca Rosa ayizinsalela zale mpucuko.
Okujwayelekile kwesiko leParacas
Babenolwazi olukhulu ngamasu e-hydrological ukukhuthaza ezolimo, ngokusebenzisa imisele yokunisela. Enye inqubo eyayisetshenziselwa ukutshala kwakuyinsimu ye-wachaque noma ecwile, eyayihlanganisa ukumba imigodi kuze kufike inhlabathi emanzi edingekayo ukuze kulinywe.
Ngale ndlela, bagqama ekulimeni ukotini, ubhontshisi nommbila. Ngokufanayo, ngenxa yendawo ababehlala kuyo eduze nogu, bahlakulela indlela yokuhamba futhi, ngezikebhe ezibizwa ngokuthi i-caballitos de totora, bazuza izinsiza ezinikezwa ulwandle.
Ngaphansi kwesimiso sikahulumeni esingokwasezulwini, lesi sizwe sasinokwehlukana ngokwezigaba ngokwenhlalo kwaba abapristi, izikhulu ezingamaqhawe, nabantu abavamile. Lapho inkolo kankulunkulu wamehlo ebizwa ngokuthi u-Kon yayigcwele khona, ibhekwa njengomdali wendawo yonke.
Umlando omfushane wesiko laseParacas
Ngokomlando, zavela phakathi kuka-700 B.C. C. kanye no-200 AD, futhi ngokomvubukuli wasePeruvia uJulio Tello, lesi siko sinezigaba ezimbili ezilandelanayo:
Imigede (700-500 BC).
Njengoba babeyinkathi endala kakhulu yalesi sizwe, babebonakala njengabafokazi, amaqhawe, ezenkolo nabajabule. Bakha izindlu ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zezintaba nenqaba endaweni eyithafa yamatshe, eyaziwa ngokuthi iTajahuana, okungenzeka ukuthi yayiyinhloko-dolobha yale mpucuko.
Phakathi kokutholakele, izinto zobumba ezinethonya elinamandla le-Chavín nezinsimbi zomculo ezifana nezigubhu namacilongo ziyagqama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuna aqoshwe ngendlela yenkomishi ehlanekezelwe enezidumbu ezingcwatshiwe, ezilondolozwe kahle futhi zigoqwe ngendwangu, ziyagqama.
I-Necropolis (500 BC - 200 AD).
Ngokocwaningo lwamuva nje luye lwabonisa ukuthi lesi sigaba singesesiko laseTopará. Igama layo libangelwa ukutholakala kwamathuna amakhulu angunxande e-Wari Kayan, efana nedolobha labafileyo.
Lapha, abomdabu base-elite bangcwatshwa, behlanganiswe ngezindwangu ezihlotshiswe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi futhi bahlotshiswe ngezibalo zezilwane noma izinyoka, ezaziwa ngokuthi amaphakheji e-paracas funerary. Izindonga zamathuna zazenziwe ngamatshe amancane ahlanganiswe nodaka nophahla lwamapulangwe e-huarango.
Umuthi nokuhlinzwa esikweni leParacas
Ababhekwa njengochwepheshe ekungeneleleni kokuhlinzwa ekwelapheni ukuphuka, izifo noma izimila, baye benza ngokuphawulekayo i-cranial trepanation. Ukwenza lokhu, basebenzisa amaqabunga e-coca nesiphuzo sombila obolile njenge-anesthesia, ngokumelene nobuhlungu nokutheleleka.
Ekulahlekeni kwe-cranial, "udokotela ohlinzayo" wesizwe wasebenzisa ama-obsidian burs, imimese, ama-scalpels, ama-tweezers, ukotini namabhandeshi. Enqubweni, ugebhezi lwalubhojwa ngobhozo, kukhucululwe ithambo elilimele kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa umbobo oyindilinga.
Umgodi wabe usugcwaliswa ngamapuleti egolide, okwenza ukuhlinzwa kuphole ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Inqwaba yezidumbu ezitholwe kugebhezi ugebhezi zikhomba ukuthi abantu basindile kulo mkhuba.
Kukholakala ukuthi lo mkhuba wenzelwe ukuphulukisa ukuphuka noma ukuwohloka kwezindonga zamathambo okwenzeka empini. Futhi ukukhulula i-migraines noma ukwelapha izifo zengqondo ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zemilingo, ukuze lapho ugebhezi luvuleka, imimoya ebangele umonakalo iphume.
Ukubonakaliswa kwesiko leParacas
Phakathi kokubonakaliswa okumangalisa kakhulu kwesiko leParacas kukhona:
Indwangu
Ngokuduma okusobala kwezobuciko bendwangu, benza izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu njenge-alpaca, uvolo we-vicuña kanye nezimpaphe ezinemibala eminingi. Ukuthi baklama ngamaphethini ejometri, izibalo zezilwane noma ze-anthropomorphic kanye nesikimu sombala esihle. Nakuba ijazi empeleni liwukwakheka okuphawuleka kakhulu, elenziwe ngocezu olulodwa oluwunxande, laligqokwa ekhanda njenge-mantilla noma njengezikhwama zomngcwabo. Cishe zonke izindwangu eParacas zazichazwa izitayela ezimbili:
I-Linear, endwangu eyisisekelo, basebenzisa imibala emine elukwe umugqa oqondile kanye nokusikwa okuzungezwe amabhande ahlotshisiwe. Amabhulokhi emibala, anezici zezithombe ezincane ezigobile neziphindaphindiwe ezinhlanganisela ezihlukene nokuqedwa okugqanyisiwe.
I-Ceramic
Ngokuqondene nobuciko be-ceramic, buhlukaniswa ngemihlobiso eyinkimbinkimbi ye-polychrome kanye nokumelwa kwezenkolo. Okuthile okushintshile esigabeni se-necropolis se-Paracas, lapho uhlamvu oluvelele lwaluyi-monochrome, olunqunywe ukusetshenziswa kokhilimu noma imibala emnyama. Izimo ngokuvamile zaziyi-oval enamaphuzu amabili amafushane futhi zixhunywe ngesibambo sebhuloho.
Ubuciko nemisebenzi yezandla
Ngaphandle kwezitsha zobumba, babenemisebenzi yezandla engavamile, njengezinti zamatshe, imimese ye-obsidian, amabhodlela egourd, ama-rattles, amagobolondo noma imigexo yamathambo kanye nemihlobiso yegolide ekhandwe ngesando.
Singaphetha ngokuthi isiko leParacas lishiye iminikelo kokubili kwezokwelapha nasezindwangu, ezingaboniswa namuhla.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko sithakazelisa, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: