Sizobona kulesi sihloko umlando wekhadi lesikweletu. Omunye wemibhalo ebaluleke kakhulu yezezimali yeminyaka yamuva, ungaphuthelwa.
umlando wekhadi lesikweletu
Amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu okuqala abonakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-1914, lapho ikhadi lokuqala elakhiqizwa inkampani yaseWestern Union livela ngo-XNUMX. Le nkampani yahlela ukwakhiwa kwekhadi lapho amakhasimende ayo ayengathola khona umugqa wesikweletu lapho benze izimpahla zabo ngesikweletu.
Lokhu Kunyuswa bekuhloselwe amakhasimende ancanyelwayo kuphela. Lolu hlelo lwasebenza iminyaka embalwa kwaze kwaba yilapho, kancane kancane, ezinye izinkampani ziqala ukukhipha amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1920, iGeneral Petroleum Corporation yakhipha ikhadi lesikweletu elalisetshenziswa kuphela ukukhipha uphethiloli.
Ngo-1929, i-American Telephone & Telegraph yakhipha ikhadi le-Bell, lapho amakhasimende ayengathola khona izingcingo ezikhethwayo uma bethule ikhadi elishiwo. Ngawo-40, ukukhishwa kwamakhadi esikweletu kwanda kakhulu futhi kwaqala ukuchuma kwangempela ezweni.
Laliyini ikhadi lokuqala lesikweletu?
Ukuze wazi konke okuhlobene nomlando wekhadi lesikweletu, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi kwakuyiliphi ngempela ikhadi lokuqala elaphuma ukuze lisetshenziswe umphakathi. Njengoba sesibonile, amakhadi okuqala akhishwa ngo-1920.
Ikhadi lesikweletu lokuqala njengoba silazi namuhla lavela ngo-1949 lapho kwenzeka isimo endaweni yokudlela ebizwa ngokuthi i-Major's Cabin Grill esavumela ikhadi lesikweletu elinezinzuzo esizaziyo namuhla ukuthi liqanjwe futhi lisebenze.
Kuvela ukuthi uFrank X. McNamara, umnikazi wenkampani «Hamilton Credit Corporation» wayedla isidlo sakusihlwa endaweni yokudlela ngolunye usuku, kanye naye kwakukhona ummeli wakhe kanye nomzukulu womnikazi wenkampani edumile yaseMelika «Bloomingdale's».
Esidlweni sakusihlwa babexoxa ngenkinga eyenzekile mayelana nokubolekwa imali kwelinye lamakhasimende kaMnu. McNamara. Lelo khasimende lalingene ezikweletini ngenxa yesenzo somusa elasenza ngokwalo.
Ikhasimende lalinikeze abanye omakhelwane ababenezinkinga zemali wonke amakhadi alo okukhokha. Njengoba lingenayo imali, ikhasimende lanquma ukuya kuMnu. McNamara ukuze lifake isicelo sokubolekwa imali futhi kanjalo likwazi ukukhokhela izindleko zalo.
Ngaphambi kokuqeda isidlo sakusihlwa, uMnu. McNamara unquma ukuhamba, ngakho lapho esezokhansela isidlo sakusihlwa, kwavela ukuthi imali yayishiywe ekhaya. Lesi simo siholele ekutheni afonele umkakhe ekhaya amtshele ukuthi akalethe imali.
Club Diners
Kuthe kusenjalo kwaqhuma isibani wacabanga isimo sekhasimende elihambe liyocela ukubolekwa enkampanini yalo, angaphinde adlule esimeni esifana nalesi ngesinye isikhathi. Utshele abehamba nabo ukuthi uma bezihlanganisa zombili lezi zimo, kungadalwa ikhadi lapho abantu bengakhansela khona isidlo sabo sakusihlwa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo ngaphandle kokuthi baphathe imali.
Umqondo wavela futhi phakathi kwamakhasimende amathathu adla ngalobo busuku asungula ikhadi alibiza ngokuthi i-Diners' Club. Ekuqaleni ikhadi lalibizwa ngokuthi "I-Club of Senators" futhi alizange libe nomthelela omkhulu emphakathini waseMelika. Ngo-1950 kuphela izindawo zokudlela ezingu-15 zase zijoyine uhlelo lokukhokha amakhadi e-Diners' Club.
Iphinde inamaklayenti axhumene nawo angaba ngu-200 kuphela lapho bekuhlangana khona abangani nezihlobo zeMcNamara kuphela. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva ikhadi libe ne-rebound emangazayo kangangokuba esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisi-6 laba namakhasimende axhumene nawo angaphezu kuka-20.000 futhi inani lezikhungo lase liphindaphindeke kahlanu...
iso
Leli khadi libe ngelokuqala ukuba nezici ezifana nalezi esizaziyo namuhla. Imodeli yezingxoxo iqukethe ukuthola abaxhumanisi phakathi kokusungulwa nomthengi. Lokhu kwakhokhisa ikhomishini ngomsebenzi kanye nenye yokulungisa.
Sikumema ukuba ugcizelele ukwaziswa okuphathelene nalesi sihloko ngokufunda isihloko esilandelayo Izilinganiso zenzalo yezezimali . Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwayo, ukugcinwa kwekhadi lokuthenga ngesikweletu kwakungema-dollar angu-3 ngonyaka. Yiqiniso, nge-caseload yamakhasimende angu-100.00, ibhizinisi ladalwa.
Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo
Ebona impumelelo ye-Diners' Club, amabhange amaningi anquma ukutshala imali ebhizinisini futhi kulo lonke izwe aqala ukukhipha izinkulungwane zamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu, awanikeza amakhasimende, ayengakwazi ukuwasebenzisa ezindaweni zokudlela kuphela kodwa nakwezinye izikhungo.
Inhlangano yasebhange yokuqala eyakhipha ikhadi le-Diners kwaba i-Franklin National Bank yaseLong Island, eseNew York City, ngo-1951. Kamuva, ezinye izinhlangano zakhipha amakhadi esikweletu anikeza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamasevisi.
American Express
Ngonyaka ka-1958, ikhadi layo le-American Express lafika emakethe, okungeyenkampani enegama elifanayo (futhi namuhla lisasele), lihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezengeziwe neziphakeme kunalezo ezihlinzekwa yiDiners Club. I-American Express yashintsha umlando wekhadi lesikweletu lapho iqala ukunikeza, phakathi kwezinye izinto:
- esonta ukuhamba
- abahambi amasheke
- Ikhadi elikhethekile elingasetshenziswa noma kuphi emhlabeni.
- Ukufinyelela kukheshi kunoma iyiphi i-ejensi yasebhange.
Zonke lezi zinzuzo ziqinisekiswe yiBhange LaseMelika. Ngo-1965, leli bhange lase lifinyelele izivumelwano nezinye izinhlangano zamabhange ngaphandle kwesifunda sase-California, ukuze limakethe udaba lwekhadi le-Bankamericard.
I-Master Card
Leli khadi libe nomthelela ophawulekayo emisebenzini yezezimali yase-United States phakathi nawo-60. Lokhu kwabangela ukuthi ezinye izikhungo zamabhange ezweni elisenyakatho zenze inhlangano ukuze zenze ikhadi le-Master Charge. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva yayizoqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-MasterCard
Ekuqaleni kwawo-70, kwakunamabhange angaphezu kuka-1400 XNUMX e-United States anikeza amakhasimende amakhadi esikweletu ahlukahlukene. Okwaholela ekutheni kube negagasi lokukhushulwa elisabalele ezwenikazi lase-Europe.
80s kuya phambili
Ekupheleni kwawo-70, amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti ayesephenduke intuthuko emphakathini, izindlela zokuphila zabantu zazishintsha, ukuboleka kwakuyimfashini, inqobo nje uma babengathola izimpahla nezinkonzo ngesikweletu.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-80, iBank of America yakulahla ukuphatha amakhadi e-American Express. Bese kunqunywa ngaphambi kwezinkampani ezahlukahlukene ezisikhiphile ukuthi kufanele zenze ikhadi elikhululekile kodwa elingeke libe negama leBank of America.
I-VISA
Bese bethatha isinqumo sokukhipha i-credit card ukuze baziqhelelanise ne-Bank of America bese beyibiza nge-VISA.Leli khadi belilula kancane kunamanduleli alo futhi bekufunwa indlela yokulibhekisa kubantu abasezingeni eliphakathi. Izidlo kanye ne-American Express bezihloselwe izethameli ezihlukaniswe kakhulu.
I-VISA ishintshile umlando wekhadi lesikweletu emhlabeni wonke futhi kuvunyelwe ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zezikweletu kanye namathuba ahlinzekwa ngamakhadi esikweletu kubantu abaningi abahola imali ephakathi. Kodwa futhi waqondisa imigomo yakhe ekuxhaseni ngezimali ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo zamabhange, sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko esilandelayo Inkululeko Yezezimali, equkethe ulwazi oluhlobene nalesi sihloko.
Namuhla ukunyakaza kwezinhlangano zezezimali kwenziwa ngedijithali, izinqubo zenziwa ngamapulatifomu ezobuchwepheshe avumela ukufinyelela kwezimpahla nezinsiza kusuka noma yikuphi emhlabeni.