I-Cyber ​​​​Security: Kuyini futhi kwenziwa kanjani?

Funda kuso sonke lesi sihloko, njenge ukuphepha kwe-cyber isibe umgogodla wezobuchwepheshe wezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha emhlabeni jikelele.

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Ukuvikelwa komhlaba we-cyber

Ukuphepha kwe-Cyber: Ukuvikela imininingwane

Ukuphepha kwamakhompiyutha, ukuphepha ku-inthanethi noma ukuvikeleka ku-inthanethi nje, kuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwedatha nezinhlelo ezibalulekile zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe obunjengamakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amafu.

Ngokuvamile, i-cybersecurity inesibopho sokuvikela ulwazi olubalulekile (isofthiwe, amanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, amafayela, njll.) oluqukethwe ohlelweni lwekhompyutha, kusukela ekuhlaselweni kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olulimaza amasistimu nabasebenzisi.

Ihlukile "ekuvikelekeni kolwazi" ngoba igxile kudatha egcinwe kumidiya yekhompyutha, kuyilapho, ukukhuluma ngokuvikeleka kolwazi, kufanele sibhekisele kubumfihlo bomuntu ngamunye.

Ukunciphisa ubungozi kwingqalasizinda yekhompuyutha noma ulwazi, ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kuvumela ukusungulwa kwemihlahlandlela efana nemikhawulo noma izivumelwano, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa kwazo.

Inhloso eyinhloko yalobu buchwepheshe ukuvikela ingqalasizinda yekhompiyutha, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nokulindela noma yikuphi okwenzekayo (ukwehluleka, ukuphela kukagesi, ukucekelwa phansi, phakathi kokunye) okuthinta amasistimu ekhompyutha.

Ukuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda, nakho, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bayisebenzise ngokuphepha nangaphandle kokulimala olwazini olusetshenziswayo, olugqamayo njengento eyinhloko yokuphepha ku-inthanethi.

Uma ufuna ukufunda mayelana nefu nokuthi ungalivikela kanjani, hamba kusixhumanisi esilandelayo futhi ube uchwepheshe: Ukuphepha efwini Kuyini?Kusebenza kanjani? Futhi nokuningi.

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Izinsongo

Izinto eziyingozi ezithinta idatha aziveli kuphela kumsebenzi wezisetshenziswa noma izinhlelo ezizilawulayo.

Kukhona ezinye izinsongo ngale kwekhompyutha, ezinye azikwazi ukubonwa kusengaphambili. Kulezi zimo, ukwakheka kwamanethiwekhi ekhompiyutha lapho kwabelwa khona ulwazi kuyinketho yokuvikela engcono kakhulu.

Izimbangela zezinsongo

Abasebenzisi

Ziyimbangela eyinhloko yamaphutha okuvikela okwenzeka kumadivayisi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokugunyazwa okungafanele okungakhawuleli izenzo emisebenzini lapho abasebenzisi okungafanele babambe iqhaza.

izinhlelo ezinonya

Lawa mafayela athuthukiswa ngenjongo yokufaka amakhompyutha ngokungemthetho, ngaphandle kwemvume yomsebenzisi noma inhlangano, ukufinyelela ulwazi olugciniwe futhi alulungise.

Izinhlelo ezinonya zibizwa nge-malware, ezaziwa kakhulu yilezi: ama-software noma amagciwane ekhompyutha, ibhomu elinengqondo, i-Trojan, i-spyware, phakathi kwezinye.

amaphutha wokuhlela

Amaphutha okuhlelwa avela ngenxa yokukhohliswa kwezinhlelo ngabantu abaphethe ukwephulwa kwezinhlelo zokuphepha, ezaziwa kangcono ngokuthi ama-crackers.

Njengomgomo oyinhloko, ama-crackers athola amakhompyutha ukuthi aziphathe ngendlela ayifunayo, alimaza kokubili idivayisi nabasebenzisi.

Kwesinye isikhathi, izinhlelo ziba namaphutha aqhamuka ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwazo, lokhu kuphinde kubeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwamadivayisi. Ukuvimbela lokhu kwehluleka, izinkampani zikhulula izibuyekezo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigciniwe ngezikhathi ezithile.

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Izigebengu

Bangabantu abazinikele ekwephuleni ukuphepha kwezinhlelo zekhompiyutha, abalawula ukufinyelela kulwazi olugciniwe ngaphandle kokugunyazwa. Abaziwa kakhulu ngabaduni nama-crackers.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubunjiniyela bezenhlalo busetshenziswa abantu abathi, nge-inthanethi noma omakhalekhukhwini, bakhohlise abasebenzisi ukuthi banikeze idatha edingekayo ukuze bafinyelele ulwazi lwabo oluyimfihlo.

Izimangalo

Ingozi umcimbi oyinhlanhla obangela ukulahleka kwengxenye noma okuphelele kwedatha egcinwe kumadivayisi esitoreji futhi igadiwe ukuphepha kwe-cybersecurity.

Abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe

Uma sikhuluma ngabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe, sisho abantu abasebenza ukuze baqinisekise ukuvikeleka ku-inthanethi kwamakhompyutha. Abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe bangacekela phansi uhlelo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo, ukungezwani kwezabasebenzi, ubunhloli noma ukuxoshwa.

Izinhlobo zezinsongo

Nakuba izinsongo zingahlanganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene, okwamanje kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlasela: ngemvelaphi, ngomphumela, ngezindlela ezisetshenzisiwe.

Izinsongo ezivela emsuka

Ngokusho kwe-Computer Security Institute (CSI), phakathi kuka-60 no-80% wokuhlaselwa kwemishini yokugcina impahla kuvela ngaphakathi, okungukuthi, kubo ngokwabo.

Izinsongo zangaphakathi zibeka ingozi enkulu ngoba zingakwazi ukufinyelela ngokuqondile kudatha ekhomba izindawo zolwazi olubalulekile lwenhlangano, njengamaphrojekthi ayo amakhulu azayo.

Kulokhu okungenhla, kufanele sengeze iqiniso lokuthi izinhlelo zokuvimbela ukungena aziklanyelwe ukuphendula izinsongo zangaphakathi kodwa ezingaphandle.

Izinsongo zangaphandle zenzeka lapho umhlaseli enquma ukushintsha indlela inethiwekhi esebenza ngayo ukuze athole futhi antshontshe idatha. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka uma kusungulwa uxhumano lwesistimu yangaphandle.

Izinsongo ngenxa yomphumela

Sibiza izinsongo ngomphumela, lezo eziqoqwe ngokwezinga lokuwohloka noma umonakalo odalwe ohlelweni. Ukwebiwa noma ukucekelwa phansi kolwazi, ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kwesistimu noma ukukhwabanisa kuyizibonelo zalolu hlobo lokuhlasela.

Izinsongo ngendlela esetshenziswayo

Singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinsongo ngokwendlela umhlaseli azikhiqiza ngayo. Ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba sibeka uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi (amaqhinga afuna ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi), ubunjiniyela bomphakathi kanye nokunqatshelwa kokuhlaselwa kwesevisi.

Usongo lwekhompyutha lwesikhathi esizayo

Ezinsukwini zamanje, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuvumele ukuthuthukiswa okubanzi kwewebhu ye-semantic, ngaleyo ndlela kuvuse intshisekelo yabahlaseli be-inthanethi.

Nge-Web 3.0, amadivaysi akwazile ukuqonda incazelo yamakhasi eWebhu, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa njengendlela yokwenza ukutholwa kolwazi kube kwesimanje.

Kungenxa yalokhu okushiwo ngenhla ukuthi abahlaseli besimanje bagxile emizamweni yabo ekuguquleni okuqukethwe okubonakalayo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu kuhlasela, gwema ukulanda izinanyathiselwa ezisolisayo, usebenzisa amakhompyutha athembekile, njll.

Ukuhlaziywa kwengozi

Ukuhlaziya ubungozi kuhlanganisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa amasistimu ekhompuyutha kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi anezilawuli ezidingekayo ukuze kutholakale ubungozi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziya ubungozi kuhlanganisa ukubalwa kwamathuba okuthi usongo luzovela, kanye nomthelela oluzoba nalo ohlelweni.

Ngokufanelekile, izilawuli ezikhethiwe ukubhekana nezingozi kufanele zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zisekele ukuphepha kwedatha.

Izingozi ezikhonjiwe, izibalo, izilawuli ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nemiphumela zirekhodwa kudokhumenti ebizwa ngokuthi i-Risk Matrix, evumela ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo elandelwayo ukuze kuqedwe usongo.

Ukuhlaziywa komthelela webhizinisi

Kuqukethe ukunquma inani lesistimu ngayinye kanye nolwazi oluqukethwe kuyo. Lawa manani anikezwa ngokuya ngomthelela amaqembu anawo ebhizinisini.

Amanani yilawa: ubumfihlo, ubuqotho kanye nokutholakala. Isistimu kufanele ibe nenani eliphansi elilodwa (isibonelo, ubuqotho obuphansi) kanye nezinye ezimbili eziphezulu (imfihlo ephezulu nokutholakala) noma zonke ezintathu ziphakeme ukuze kubhekwe njengokwethembekile.

Inqubomgomo yezokuphepha

Izinqubomgomo zokuphepha zilawula amalungelo abasebenzisi nezinkampani ukuze bathole ulwazi, ngaphezu kokusungula izindlela zokulawula eziqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwalezi zinqubomgomo yizinhlangano.

Izinhlangano kufanele zibe namazinga alawula izinsizakalo zazo. Futhi, bayelulekwa ukuthi babe nezinhlelo ezithuthukiswe kahle zokusabela ngesikhathi kunoma yikuphi usongo.

Ukuze sithuthukise inqubomgomo yezokuphepha, sidinga abaphathi be-IT, njengoba kuyibo abalwazi ngokujulile uhlelo futhi basungule ukuxhumana phakathi kwabaphathi nabasebenzi.

Izindlela zokuphepha ze-Cyber

Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi anobunzima obukhulu, qapha inethiwekhi, ubethela imininingwane, ezinye zezenzo ezinconyiwe zokuvikela imininingwane.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izimvume zokufinyelela idatha zibe nomkhawulo ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, kanye nomkhawulo wokufinyelela okunjalo olwazini okungafanele abasebenzisi baluphathe.

Isipele

Kuhlanganisa ukukopisha ukwaziswa kwasekuqaleni okuqukethwe kudivayisi yekhompyutha ezosetshenziswa uma ilinyazwa isenzakalo esithile.

Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni kufanele ihlale njalo futhi iphephe, ivumele ukuvikelwa kolwazi kumasistimu ngaphandle kwaleyo esingethe idatha yoqobo.

Izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ukuphepha ku-inthanethi zingasebenzisa amasistimu aku-inthanethi, isofthiwe noma izisetshenziswa zokugcina zangaphandle ezifana nama-USB ukuze ziqinisekise ukuvikeleka kwengqalasizinda yazo yekhompyutha.

ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha isofthiwe eyingozi edala umonakalo ngamabomu kumasistimu ekhompyutha.

Amagciwane afaka amadivayisi abulawa ngokuvula uhlelo olulimele, ama-Trojan avumela isilawuli kude sekhompiyutha, ibhomu elinengqondo lisebenza lapho izimo ezithile zifinyelelwa, kanye ne-spyware isakaza ulwazi olubucayi.

Ukuvimbela amakhompyutha ukuthi alinyazwe yile khodi enonya, izinhlangano zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuvikelayo bokulwa ne-malware.

Namuhla, kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukuthola amakhompyutha angenayo i-antivirus, impumelelo yawo itholakala ekhonweni lawo lokuthola nokuqeda hhayi amagciwane kuphela kodwa nezinye izinhlobo ze-malware.

Enye indlela yokulondoloza izisetshenziswa zethu wukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesofthiwe efakiwe, kanye nokulawula ukufinyelela kuwebhu.

Uma ubheka ukwakha iseva yewebhu futhi ufuna ukuyivikela, kufanele uqale ukhethe ekufanelekela kakhulu umsebenzi owufunayo, chofoza isixhumanisi esilandelayo bese uthola yonke le mininingwane: Izici zeseva yewebhu: izinhlobo, nokunye okuningi.

Ukuvikeleka ngokomzimba kwezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha

Ukuvikeleka okuphathekayo kwamanethiwekhi kubhekisela kuzithiyo ezakhelwe ukuvimbela izinsongo ezinsizeni ezibalulekile zesistimu nedatha.

Ngokuvamile, izinkampani zigxila ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa okubangelwa izinhlelo noma imidiya ebonakalayo, zishiya eceleni ukuphepha ngokomzimba kwezinto zabo zokusebenza.

Umhlaseli angasebenzisa ubuthakathaka ekuvikelweni ngokomzimba ukuze angene endaweni ngokuqondile futhi akhiphe ulwazi noma idivayisi ayifunayo.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akubona abantu kuphela abangabangela ukulimala ngokomzimba. Imililo, ukuzamazama komhlaba noma izikhukhula yizibonelo zezinto ezibeka engcupheni izinhlelo.

Enye inketho yokulawula ukuthi ubani ongakwazi ukufinyelela amakhompuyutha kungaba ukubeka isifundi sekhadi esihlakaniphile esixhunywe ohlelweni oluqukethe ulwazi lokuvumela noma ukungavumeli umsebenzisi ukungena eminyango yamakamelo noma yamahhovisi.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa isifundi sekhadi, ukuthola unogada osele endaweni kunganikeza umsebenzi kanogada.

Ama-alamu athuthukiswa ukuze axwayise uma kwenzeka ukwebiwa, kukhona ngisho nezinhlelo zesimanje ezixhumana namaphoyisa ngokushesha ngemva kokubonakala kwesigameko.

Ngokuqondene nemicimbi yemvelo, yonke inhlangano kufanele ibe nezinhlelo zokucisha umlilo kanye nezicishamlilo ezivumela ukusabela okufika ngesikhathi uma kwenzeka umlilo.

Izinkampani zinesibopho sokunikeza abasebenzi bazo, okuhlanganisa nalabo abasendaweni ye-IT, ukuqeqeshwa kwezokuphepha komphakathi. Okungenani umuntu oyedwa noma ababili beyunithi ngayinye kufanele babe nolwazi oluyisisekelo oludingekayo ukuze babhekane nezimangalo.

Ukuthuthwa kwendle noma ukucisha

Ukuhlanzeka kuyinqubo ephusile yokususa imininingwane eyimfihlo, ukuze ingabuyiselwa.

Njengenqubo ebonakalayo, ihloselwe ukucekelwa phansi kwezisekelo noma okokusebenza, ukususa unomphela idatha egciniwe.

Esimweni lapho ulwazi oluzoqedwa lutholakala ephepheni, ukuxoshwa kwenziwa ngokushiswa noma ukuhlukaniswa.

hardware ethembekile

Sibiza ihadiwe, noma iyiphi idivayisi ebonakalayo eyingxenye yesakhiwo samakhompyutha. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezinokwethenjelwa yilezo ezikwazi ukusiza ukusetshenziswa kolwazi olukhethekile ngokuphepha.

Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zingahlaselwa ngokuqondile, okungukuthi, ngokuthinta nokuxhaphaza isakhiwo sayo somzimba noma izakhi zangaphakathi. Ngokufanayo, zingalimala ngokungaqondile ngemigudu eyimfihlo.

Ukuze i-hardware ithembeke ngempela, isofthiwe idinga ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele. Okwamanje, lawa madivayisi aklanyelwe ukumelana nokuhlaselwa ngokomzimba futhi athole ukuguqulwa okungagunyaziwe.

I-Cybersecurity: Ukuqoqwa kolwazi

Ukuqoqwa kolwazi kuyadingeka ekuhlukaniseni nasekuhlaziyeni idatha efanele. Kukhona amasistimu azinikele ngokukhethekile ekugadweni kolwazi kanye nezinhlelo eziluqukethe.

Eyokuqala ibizwa nge-Information Management System, enesibopho sokugcina isikhathi eside, yenza kube lula ukuxhumana kwedatha esetshenzisiwe.

Uhlelo lwesibili wuhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwemicimbi, olubhekele ukwengamela nokwazisa okwamanje, izimo ezingase zivele.

Ekugcineni, sithola uhlelo lokuphatha ulwazi nezehlakalo, inhlanganisela yalezi zinhlelo ezimbili ezishiwo ngenhla.

Izinhlangano ezisemthethweni

I-México

E-Mexico, baneqembu lochwepheshe bendawo yobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ababonakala ngokunikeza impendulo esheshayo ezinsongweni noma ekuhlaselweni kokuphepha kwesistimu. Iqembu laziwa nge-UNAM-CERT.

I-European Union

Yavulwa ngoJanuwari 11, 2013, i-European Cybercrime Centre (EC3) esizinze e-The Hague, yinhlangano ye-cybersecurity ehlangana namaphoyisa kulo lonke elaseYurophu ukuqeda ubugebengu be-inthanethi.

España

I-National Institute of Cybersecurity (INCIBE), engaphansi koMnyango Wezindaba Zomnotho Nokuguqulwa Kwedijithali, ingumuntu oyinhloko ophethe ukuphepha ku-inthanethi.

Lesi sikhungo seluleka izinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele, kanye nabaphathi bomphakathi baseSpain. Baphinde banikeze izinsizakalo zabo ezikhungweni zemfundo nokucwaninga kanye nezakhamuzi ezizimele.

Alemania

NgoFebhuwari 2011, uMnyango Wezangaphakathi WaseJalimane wanquma ukwethula Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvikela I-Cyber ​​​​, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa izithakazelo zaseJalimane okukhulunywa ngazo endaweni ebonakalayo.

Lesi sikhungo sihlose ukuvimbela kanye nokuqeda izinsongo zamakhompuyutha ezibhekiswe kwingqalasizinda yendawo, njengamasistimu okuphakelwa kwamanzi noma ugesi.

United States

I-Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) ifakwe ohlwini njengebhizinisi elibhekele ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kwezinhlelo zase-United States.

NgoMashi 2015, iSigele sagunyaza uMthetho Wolwazi Lokuvikeleka Kwe-Cyber ​​​​, owathuthukiswa ngenhloso yokuvuselela nokwenza ngcono ukuphepha ku-inthanethi, ngokudluliswa kolwazi phakathi kukahulumeni nezinkampani ze-IT.

Lo mthetho uvumela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukufinyelela kudatha esongelayo evela ezinkampanini ezinkulu nezincane. Ngokushaywa kwalo mthetho, uma kuba nokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi, izinkampani kudingeka zinikeze ulwazi lomuntu siqu kuma-ejensi kahulumeni.

Umthethosivivinywa omusha, i-Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities Identification and Notification Act, muva nje ufinyelele eSigele ngenjongo yokwethula izinhlinzeko ezintsha ezihambisana nokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi.

Ngalo mthethosivivinywa wakamuva, i-CISA izothola imvume yokufinyelela olwazini lwengqalasizinda kazwelonke ebalulekile, uma usongo seluphawuliwe.

Amathuba emisebenzi ye-Cyber ​​​​security

Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, isidingo samathuba ochwepheshe ahlobene nenkundla ye-cybersecurity siya ngokuya sikhula.

Kunabantu abaningi abanentshisekelo ekuvikelekeni kolwazi oluqukethwe ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha ezihlasela noma ezisabisayo njalo ezizama ukwephula.

Eminye yemisebenzi evame kakhulu ye-cybersecurity yilezi:

Abaphathi bezokuphepha benethiwekhi

  • Abaphathi besistimu yokuphepha
  • abakhi bezokuphepha
  • Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha nokuhlaziya ubungozi
  • Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha kolwazi
  • I-Cybersecurity instrumentation nonjiniyela bokulawula
  • Ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha
  • Ochwepheshe beCybersecurity

Uchwepheshe onekhono kufanele aphathe ulimi lwekhompiyutha kahle, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi abe nekhono lokuthuthukisa amasu noma izinhlelo zokuvikela izimo eziphuthumayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele idatha: I-Actualidad Blog
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.