Ukuba khona kokufudukela emadolobheni kanye nenani labantu emahlathini, kanye nokulahlwa kokuphathwa kwamahlathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda okwenzeka eMalaga, eSierra Bermeja, indawo enenani eliphakeme lemvelo eyashisa izinsuku. Lokhu vele kwenzekile eSpain ngeminyaka yama-90s. Futhi kuyisihluthulelo, ukuqonda imililo elandelayo, sikhuluma ngomqondo « Iwindi lekusasa«.
Lapha sichaza uyini umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha, kanye nezibonelo ezithile.
umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha
Umlilo waseSierra Bermeja, esifundazweni saseMalaga, uhlukile kumongo owenzeke kuwo. Sekuke kwaba nemililo ebizwa ngesizukulwane sesithupha, njengalona waseSpain, kodwa ukusondela kwamadolobha nokufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni kusho ukuthi, kuhlangene nokulahlwa kokuphathwa kwemvelo nomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, sekuphenduke umlilo ongajwayelekile. .
Umqondo wokukhiqiza umlilo uhlobene nobudlelwane phakathi kokuziphatha komlilo kanye nesakhiwo sezwe. Izinkinga ezimbili ezithinta umlilo wehlathi, kuye ngokuthi umongo, zisiholela ekukhulumeni kohlobo olulodwa lomlilo noma olunye.
Usho ukuthini umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha?
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX, ngokufuduka kwezindawo zasemakhaya kanye nokulahlwa kokusetshenziswa kwezolimo, umlilo uye wavela. Kodwa, Yiziphi izizukulwane ezinhlanu zokuqala? Sizokuchazela ngezansi:
- Isizukulwane sokuqala: umlilo uthatha isivinini ezindaweni zokulima ezingalinyiwe.
- Isizukulwane sesibili: Khona-ke, ukushiywa kwehlathi elikhulayo, okuwumphumela walokhu okungenhla.
- Isizukulwane sesithathu: i-landscape dichotomy: izindawo zasemadolobheni ezinomthamo omkhulu wezindawo zamadolobha amakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo zasemaphandleni ezingenalutho. Eqinisweni, kukhona ukuhlobana kokuthi kuye ngobukhulu behlathi, umlilo uzoba njalo.
- Isizukulwane sesine: ziyingozi kakhulu, sesibe nazo eSpain iminyaka eminingi, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1994, akukho muntu okhuluma ngazo. Ukuya emadolobheni kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka maphakathi nezwe
- Isizukulwane sesihlanu: Isizukulwane esibizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sesihlanu siqala ukukhiqiza eCalifornia, e-Australia, ezindaweni esezingcolisiwe kakade, uma sikhuluma ngokwezindawo zasemadolobheni, njengeziqhingi zaseCanary noma iValencia, lapho amahlathi engasakwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokuya emadolobheni. Ziyizindawo zamahektha amakhulu afanayo. Bese kuba nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, lapho umkhathi uziphatha ngendlela engazinzile, futhi awukwazi ukuwulawula lowo mlilo. Futhi, abantu abahlala eduze kwale mililo. Kuba indaba yokuvikelwa komphakathi esikhundleni sokuphathwa kwamahlathi.
Uma kukhona okuthize imililo yesizukulwane sesine nesesihlanu ihlanganyela, kuyisici esinqumayo esifana ne uhlobo lokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezinamahlathi "ngaphandle komjikelezo" owaqala ukwakhiwa ngawo-90. Imililo lena I-Forest Urban Interface.
Umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha: Ibhizinisi elinempilo yalo?
Futhi, kuleli qophelo, sizokhuluma ngokuthi kusho ukuthini umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha. Lesi isizukulwane esisha sokusha kwehlathi osekuvele kwenzeka kule nhlonhlo iminyaka engu-25. Ikakhulukazi eCatalonia, isifunda saseSolsonès nezingxenye zeBages neLa Segarra. Lokhu kuyiqiniso elisha okufanele licatshangelwe, njengoba kwenzeka eSierra Bermeja eMalaga, ukwanda kwenani lezindlu nezakhiwo ezindaweni ezinezinkuni kuyisici esivamile kuyo yonke le mililo.
Futhi, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, isimo sezulu siyashintsha. Ukulahlwa kokuphathwa kwamahlathi kuyisici sesithathu esenza umlilo, okuwubukhona bemvelo ku-ecosystem, obungenakuhlehliswa futhi obuzola kuphela esimweni sezulu esivumayo.
Emlilweni walezi zici, hhayi kuphela amandla okucisha alahlekile, ukuphakama kwamalangabi kungaphezu kwamamitha angu-3, izinga lokushisa akwamukeleki, futhi indiza ayisasebenzi lapha., okuwukuphela kwento engenziwa izinqamuli zomlilo, kushiswe uphethiloli ukuze kubekwe imigoqo ukuze uma ifika kungabikho lutho olusha.
Kuba yimpi, lapho isifunda sifinyelela esizukulwaneni sesithupha somlilo, kubonakala sengathi umlilo usanda kuba yinto enomphefumulo. Kuleli qophelo, umlilo uthuthukisa umoya wawo. Ngaleso sikhathi, umlilo udala lokho esikubiza ngokuthi a inqubo ye-convective, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunomoya, ukubukeka kwendawo noma uhlaza. Kuyi-cyclone futhi izothuthukisa inqubo ye-convective, ezodala lokho okubizwa amafu e-pyrocumulus.
Ingozi enkulu yomlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha
Uma i-pyrocumulus ishaya "uphahla", okungukuthi, ingxenye ezinzile yomkhathi, ingaba umlilo oqhumayo, bese uqala ukunisa umlilo. Yilokhu okwenzeka eCalifornia, futhi kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngeshwa, awukwazi ukulwa nemililo yesizukulwane sesithupha. Okuwukuphela kwento ongayenza ukuthuthukisa isu lokuzivikela, zama ukubeka phambili futhi uvikele okubaluleke kakhulu.
Umlilo awukwazi ukulawulwa. Into engenziwa wukuzama ukuyiqondisa lapho ingenza khona umonakalo omncane, bese ilinda ukuthi isimo sezulu sishintshe, ngoba kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho umlilo ungacishwa khona. Isizukulwane sesithupha sihlobene kakhulu nokulahlwa kokuphatha nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Uvelaphi umqondo womlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha?
Imodeli yezizukulwane yahlongozwa ukuchaza ukuvela kwemililo kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-60, lapho izinguquko ziqala ukuvela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, futhi imililo yaqala ukuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ishube. Ezinye izici zicatshangelwe, njengezindawo ezakhiwe eziyimizi yesibili, ukufudukela emadolobheni noma amadolobhana, okwenza izimo zibe nzima kakhulu. Lezi yizici ezenza kube nzima ukucisha umlilo.
Izibonelo zemililo yesizukulwane sesithupha:
- Pedrogão (Portugal), ngo-2017.
- I-Las Peñuelas, Doñana (Huelva), ngo-2017.
- Catalonia, ngeminyaka yama-90s.
- Sierra Bermeja (Malaga), ngo-2021.
Lezi zimo zizosiza ukwenza amamodeli ezibalo ezisiza ukubikezela ukuthi imililo izoba njani eminyakeni engu-25. Isihluthulelo sakho konke lokhu sisebunyeni behlathi nedolobha, okungukuthi, ukuminyana kwehlathi kuhlanganiswe nezakhiwo ezengeziwe, futhi lokhu kwenza umsebenzi wokuqothulwa ube nzima kakhulu.
Futhi, Akukhona nje ukubhekana nokushabalala komlilo, kodwa futhi, kuyadingeka ukunakekela ukuthutha nokuvikela ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni kanye namadolobha asondelene nendawo eshile.
Indlela yokugwema imililo yesizukulwane sesithupha?
Kusukela namuhla kunezindawo eziningi zasemadolobheni eziseduze nezixuku zamahlathi, nokuthi asisakwazi "ukwakha". Izinyathelo zokuvimbela kungaba:
- Dala indawo ehluke kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, hhayi ukusebenzisa ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kuphela amahlathi kaphayini, kodwa kuhlanganise nezinye izinhlobo zemvelo ezilingisa ngokuseduze ukulandelana kwemvelo. Ngalokhu sisho ukufaka izinhlobo ze-shruby ezijwayelekile zendawo, isibonelo, endabeni ye-Andalusia, i-lavender, i-rosemary, i-jarales, i-broom, phakathi kwabanye.
- Gwema ukuthi indawo yasemadolobheni ifakiwe noma iqhubeke nenqwaba yehlathi. Lokhu kugwenywa ngokwenza izinqamuli zomlilo, okungukuthi, izindawo ezingenazo uhlaza futhi ezinciphisa izindawo, ukuze umlilo ungabi namandla.
- Nika amandla izindawo zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuhlolwa komthelela okwamanje kusho ukuthi kufanele kube nokufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo (amaloli ezicishamlilo, ama-ambulensi), ukufinyelela akuhlali kukuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Eqinisweni, lokhu kube ngesinye sezithiyo ezimbi kakhulu ezike zaba khona emililo yesizukulwane sesithupha.
Ngithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi mayelana nomlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha lube usizo kuwe.