Izihlahla ziyizidalwa eziphilayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu ukuze zigcine ukukhula kwazo zisesimweni esihle. Okunye kwalokhu kunakekela kuhlobene nokuThena Izihlahla, okuwumsebenzi kwabaningi ongaba yinkimbinkimbi, nokho, akunjalo futhi kufanele ulandele uchungechunge lwemiyalelo. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda konke mayelana nalesi sihloko nokunye. Qhubeka ufunda.
Ukuthena izihlahla
Umthetho ojwayelekile okufanele ulandelwe lapho kunqunywa izihlahla nezinye izinhlobo zama-conifers njengezihlahlana yilokhu: "Uma ungenaso isizathu esihle sokusika, ungenzi." Izihlahla eziningi nezihlahla zibunjwe ngokwemvelo futhi zingathuthuka futhi zibukeke kangcono uma zishiywe zodwa. Uhlobo ngalunye lwesihlahla lunesici salo noma umkhuba wokukhula, futhi lapho uthena, kufanele uzame ukugcina lo mkhuba. Nokho, kunezikhathi lapho kufanele kulandelwe ukulinganisa okufanele nezinqubo.
Ukuthena kungazithinta kanjani izihlahla?
Uma ukuthenwa kwezihlahla kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ukukhula kuqale, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqabunga onyaka olandelayo. Nokho, izodinga amanzi amancane kanye nezakhamzimba njengoba ukukhula komqhele kuncipha. Ngokulandelayo, ukunakwa okuseduze kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ohlelweni lwempande oluqinile olungezansi, oluhlinzeka ngomqhele oncishisiwe, ophumela ekubeni amahlumela aqinile, amnandi, akhula ngokushesha.
Lo mphumela ovuselelayo ukhona kuso sonke isihlahla, kodwa ubonakala ikakhulukazi emagatsheni anqunywe kanzima kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho kuthenwa igatsha, amahlumela amasha avela eduze nokusikiwe. Amahlumela amasha ngokuvamile akhulela ohlangothini olufanayo namahlumela anama-spiky. Ngakho, ihlumela phakathi kwegatsha liyokhula liye phakathi nesihlahla, futhi ihlumela elibheke ngaphandle liyokhula lisuke phakathi kwesihlahla.
Kungani kufanele kwenziwe izihlahla
Izizathu zokwenza ukuthenwa kwezihlahla zihlukahlukene, ezinye zazo zichazwe ngezansi:
- Uma ukwenza ngesikhathi sokutshala, ngokushesha ngemva kokutshala, imiqhele kufanele inqunywe ukuze kunxephezele ukulahlekelwa kwezimpande futhi iqale ukwakha isihlahla. Lokhu akufanele kudlule ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokukhula okuphelele kwesitshalo.
- Mayelana nokuqeqeshwa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe isakhiwo esiqinile sokumelana nomoya, isihlahla kufanele sithenwe sibuyele emagatsheni ambalwa aqinile aqhelelene kahle ngenhla, ngaphansi naseduze kwesiqu. Nakuba uma ufuna ukunikeza umthunzi ngamagatsha aphuma esiqwini endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-1,6-2,4, kubalulekile ukuthena amagatsha aphansi.
- Ngokungcono, ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe isikhathi eside njengoba isihlahla sikhula. Ukwenza konke ngesikhathi esisodwa kungaholela esihlahleni esincane, esibuthakathaka esidinga umzamo. Uma uzothena yonke into ngesikhathi esisodwa, kungcono ukuthena amagatsha aphansi abe yiziqu ezimfushane. Lezi ziqu zizogcina zisusiwe.
- Uma kubhekwa isimo sempilo yesihlahla, kuhle ukwazi ukuthi sidinga ukuthenwa ukuze: susa amagatsha abuthakathaka aphuma esiqwini ngama-engeli abukhali, ngokuwela amagatsha noma endaweni efanayo emqheleni aqhudelana nawo ukuze asuse amagatsha anawo. balahlekelwe impilo eyanele ukuze bathuthukise ukubukeka kwabo futhi bavimbele ukungena kwezifo nokusabalala kwezinambuzane.
- Isebenza ekuvuseleleni izihlahla ezindala ngokuthena ingxenye ye-canopy yesihlahla, ukunciphisa indawo yamaqabunga okumele ihanjiswe yizimpande. Ukukhula okuqinile kubangela amagatsha asele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi kusiza ukwandisa ukujikeleza komoya esihlahleni kokubili ukuze kuzuze izihlahla nokwandisa ukugeleza komoya endaweni. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe kudlula esihlahleni, okuyinzuzo ekukhuleni kotshani ngaphansi.
- Okokugcina, amagatsha afile, aphukile, abuthakathaka, noma aphansi angase abe yingozi kubantu, ezimotweni, noma izakhiwo kufanele asuswe.
imishini yokusebenza
Lapho uthena izihlahla, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yekhwalithi enhle, njengoba lokhu kuqinisekisa umphumela wokugcina omuhle kakhulu. Amathuluzi okuthena ekhwalithi enhle enza umehluko lapho kunqunywa izihlahla nezihlahla. Into evamile esetshenziswa phakathi nale nqubo ukusika izihlahla, okungase kwenziwe ngesandla noma kugxunyekwe esigxotsheni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesaha lesandla kulawo maphethelo amakhulu.
Khumbula ukuthi ama-chainsaws ayashesha futhi asebenza kahle, kodwa awasikeki kahle, okuholela ekupholekeni kwenxeba kancane. Futhi, kufanele ucabangele izinhlobo zokugunda, njengoba i-bypass ingcono kakhulu kumagatsha amancane futhi yenza ukusikeka okuhlanzekile kunenguqulo ye-anvil-action. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhle futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi amasaha okuthena izihlahla ahlangene futhi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthenwa okujulile ezindaweni ezivalekile.
Inqubo ezihlahleni ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza
Ngokuvamile, izihlahla ezinamaqabunga nezihlahla kufanele zithenwe lapho zilele, okungcono ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi nje kokukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuphulukiswa kwesilonda kuzoqala cishe ngokushesha futhi kuzoshesha. Ukuthena okungenzi lutho kuzoba nomthelela omncane ekukhuleni kwesihlahla kunokuthena lapho isihlahla sikhula. Enye inzuzo yokuthena okuthule ngezihlahla ezivuthulukayo ukuthi kulula ukukhetha ukuthi imaphi amagatsha okufanele uwasuse lapho amaqabunga esephelile.
Amagatsha afile kanye namagatsha angenawo amandla angathenwa maphakathi nehlobo, lapho kulula ukuwabona. Okuhlukile kumthetho wokuthena olele i-maple, i-birch, ne-elm, okufanele ithenwe lapho isikhule ngokugcwele phakathi nehlobo. Lapho zithenwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lezi zinhlobo zingalahlekelwa ubisi oluningi. Futhi, ukuthenwa kwe-maple ne-birch akufanele futhi kwenziwe sekwephuzile kakhulu ekwindla, njengoba amanxeba angeke abe nethuba lokuphola kuze kube ubusika.
Ngokuphambene, izinhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-elms akufanele zithenwe phakathi kuka-April 15 no-August 30 ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesifo se-Dutch elm. Lapho uthena izihlahla ezivuthuluka, yenza konke ukusikeka kusondele futhi kuhambisane nesiqu noma i-crotch yesihlahla. Noma kunjalo, uma ufuna ukugwema ukulimaza igatsha elikhulu noma isiqu lapho usika amagatsha amakhulu, kutuswa ukuthi usebenzise indlela yezinyathelo ezi-3 engezansi:
- Ukusikwa kokuqala kwenziwa phakathi kwegatsha, ibanga elifushane ukusuka esiqwini lapho linamathiselwe khona.
- Ukusika kwesibili kwenziwa kusukela phezulu kuya phansi, amasentimitha amabili kuya kwamathathu ukusuka egatsheni kusukela ekusikeni kokuqala. Isisindo segatsha sizobangela ukuthi lixege futhi liwe ngaphandle kokuphula amagxolo.
- Ukusika kwesithathu nokugcina kwenziwa eduze nesiqu ukuze ungashiyi ucezu. Lapho ususa amagatsha aphilayo noma afile, gwema ukusika izicubu ze-callus ezakheke phansi kwegatsha. Isihlahla ngeke sikwazi ukuphola kahle ngaphandle kwalesi zicubu ezikhula kahle.
Inqubo yokuthena ezihlahleni ezihlala ziluhlaza
Kulolu hlobo lwezitshalo, ukuthenwa okuncane kuyadingeka ezikhathini eziningi. Ngezinhloso zokuthena, izinhlobo ezimbili zezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ziyaqashelwa: lezo ezikhiqiza amagatsha awo ngama-whorl afana nespruce, uphayini, nefir (amaconifers), kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, izihlahla ezinjengojunipha nomsedari ezingabonisi umkhuba we-whorl. . Izihlahla eziningi eziseqenjini lokuqala zitshalwa njengezihlahla ezinesiqu esisodwa, okuzinikeza ukuma kwepyramidal.
Kulokhu, ukususwa kwawo wonke amagatsha kuzoshiya izikhala futhi kuyodingeka kwenziwe kuphela uma igatsha lifile noma ligula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo esetshenziswa kulezi zinhlobo noma ukuqoqwa kwezinhlobo zezihlahla ezihlala isikhathi eside kufanele kulinganiselwe ekunciphiseni ukukhula okusha emaphethelweni amagatsha. Uma le ndlela yokuthena yenziwa minyaka yonke, umphumela ungaba ukwanda okubonakalayo kokuminyana kwezihlahla.
Izikhonkwane
Kungcono ukuthena amaphayini amaningi phakathi noJuni ngaphambi kokuba athathe isimo sawo sekhoni esivamile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukukhula okusha kubonakala kukhanya. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umnqamulajuqu uncike onyakeni futhi ungase uhluke unyaka ngamunye. Uma la mahlumela abulalayo esethambile, anganqunywa abuyele kuhhafu noma ingxenye yesithathu yobude bawo. Lokhu kubusa ubude bokukhula okulandelayo kwaleyo sizini. Amahlumela amasha azovela ekugcineni kwenkathi yokukhula futhi ukukhula konyaka ozayo kuzosabalala kusuka kulawa maphuzu.
I-spruce ne-firs
Uma uzama ukusika ukukhula kwamahlumela, i-spruce inganqunywa ngokusika ihlumela eceleni ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe maphakathi noMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukukhula kuzoqhubeka kusukela kulokhu kuhlumela kuyo yonke isizini. Ukuthena okuminyene kulezi zinhlobo zezihlahla kwenziwa kangcono ngemva kokuba amaphuzu akhulayo enziwe made. Ukulawula ukukhula, hlehlisa uhhafu wentuthuko entsha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, njengoba nje isisabalele. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukuminyana kwezihlahla.
Umsedari kanye nomjunipha
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezinentuthuko ezivumela ukuba zibe nempilo ende, ngokukhula okubushelelezi, njengejuniper nemisedari, uchungechunge oluthile lokusikeka lungasetshenziswa kumahlumela amasha, mhlawumbe kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi, it. kuthiwa, phakathi nentwasahlobo noma uJuni. Ukuthena amagatsha aqine kakhulu kanye noma kabili ngesizini kuzosiza ukuthi isitshalo singakhuli noma sikhule ngaphandle kokulimaza ukubukeka kwaso kwemvelo.
Amagatsha etheminali alimele
Uma igatsha le-spruce elibulalayo noma likaphayini lonakaliswe nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi lidinga ukususwa, igatsha elihlangene kufanele libekwe esikhundleni salo. Igatsha eliqinile kufanele likhethwe emqheleni ongaphezulu futhi liboshwe ngokucophelela emgqeni njengomzila wesitimela. Cishe amasentimitha ayi-17 wamagatsha omqhele asele kufanele asikwe ukuze kuqondiswe ukukhula okwengeziwe ku-conductor omusha. Lapho abaholi ababili noma ngaphezulu bekhona, bonke kodwa abanamandla kufanele basuswe lapho isihlahla sisesincane.
Ukuthena ukuvikela insimu
Ukugunda ibhande lesihlalo kwenziwa ngezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko. Amagatsha afile, agulayo, noma alinyazwe isiphepho ayasuswa ngenxa yokuphepha, ukubukeka, nezizathu zokulawula izifo. Okwesibili, amagatsha aphazamisa izintambo zikagesi, ukusebenza kwemishini, noma abeka usongo empahleni kufanele asuswe. Ekugcineni, ukuthenwa kwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka kwebhande lesihlalo ngokususa ukumunca kanye nokuphazamisa noma ukusabalalisa amagatsha.
Ngokungafani nezihlahla zomthunzi, ezithenwayo ukuze kugcizelelwe ukuma kwazo, amagatsha aphansi amabhande okuvikela kufanele asuswe kuphela uma ukuminyana kwe-windbreak kudinga ukuguqulwa. Isikhathi esinconywayo sokuthena kusebusika noma entwasahlobo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kokutheleleka. Nokho, ekusebenzeni kungase kube lula ukuthena ekuphakameni kwehlobo, lapho izihlahla zigcwele amaqabunga, ukuze kutholakale kalula amagatsha afile noma abuthaka.
I-solstice yasehlobo nayo iyithuba lokugawula izihlahla ezifana ne-maple ne-birch. Kodwa-ke, ukuthena akufanele kwenziwe ekwindla sekwephuzile, njengoba izilonda azinalo ithuba lokuphola ngaphambi kobusika. Ukuthenwa kwamagatsha angenampilo kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka njengoba akuthinti izicubu eziphilayo. Lapho usika, hlola isihlahla ngaphambi kokuthena ukuze ukhethe amagatsha azosebenza njengesakhiwo esikhulu sesihlahla. Yenza konke ukusikeka kuqine futhi kuhambisane ne-torso.
Lapho usika izingxenye ezinezifo, susa okungenani ama-intshi angu-6 ezimpawu zesifo, ngokuvamile okusho ukubuyela emuva egatsheni elihlangothini eliphilayo noma isiqu sesihlahla. Ukuze ugweme ukulimaza igatsha eliyinhloko noma i-trunk lapho usika amagatsha amakhulu, kunconywa okulandelayo: Ukusika kokuqala kwenziwa ingxenye ngegatsha elingezansi, ibanga elifushane ukusuka egatsheni noma isiqu lapho kuhlanganiswe khona. Ngemuva kwalokho kwenziwa kusuka phezulu kuya phansi, ama-intshi angu-2-3 ngaphezu kwegatsha. Isisindo segatsha senza ukuthi lixege futhi liwe ngaphandle kokuphuka amagxolo.
Okokugcina, kwenziwa ngokushintshashintsha okunengqondo ngesitho noma umzimba ukugwema ukushiya ucezu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukugwema ukusika izitho noma isiqu sakho. Ukushiya indawo encane iveziwe kungavumela ukusikwa ukuthi kuphole ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi lapho ususa amagatsha afile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ungasindi izicubu ze-callus ezakheke phansi kwegatsha ngendlela yokuthi izicubu eziphilayo zingabonakali.
Qiniseka ukuthi amathuluzi asesimweni esihle ukuze uthole ukusikeka okuhlanzekile, okubukhali. Lapho ususa izinto ezinesifo, amathuluzi kufanele abulawe amagciwane kusixazululo se-Javex noma sotshwala phakathi kokusikwa ngakunye. Kuhle futhi ukwazi ukuthi ukubopha amanxeba esihlahla kuyindaba eyimpikiswano. Nakuba amabhandeshi evikela ukungena kwamanzi, izifo, nezinambuzane, aphinde avimbele inqubo yokuphulukisa.
Uma isetshenziswa, kutholwa omunye wemikhiqizo eminingi yohwebo. Ungasebenzisi imibala ejwayelekile. Ukuthenwa kwesondlo kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ukuma kwemvelo kwesihlahla kungalandelelwa noma kubuyiselwe ngenkathi kususwa amagatsha afile, aphethwe yizifo, aphukile nawelayo. Susa kuphela okudingekayo ukuze ugcine amabhande ezihlalo elingana kuwo wonke amazinga. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukhiphe ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-25 amandla okukhiqiza isihlahla ngesizini eyodwa.
Ukuthenwa kwezihlahla ukulungisa umonakalo weqhwa
Iqhwa neqhwa eliningi lingalimaza zonke izinhlobo zezihlahla ezitholiwe. Ngeshwa, ngaphambi kokuba kufike iziphepho, kuncane okungenziwa ukuvimbela umonakalo. Nokho, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ngokuvamile izihlahla ezilimele zingabuyiselwa. Izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ngokuvamile zisengozini yokulimala yiqhwa neqhwa kunezinye. Izingodo eziqinile ezithambile, eziphukayo njengeManitoba maple, i-Siberian elm, i-poplar, i-birch, nomzanele zingalinyazwa kakhulu iqhwa neqhwa.
Izihlahla ze-Coniferous azijwayele ukulimala; nokho, izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezikhula kancane, ezineziqu eziningi, njengejuniper, zivame ukuqhekeka noma zisakazeke ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa. Uma kunenqwaba yeqhwa neqhwa emagatsheni ezihlahla, izinyathelo eziningana zingathathwa ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo. Ngenxa yokuthi amaqhwa angahlanganisa isisindo esiphindwe izikhathi ezingu-40 kwegatsha, ukususwa kweqhwa okungafanele noma iqhwa kuvame ukwandisa umonakalo.
Amagatsha agcwele iqhwa kufanele asekelwe ngezinto ezifanele futhi avimbele iqhwa ukuthi lingawi emagatsheni lapho lingaphuka khona. Iqhwa lingasuswa ngokucophelela uma lingashisi emagatsheni. Uma umonakalo wenzekile, izihlahla kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umonakalo ungakanani. Uma umonakalo ungemkhulu futhi isihlahla sifanele ukuhlengwa, ukuthenwa okufanele noma ukulungiswa kwezihlahla ezithintekile kufanele kwenziwe.
I-crotch ehlukanisiwe ingaboshelwa futhi ibanjwe endaweni yayo ngekhebula elisuka ku-torso ukuya esithweni. Ukuze uqhubeke nokuqinisa ukulungiswa, izikulufu ezinama-washer kufanele zifakwe endaweni yegebe njalo ngamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili eduze kwegebe. Uma ukulimala kweqhwa neqhwa kuvame endaweni yangakini, kungase kube nengqondo ukucabangela ukuthenwa okuvimbela izihlahla zesampula zekhwalithi enhle. Kodwa-ke, uma uthola amagatsha anezitho ezibuthakathaka noma ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yezifo noma izinambuzane, lolu hlobo lokuthena luyadingeka.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko sokunqunywa kwesihlahla futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ungabheka izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: