Njengomphikisi welanga, inyanga iyisathelayithi yemvelo yomhlaba, ithonya layo nencazelo yalo ibaluleke ngokufanayo. Inyanga iyinto yasemkhathini eyaqala eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-4.000, cishe isikhathi eside njengeSolar System.
Konke okuzungeza umqondo wenyanga kuyacebisa ngokwesayensi, isiko kanye nemfihlakalo. Inyanga ihlale icwaningwa, ize ibambe nemishini yasemkhathini eyahlukene, njengemishini ye-Apollo.
Nokho, ngokombono ngaphandle kwesayensi, inyanga inezincazelo eziningana. Kafushane, iyinto ebalulekile ethakaselwayo, okuyinto, usuku nosuku, inesibopho sokuhlobisa ubusuku. Ngakho-ke, ingabe wake wazibuza, uyini umsuka wenyanga?
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: 3 Izinkanyezi Ezinkulu Ezingaqondakali Zomkhathi Ezinkulu KuneLanga!
Umsuka wenyanga, ngamafuphi. Yimiphi imininingwane eyisisekelo?
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, iSolar System nendawo yonke kwakuhlanzekile. Konke okwaziwayo njengamanje, njengokuyisisekelo njengoba kungase kubonakale, kwakungafani nobukhulu phakathi naleso sikhathi.
La umagazini wesayensi Icarus, ngonyaka ka-1975, yanyathelisa isifinyezo salokho okwadalulwa engqungqutheleni yesayensi yamazwe ngamazwe yamasathelayithi yangonyaka owandulele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, kwembulwa ithiyori ephumelele kakhulu mayelana nemvelaphi yenyanga.
Umthombo: C&EN
Kuyo, kwasungulwa ukuthi, ngemva komcimbi wezilinganiso eziyinhlekelele, uMhlaba waba nomthelela omkhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubukhulu bawo babucishe bulingane nengxenye yalokho obuyikho namuhla, bubangela umonakalo omkhulu.
Into edale umcimbi onjalo, Yayinobukhulu obufana ne-Mars. okubangela ukukhululwa kwezingcezu nezinto ezisemhlabeni. Ngenxa yalokho, njengoba isikhathi sihamba, imfucumfucu yanqwabelana, okwabangela umsuka wenyanga.
I-protagonists yemvelaphi yenyanga, ngokusho kwethiyori ephumelele kakhulu
Ukuze uqonde kabanzi imininingwane eshiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile ukwazi ama-protagonists omsuka wenyanga. Esikhathini sokuqala, njengoba sekushiwo, iplanethi esanda kuzalwa enguMhlaba iyatholakala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunganakwa kweplanethi engudadewabo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Tea, ingumphikisi oyinhloko wesisekelo. Kwakungenxa yale planethi, ngokwemibono ehlukahlukene, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuchaza namuhla umsuka wenyanga.
Umphikisi omkhulu: Theia
Eyaziwa nangokuthi Itiye noma i-Orpheus noma i-Orfeo, into yasezulwini okukholakala ukuthi yashaya uMhlaba eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule. Itiye, kwakuyiplanethi eyasuka eduze komjikelezo woMhlaba ofanayo, enosayizi omncane uma iqhathaniswa.
Nokho, wakhulela endaweni ye-orbital kuthambekele kakhulu ekukhuleni kwamaplanethi, ngenxa yezici ezihlukene ze-medium. Lapho iplanethi ifinyelela izilinganiso ezifana ne-Mars, yaqala ukukhombisa ukunganaki ngenxa yomjikelezo owawuhlala kuwo.
Ngenxa yalokho, Itiye laba nezinguquko ezivamile ze-orbital, okuholela ekuziphatheni okungazinzile. Ekugcineni, umkhondo wayo waba nesiphithiphithi kakhulu, okwaholela ekubeni nomthelela oqondile maqondana noMhlaba.
Umlingisi Osekelayo: Iplanethi Yomhlaba
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-4.000 edlule, iplanethi enguMhlaba yayiyidwala elincane, cishe i-emryonic. Ngaleso sikhathi somlando, kunenkolelo yokuthi uMhlaba awuzange udlule inqubo yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwengubo nomgogodla.
Lapho ukushaqeka sekwenzekile, Itiye lacishe labhujiswa ngokuphelele, kuyilapho uMhlaba uphonswa endaweni enobutha futhi engenamoya. Amazinga okushisa angaphezulu afinyelela amazinga okushisa ahlekisayo.
Okuningi kwengubo nengaphezulu letiye, kanye ne iphesenti elincane lengubo yoMhlaba, yakhishwa. Njengoba umcimbi wenzeke ngendlela engahleliwe, i-Tea yalandela umjikelezo wayo phambili.
Njengoba icishe ifane ne-Earth orbit, kwenzeke umthelela wesibili, okwadala ukucekelwa phansi okuphelele kweTiye. Ngalokhu kukhishwa kwemfucumfucu entsha emkhathini, uMhlaba wakha idiski yawo yemfucumfucu.
Nokho, ngenxa yemiphumela ehlukene engakachazwa, i-debris disk yahlangana futhi yakha inyanga. Ngokuphambene, yonke imfucumfucu evela eTiyeni kukholakala ukuthi ihlanganiswe nesakhiwo sasemhlabeni, yasiqinisa.
Ukufika komuntu enyangeni
Lapho umuntu enyathela enyangeni, kwakungasho nje isinyathelo esikhulu esintwini. Futhi, lalimelela ithuba lokuhlangana nesinye sezakhi eziyimpicabadala yendawo yonke eseduze, inyanga.
Izinto eziqoqwe ngesikhathi semishini ye-Apollo, Bakwazile ukuqinisekisa ubufakazi obuthile obuqinisa ithiyori yomthelela. Eyokuqala futhi evelele kakhulu ukuthi inyanga, phakathi kwezinto zayo, ine-coefficient of oxygen isotopes efana noMhlaba.
Ngokulandelayo, kuye kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni sokuthi umnyombo wenyanga kanye nobuso kwenziwa ngezinto eziwumphumela wokuhlangana kwezindawo ezimbili. Ngenxa yalokhu, kukholakala ukuthi zombili izakhi zomhlaba kanye neplanethi ezibangele umthelela zikhona enyangeni.
Eminye imibono echaza umsuka wenyanga. Yini enye okufanele uyazi ngayo?
Kusukela ku-hypothesis yomthelela noma ukungqubuzana okukhulu kunezinye izinkolelo-mbono ezichaza umsuka wenyanga kanjalo. Enye yazo i-synesis hypothesis, eyabhalwa ngo-2018 ngososayensi abavela eHarvard nase-UC Davis.
Lesi senzakalo sibeka ukuthi, ngemva komcimbi womthelela weplanethi, umphumela uyidwala elikhulu eliqinile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-synesis. Izinto ezifana nensimbi, i-granite noma i-compact rock zakha lesi sisindo esikhulu futhi esishisayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yancipha yaba izilinganiso ezihambisana nenyanga.
Umthombo: QUO
Nokho, enye imibono elandelayo echaza umsuka wenyanga yamenyezelwa ngo-2012. Isihloko esanyatheliswa uR. Canup sabonisa ukuthi inyanga yaqala ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamaplanethi amabili ngemva kokushayisana.
Womabili amaplanethi anezilinganiso ezilingana noma ezinkulu kuneplanethi iMars, ukukhulula ifu lemfucumfucu yendawo yonke. Okokuqala, leli fu lahlelwa laba yi-biconcave disk, kamuva eyahlangana yakha inyanga.