Kuleli thuba sizobe sikhuluma nge umjikelezo we-oxygenWake wazibuza ukuthi isekelwe kuphi?Iyini inqubo?Yebo, kulokhu okuthunyelwe sikunikeza imininingwane edingekayo ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi sihloko esithokozisayo. Ungaphuthelwa!
Umjikelezo komoyampilo
Uma ungomunye walabo bantu abanelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi futhi unentshisekelo yokwazi umjikelezo we-oxygen, usendaweni efanele, sikulungiselele, izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho, ukuthatha njengesiqalo, ukwakheka kwayo, ukuthi isekelwe kuphi. Kungenzeka kanjani? nezici zabo.
Manje kuyini? I umjikelezo we-oxygen Inqunywa kalula ngenxa yokuthi imele uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezichazwa yisakhiwo esiphelele kakhulu esinqunywa ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-geological substrates, ehambisana nezakhi ezithile zezinto eziphilayo nezomzimba, ezivame ukukhula ngokulandelana ngokulandelana, ngaleyo ndlela. okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kokujikeleza komoya-mpilo, ohlakazeka ezungeze i-biosphere yethu.
Kodwa ukuze ube nombono ocacile, kubalulekile ukuchaza imininingwane ngayinye yezakhi noma amagama esiwabalula, esizoqala ngawo ngokuchaza ukuthi i-biosphere iyini, imele ungqimba oluthile lomhlaba, olubaluleke kakhulu endaweni evamile. izinga. , kucatshangelwa ukuthi lihlanganisa zonke izidalwa ezihlala emhlabeni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyaqashelwa ukuthi izinto eziphilayo eziningi, ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, zazinomsebenzi othile futhi zisenawo umsebenzi othile maqondana umjikelezo we-oxygen, lapho izifundo zingapheli, ngoba ngokuqiniseka okuphelele izinto eziphilayo eziningi ziyangenelela kule nqubo, okwenza kube khona indlela emhlabeni ngendlela engakholeki futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngendlela ebabazekayo. Ngakho-ke, qaphela izinqubo ezihilelekile kulo mjikelezo, ukuze ube nombono ocacile wokubaluleka nomsebenzi womjikelezo komoyampilo.
Abahlanganyeli abakhulu emjikelezweni we-oksijeni yizitshalo, okungukuthi, umbuso wezitshalo. Umoya-mpilo wona udluliselwa emkhathini. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zihogela umoya-mpilo okhishwayo, osivumela ukuba siphefumule kahle futhi sihlale sinempilo.
Kakade ngemva kokuba umoya-mpilo usuphefumulelwe abantu, nezilwane ezinale mfanelo, umoya-mpilo uphenduka udoti obizwa ngokuthi i-carbon dioxide. Ngokulandelayo, kufanele wazi ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ekujuleni kolwandle.
Ngakho-ke, yibo laba abaphethe ukumuncwa kwemfucuza eguqulwa ibe i-dioxide, kamuva esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa inqubo yayo ye-photosynthetic, lokhu ngenjongo eyinhloko yokukhipha amaprotheni athile ukuze enze ukuhlala kwawo phakade nokuba khona kwawo kwenzeke. Ekugcineni, le nqubo iphumela ku-photosynthesis, inqubo lapho zonke izitshalo zikhiphela umoya-mpilo emoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela ziqedele umjikelezo ngokuphumelelayo.
Izici zomjikelezo we-oxygen
I-oksijeni inezici ezithile esizozichaza ngokuqhubekayo kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sicabangela ukuthi lezi zici zichaza ngendlela ebambekayo. Manje, esinye sezici zomoya-mpilo ukuthi, njengamanzi, awunambala ngokuphelele, nawo unekhwalithi yokuba negesi.
Lokhu, njengoba sesibonile kakade, kuyisici esivame ukugcinwa ngenqubo eqhubekayo lapho ama-protagonists eyizitshalo, ngoba aphethe ukuyikhipha amakhodi nokuyiguqula ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis.
Ngokuqondile, i-oxygen igcinwa futhi ihlakazeke emkhathini wonke, futhi, asikwazi ukungazinaki iqiniso lokuthi umoya-mpilo ngokuvamile uminyene kakhulu emoyeni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kuvame ukwethulwa ngesisekelo sezinqubo ezimbili, enye ethi ibizwa nge-biological, kanye ne-geological. Manje, esinye sezici zayo zokuqala ubungqabavu obunikeza izidalwa eziphilayo ukuze zikwazi ukuzinakekela futhi ziphile, ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi ucezu oluyisihluthulelo ekusindeni kwezakhamuzi eziningi zeplanethi.
Esinye sezici zawo sisekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi lo mjikelezo unohlobo lwephethini yesakhiwo, okungukuthi, kuwo imijikelezo ethile ifakazelwa lapho ngamunye wabo unesenzo esichazwe kahle kakhulu, futhi njengomoya-mpilo, lokhu kufaka isandla esikhumbeni. indlela ebambekayo yokuthi inqubo yomjikelezo we-biogeochemical iphelele kakhulu. Kulo mjikelezo, njengoba sike sachaza, umjikelezo wekhabhoni ubamba iqhaza, okuhlanganisa namanzi, lapho ingxenye ngayinye yalezi zici ibaluleke ngempela mayelana nomjikelezo.
Kufanele sikhulume ukuthi umjikelezo we-biogeochemical empeleni ihamba kancane, lokhu lapho ngokuvamile ikwazi ukuzihlanganisa nama-ejenti emvelo ahlukene ayingxenye yeplanethi yethu. Njengomkhathi, uketshezi olubalulekile, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Ayini amanzi omjikelezo komoya-mpilo?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, enye yezinto eziyinhloko ezivame ukugcina umoya-mpilo i-geosphere, kuhlanganise nomkhathi, ohambisana ne-hydrosphere, lapho i-cryosphere iphinde ingenele, futhi ekugcineni izidalwa eziphilayo, esibuye sakha indawo yokugcina umoya-mpilo. Lezi zakhi zithuthukisa futhi zigcine umjikelezo komoyampilo ngendlela ehlukile.
Zonke zihambisana kancane kancane nomjikelezo wokuphila komoya-mpilo, ophelele ngempela futhi owakheke kahle kakhulu. Ukucabangela ikakhulukazi ingqikithi yokuthuthuka kwayo.
izigaba zomjikelezo womoya-mpilo
Kukhona imijikelezo ye-biogeochemical umoya-mpilo, ezethula umklamo ngaphansi kwemiphumela ehlukene, kodwa ngenjongo ethile, ngezansi sethula izigaba ezihlukene edlula kuzo. Ngokulandelayo, sizokwethula izigaba ezahlukahlukene ngezansi:
isigaba somkhathi
Njengoba abaningi bethu sebazi, lesi ngesinye sezigaba ezaziwa kakhulu noma ezaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke lezo esizozibalula. Manje, umoya-mpilo uyatholakala emkhathini futhi uzibonakalisa emoyeni. Yilokhu okubizwa noma okubizwa ngokuthi i-biogeochemical, okubhekisela ekujikelezeni komoya-mpilo endaweni yethu, yilokhu esivame ukuhogela izinto eziphilayo.
isigaba se-photosynthesis
Le nqubo yenziwa ezinye izinto eziphilayo, eziklanyelwe ukuguqulwa komoyampilo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zimunca izakhi ezithile ezisiza ukuba ziphile futhi ziqhubeke ziphila. Izitshalo yizinto eziphilayo ezivame kakhulu ezenza lo msebenzi wenoveli. Futhi ngokuthakazelisayo, laba banesibopho sokuguqulwa kwe-carbon dioxide, ngokushesha bakhulule umoya-mpilo odingekayo okhishwa endaweni ezungezile.
isigaba sokuphefumula
Lokhu kuhlobene ikakhulukazi nokuhogela kanye nokuphefumula komoya-mpilo, okubizwa nangokuthi yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo, ngokuqondene nokukhipha umoya, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-elementi ebizwa ngokuthi i-carbon dioxide ikhishwa, ezocutshungulwa kamuva, futhi futhi. , inikeza imisoco ethile ezitshalweni. Le nqubo iyisici ngempela futhi ibalulekile, ngoba ngayo ukuxhumana okukhulu phakathi komhlaba nathi kwenziwa.
isigaba sokubuya
Lokhu kwakha ingxenye yokugcina yomjikelezo, lapho ukubuyiselwa komoya-mpilo emkhathini kwenziwa kodwa njengomkhiqizo omoshekayo wokuphefumula kwethu, yilokhu okwaziwa ngokuthi inqubo yokubuya. Kumelwe sigcizelele ukuthi abaningi bethu bantu ngokuvamile abaqapheli ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwethu, ngoba kuyiqiniso elikhulu kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo elingavamile, umjikelezo wonke owenziwa kuphela ukwanelisa isidingo sethu somzimba njengokuphefumula. . .
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi namuhla kudingekile ukuba siqaphele izenzo zethu maqondana nemvelo. Njengoba abaningi bethu ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene benza umonakalo othile endaweni yethu, okubangela ukwehla kwezindawo ezithile zemvelo.
Kufanele futhi sigcizelele ukuthi umjikelezo we-oxygen udalwe kahle kakhulu, lapho namuhla futhi nsuku zonke sijabulela ilungelo lokuphefumula ngenxa yenqubo eyenzeka emvelweni yethu, futhi lokho kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yama-ejenti ahlukene afaka isandla emvelweni wethu. ukuthuthukiswa emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Singakhohlwa ukuthi i-oxygen ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokuphila emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuphila kwezidalwa eziphilayo bekungeke kwenzeke, kucatshangelwa ukuthi ngenxa yenqubo emangalisayo, namuhla sijabulela ukujabulisa ngokwemvelo. ukuphila.
Siqokomise ngokuqondile isici ngasinye esichaza umjikelezo we-biogeochemical, futhi asiphethanga nje ngokuthi ukubaluleka kwawo kulele ekuthuthukisweni kwawo, kodwa futhi nokuthi kudingekile futhi kubaluleke kangakanani ezintweni eziphilayo ngokujwayelekile, lapho izinhloso ezithile futhi ngokulandelayo uhlobo oluthile. ye-multicycle isetshenziswa, njengoba lokhu kuyinqubo ehambisana nezakhi ezihlukahlukene.
Kahle kakhulu, sesiyivezile imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nomjikelezo komoyampilo, nokho-ke ezinye izici zishoda esizozithuthukisa ezigabeni ezilandelayo ukuze ngale ndlela uthole ulwazi oluningi oluphelele mayelana nalo mjikelezo wemvelo othokozisayo.
Ezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihilelekile kule nqubo
Ngaphezu kwezitshalo, kunezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifaka isandla engxenyeni encane yomjikelezo we-oxygen, ngezansi sizobonisa ezinye zezici zabo:
i-autotrophic organisms
Mhlawumbe awukaze uzwe leli gama, lapha sizochaza ukuthi liquketheni, lezi zidalwa zivame ukubhekelela ukuhlanganisa ngayinye yezinto okungenzeka ukuthi i-inorganic, ikwazi ukuyiguqula ibe imisoco ethile ukuze zimunce ngale ndlela, lezi zinto eziphilayo ngokuvamile azinaso isidingo sokuphila sezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze ziphile. Phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sigaba singabala:
- Amanzi asolwandle
- Izimila
- Amagciwane
Lezi zidalwa zivame ukubizwa ngale ndlela ngenxa yokuthi zinamandla okukhiqiza ukudla kwazo, okuvela ekucutshungulweni kwezinto ezithile ezingaphili ngokuphelele eziziguqule kamuva ukuze zizisebenzise. Ngokulandelayo, lezi zinto eziphilayo eziyinkimbinkimbi zivame ngisho nokuthuthukisa isisindo sazo, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-dioksidi, lapho ezinye izakhi zemvelo nazo zibandakanyeka ngokusobala.
Izinto eziphilayo ze-Heterotrophic
Ngokwengxenye yabo, izinto eziphilayo ze-heterotrophic zihluke ngokuphelele kulabo okukhulunywe ngenhla. Laba abanalo ikhono lokufeza ukukhiqizwa kokudla, kunalokho, bavame ukudla kwezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngokuyinhloko ukudla kuvela ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane.
Kulokhu kuhlukaniswa sithola abantu, bephelezelwa izilwane, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezingama-parasitic kanye nesikhunta. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lokhu kumelela umbuso ohlukahlukene futhi obanzi ngempela, njengoba kunezidalwa eziningi ezingenawo amandla okukhiqiza ukudla kwazo.
Ngokuvamile lezi zihlukaniswa zibe izici ezihlukene, njengoba lezo ezilawula umzila womthombo wamandla ngokunqunywa kwamakhemikhali, phakathi kwalezo eziwela ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba sithola abantu kanye nombuso wesikhunta, okungukuthi, isikhunta. Kukhona futhi indaba yalezo zidalwa ezisebenzisa ukukhanya njengensiza eguquguqukayo ukuze ziziphilise, njengoba kunjalo namagciwane athile.
Okokugcina, kukhona umehluko ohlukahlukene phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nabanye, abanye banesibopho sokukhiqiza ukudla kwabo ukuze baphile, kuyindaba ye-autotrophs, esebenzisa ngisho ne-carbon dioxide ukuze ivuselele, okungukuthi, iguqule izinhlanganisela zabo ze-inorganic ukuze zifinyelele ukuhlala kwazo iplanethi. Nakuba izidalwa ze-heterotrophic zingenawo amandla afanayo, njengoba zifuna kuphela izidingo ezithile okufanele zaneliswe ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Zombili izindlela zemvelo zisebenza ngokuphelele futhi ziyadingeka endaweni yethu, zonke zinezinga eliphakeme lokubaluleka, zinikeza indawo yethu izindlela ezithile ezifaka isandla kakhulu ezinqubweni zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ezidingwa yiplanethi. Zombili zibaluleke ngempela njengoba zenza imisebenzi ethile ngaphakathi kwezinqubo zethu zemvelo nezinqubo.
Ukubaluleka komjikelezo komoyampilo
Ukubaluleka komoyampilo kuyiphuzu, njengoba abaningi bethu sazi, linomthelela omkhulu, ngenxa yesidingo izidalwa eziphilayo ezinaso mayelana nokuba khona kwethu, njengoba ngaphandle komoyampilo besingeke siphile ngokwemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, emigqeni elandelayo sizobe sandisa ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokubaluleka komoya-mpilo ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ubalulekile.
Ukubaluleka komoyampilo kusukela ekukwazini umjikelezo ukuziphindaphinda ngokushesha, kuze kube phakade kwazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ebusweni bomhlaba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nqubo iyamangalisa ngempela, njengoba ngokuphindaphindiwe, abantu, futhi izilwane, ziqhubeka ziphefumula, okungukuthi, zikhipha isikhutha.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, izitshalo ezifeza inqubo ye-photosynthesis empeleni aziyeki ukusebenza nokucubungula isici esishiwo ukuze nazo zondle futhi zisisize ngokukhiqiza amanani adingekayo omoya-mpilo emhlabeni wonke, ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho, bekuyoba nezinhlobonhlobo. Izinkinga zemvelo.
Iziphetho
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izitshalo nazo zinezinzuzo eziningi ngenxa yale nqubo noma umjikelezo, noma kunjalo, lezi zibhekwa ngaphezu kwanoma yini abakhiqizi be-oksijeni, yingakho kufanele sifunde nsuku zonke futhi sibambe iqhaza ekulondolozweni kwezitshalo, ukusiza ukugcina izindawo eziluhlaza. , kucatshangelwa ukuthi namuhla ngokwengeziwe Ukuwohloka kwemvelo ijwayele ukuba nomthelela obonakalayo ezinqubweni zemvelo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izitshalo zaklanywa futhi zadalelwa ukukhiqizwa kanye nokunikela komjikelezo we-oksijini ngendlela eqhubekayo, nokho-ke, nazo zidinga ukondliwa ukuze lapho izidingo zazo sezihlangatshezwane nazo, zikwazi ukuqedela umjikelezo we-oksijeni wemvelo, lokhu. nge-photosynthesis. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izinqubo zenziwa, ezithinta umkhathi, bese kuthi i-lithosphere.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi umoya-mpilo uyadingeka ngokuphelele ukuze ezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali kanye nezinqubo zebhayoloji zenziwe ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kuyadingeka ukuqaphela ukuthi umoya-mpilo unesenzo esinqumayo ongqimbeni lwethu lwe-ozone, lo mphumela uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhathi wethu uvikelekile kweminye imisebe ekhishwa yilanga, futhi lokho kungase kubangele umonakalo omkhulu endaweni yethu.
Ngokwengxenye yalo, inani lelanga esilijabulela nsuku zonke liyadingeka, futhi lokho okuvunyelwe kuphela noma okunikezwe ukufinyelela kokukhanya, ngaphandle kwalokho imisebe yelanga izoba miningi, noma kunjalo, uma imisebe yelanga ilinganiselwe kakhulu iplanethi izoba kakhulu. kubanda. Lokhu kusitshela ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga kunembile ngokuphelele futhi kuphumelele kakhulu.
I-oksijeni ayibalulekile nje kuphela kubantu, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinto eziphilayo nazo zivame ukuzuza kakhulu kuwo. Sihlenga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi isinika khona ukuthi ingasivumeli nje kuphela ukuthi siphefumule, kodwa ngenxa yezakhi ezahlukene ezihambisana nayo, umjikelezo wayo uba nokwenzeka ngokuyikho futhi uphumelele ngokwandayo.
Sifinyelele ekupheleni kokuthunyelwe kwethu, sithemba ukuthi ukwazile ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nezici zomjikelezo we-oksijeni, nathi, sibuyekeze izakhi ezihambisana nayo, okwenza kucace ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kusebenza ngokuphelele futhi ngokushesha .