Mfundisi, umshumayeli nomfundisi wamaBaptisti, namuhla sizokutshela ngempilo emangalisayo Billy Graham, umfundisi wevangeli owaqopha umlando futhi waba nethonya ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu zase-United States.
UBilly nendodana yakhe, uFranklin Graham.
UBilly Graham: Izinyathelo Zokuqala
Ngomhla ziyisi-7 kuLwezi, 1918, uWilliam Franklin Graham Jr., owaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi uBilly Graham, wazalelwa epulazini elizinikele ekukhiqizeni ubisi, eliseCharlotte, eNyakatho Carolina, e-USA.
Kusukela esemncane kakhulu, uGraham wethulwa eSontweni LaseHabe, isonto leReformed elidabuka eScotland, elibuswa izikhathi noma imihlangano eyakhiwa abameleli bomphakathi, ngokuvamile abadala.
Lapho ngo-1933, uMthetho Wokuvinjelwa ngaphakathi e-United States uphelelwa yisikhathi, uyise uWilliam Franklin Graham I, unquma ukumphoqa yena nodadewabo ukuba baphuze ubhiya kangangokuthi bobabili bagcina behlanza isiphuzo.
Leli qiniso laphawula ukuphila komfundisi kuze kube phakade, njengoba kwasho isiqalo sokuzithiya izidakamizwa notshwala okwathatha ukuphila kwakhe konke.
Ngonyaka ka-1934, lapho eneminyaka engu-16 kuphela ubudala, uBilly wanquma ukuguqukela evangelini noma okufanayo, waguqukela kuKristu. Leli qiniso lenzeka phakathi nochungechunge lwezenzakalo zokuvuselela ezenziwa uMoridekayi Hamu (umvangeli), olwenziwa endaweni yakubo yaseCharlotte.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uGraham wayehambele le micimbi, ekhuthazwa yisisebenzi epulazini lomndeni wakubo. Naphezu kokugwetshwa kwakhe, akazange avunyelwe ukujoyina iqembu lesonto lendawo lapho wonke amalungu ayesemasha.
Izifundo
Ngo-1936, waphothula eSharon High School futhi waqala uhambo lwakhe e-Bob Jones College, manje eyi-Bob Jones University, isikole sabavangeli esizimele.
Umfana wathatha isemester eyodwa kuphela kule nyuvesi, akakwazanga ukuzwana nomthetho amakilasi ayefundiswa ngawo, noma okwakuphathwa ngawo izimiso ezimisiwe.
UBob Jones Sr., umqondisi walesi sikhungo, weluleka uGraham izikhathi eziningana ukuba angaxoshwa, lensizwa yayikholelwa ukuthi lensizwa yayinezwi elikhangayo elalingase lisetshenziswe uNkulunkulu ngokwakhe ekudluliseleni isigijimi sayo.
ECleveland, lapho le nyuvesi yayise (futhi namanje) ikhona, wahlangana noMfundisi uCharley Young we-Eastport Bible Church, oqondisa futhi abe nomthelela uBilly ngalesi sikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.
Ngo-1937, wayefunda e-Trinity College, isikhungo seBhayibheli eFlorida, lapho ethi wathola khona "ucingo." Kodwa-ke, bekuzoba seWheaton College, ezinze e-Illinois, lapho ayezothweswa khona iziqu ngo-1943 njengesazi se-anthropologist.
Ngesikhathi ehlala kulesi sikole, yilapho ekwamukela ngokuqinile ukuthi iBhayibheli limelela izifiso zikaNkulunkulu (izwi likaNkulunkulu). UHenrietta Mears, umqondisi wezemfundo weFirst Presbyterian Church eHollywood, kuthiwa uye wathonya lesi sinqumo.
Umndeni
Ngawo lowo nyaka wokuthweswa kwakhe iziqu, ngo-1943, uGraham washada noRuth Bell, ahlangana naye emakilasini ngesikhathi ese-Wheaton. Kwaziqondanela nje ukuthi abazali bakaRuth babeyizithunywa zevangeli ezimbili zaseHabe ezazisabelweni eChina.
Umshado wenziwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili nje bethweswe iziqu futhi bagcina bethuthela endlini encane eBlue Ridge Mountains eklanywe nguRuth uqobo.
Kunomthetho owaziwa ngokuthi "The Billy Graham Rule", umthetho womuntu siqu owasungulwa uMfundisi wokuthi angabi yedwa nowesifazane ongeyena umkakhe, ngale ndlela wayecabanga ukugwema ukungezwani.
URuth noBilly babenezingane ezinhlanu, amantombazane amathathu, uVirginia "Gigi" Graham owazalwa ngo-1945, u-Anne Graham Lotz owazalwa ngo-1948 nomsunguli we-AnGeL Ministries, kanye noRuth Graham umsunguli kaRuth Graham & Friends (owazalwa ngo-1950).
Nakuba la madoda amabili, uFranklin Graham (b. 1952) umqondisi wenhlangano ezinikele ekusizeni amazwe ngamazwe, ebizwa ngokuthi iSamaritan's Purse kanye neBilly Graham Evangelical Association; kanye noNelson "Ned" Graham owazalwa ngo-1958, umfundisi we-East Gates International.
Umbhangqwana unabazukulu abangu-19 nabazukulu abangu-28, kuhlanganise nomunye wabazukulu, u-Tullian Tchividjian, ungumfundisi eCoral Ridge Presbyterian Church eFlorida. URuth Bell ushone ngoJuni 14, 2007 eneminyaka engama-87.
UMnyango
Ngenkathi esafunda ekolishi, wasebenza izikhathi ezimbalwa njengomfundisi e-United Gospel Tabernacle Church, eduze ne-alma mater yakhe.
Futhi, phakathi kuka-1943-1944, wakhonza njengomfundisi eSontweni Lasesigodini elise-Illinois. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lomsakazo lomngane wakhe uTorrey Johnson, owayengumfundisi eMidwest Bible Church eChicago, lwaludinga kakhulu uxhaso.
Ukuze angaluhoxisi lolu hlelo, uGraham wamela ibandla lakhe ukuze izinsiza zomnotho abazitholayo zisetshenziswe njengendlela yokuxhasa ngezimali.
UMfundisi waqala ukunakekela lolu hlelo, egcina igama lokuqala futhi waphinde walethula ngoJanuwari 2, 1944 noGeorge Beverly Shea njengomphathi wendawo yomsakazo.
Ngo-1945, wayeka ukuba yingxenye yohlelo lomsakazo ukuze kamuva, ngo-1947, abe ngumongameli weNorthwestern Bible College eMinnesota, eneminyaka engu-30, isikhundla asibamba kwaze kwaba ngu-1952.
Ekuqaleni, uBilly wayefisa ukuba umfundisi eMbuthweni Wezempi wezwe lakubo, kodwa lokhu kwakungenakwenzeka ngemva kokungenwa yimvukuzane. Ngemva kokululama, wasebenza njengomvangeli wokuqala enhlanganweni ethi Youth for Christ International (JPI), eyasungulwa nguCharles Templeton noTorrey Johnson.
Ngenxa yalesi sikhundla esisha, wakwazi ukuhambahamba kulo lonke elase-United States futhi abone izingxenye zeYurophu, nakuba ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwezenkolo kwakulinganiselwe kakhulu.
Ngemva kwalokhu, uCharles Templeton wazama ukuthonya uGraham ukuba athole iziqu eziphakeme zemfundiso yenkolo, kodwa lo mfundi wenqaba ukubhalisa kunoma yisiphi isikhungo.
Ukuvuka
Ngo-1949, uBilly waba isikhulu ezweni lezenkolo laseMelika, waziwa ngokuhlela imvuselelo eLos Angeles.
UWilliam Randolph Hearst, ubehlobene kakhulu nokuqashelwa umfundisi akuthola kulo mcimbi, njengoba intatheli ijube abahleli bephephandaba lakhe ukuthi balisekele futhi balisakaze.
U-Hearst wayecabanga ukuthi uBilly wayeyindoda ehloniphekile futhi ebabaza amandla akhe amakhulu okuphendula abantu abasha, ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekholelwa ukuthi ngaye, kwakungenzeka ukusabalalisa imibono ephikisana namakhomanisi kanye ne-conservative intatheli eyayinayo.
Ngenxa yokwesekwa ngu-Hearst, umkhankaso uthathe amasonto amahlanu isikhathi eside kunalokho obekuhleliwe, wathatha amasonto ayisishiyagalombili esewonke. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi la madoda amabili awakaze azane ngokoqobo.
Campañas
Ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe, wayezinikele ekuqashiseni izindawo, izinkundla, amapaki ngisho nemigwaqo yonke, wafika waqoqa abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezinhlanu ukuze bacule njengengxenye yekhwaya.
Uma eqeda ukushumayela ivangeli wayevame ukumema idlanzana elithile elaziwa ngokuthi ngababuzayo, ukuba beze ngaphambili bakhulume nomeluleki ozosusa konke ukungabaza, aphethe ngomthandazo.
Ngokuvamile, ababebuza babenencwajana eyayikhuluma ngezihloko zeBhayibheli noma ikhophi yeVangeli ngokwalo. Phakathi nale mikhankaso, i-NBC yanikeza umfundisi inkontileka yezigidi zamarandi, kodwa wayinqaba ukuqhubeka nohambo lwakhe.
Ukushumayela ivangeli akuwona umsebenzi olula, yingakho, njengoGraham, kufanele ucace ngokuthi kungani kufanele ukwenze, ngalokho siyakumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko esilandelayo: Shumayela ivangeli.
Ngemva kwendaba, ngo-1954, wayesesembozweni sikamagazini i-TIME. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngo-1957, waba nethuba lokuhola izimishini amasonto angu-16 eMadison Square Garden ebalulekile eNew York.
Ngo-1959, wenza umkhankaso wakhe wokuqala eLondon, lapho akwazi khona ukuhlala amasonto angu-12, ngenxa yodumo olubi aluthola kanye nempumelelo yemishini yakhe.
Billy Graham Evangelistic Association
Ngo-1950, uGraham unquma ukuthola i-Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, efushanisiwe i-AEBG, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ekuqaleni eyayizinze eMinneapolis, ngaphambi kokuthuthela e-Charlotte.
Ubambiswano luhlanganisa ukuvakasha okwaziwa ngokuthi i-Decision America Tour, ukusakazwa kwethelevishini, isiteshi esiku-SiriusXM, umagazini ngisho nethimba elisabela ngokushesha elinikeza ukwesekwa ezimeni zezinhlekelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Billy Graham Library kanye ne-Billy Graham Training Centre ziyingxenye yenhlangano. Ngo-2011, kwaqalwa inkonzo yevangeli eku-inthanethi, okuhloswe ngayo ukufinyelela kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba.
IHour of Decision, wuhlelo lomsakazo lwamasonto onke lwale nhlangano osekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu lusakazwa emoyeni, kusakazwa izinhlelo ezikhethekile nyanga zonke kumathelevishini aseMelika naseCanada, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingane zinesizindalwazi esingangena kuzo, iPassageway. .org.
Ngaphezu kwalokho osekushiwo, banengosi enyatheliswa emaphephandabeni amaningana e-United States ebizwa ngokuthi Impendulo Yami kanye nenkampani ekhiqiza ama-video ehlobene nenkonzo.
Amalungelo omphakathi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanga
Ekuqaleni kwemikhankaso yakhe, uGraham akazange anikeze ukubaluleka okukhulu kukho konke okuhlobene nokuhlukaniswa, weza ukuze ahlanganyele ezenzakalweni ezihlukanisiwe kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ngokuphakama kwezinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi, waqala ukukhuluma ezindaweni ezihlukanisiwe futhi kwezinye hhayi. .
Isikhundla sakhe kulezi zindaba sasiphikisana isikhathi esihle, isibonelo, ngo-1953, wasusa izintambo ezazihlukanisa umphakathi, kanti kwezinye izimo akazange azinake ngokuphelele le mininingwane.
Umfundisi waqinisekisa ukuthi iBhayibheli alikhulumi noma alinakho ukufaka isandla mayelana nokuhlukaniswa, lokhu ngaphambi kwe-"Brown Ruling" eyaziwayo ngokumelene nokucwaswa ngokobuhlanga ezikoleni.
Kungemva kwalesi sinqumo lapho uGraham aqala khona ukuphikisa kakhulu ukucwasa nokucwasana, waze waze wathi wayeba nemizwelo njalo lapho ebona abantu abamnyama nabamhlophe bebuthene ngaphambi kwesiphambano.
Ngo-1957, uBilly wamema uMartin Luther King Jr. ukuba ahlanganyele emkhankasweni wamasonto ayi-16 eNew York. Ngokufanayo, lapho inhlangano yamalungelo abantu iqala ngeminyaka yawo-60, uBilly wavuma ukuthumela ibheyili ukuze akhulule iNkosi.
Kuthe sekudlule lawo masonto angu-16 umphakathi owafika wazibonela lo mfundisi wanda, yingakho engafuni ukuzibandakanya nezindaba zokucwasa ngokwebala nepolitiki, wakhetha ukungaphinde abonakale neNkosi.
Esinye sezikhali zikaGraham ezinamandla kakhulu kwakuyizintshumayelo zakhe, lezo ezikwazi ukukhanga izigidi zabantu, ngakho-ke uma unesithakazelo kulesi sihloko, chofoza isixhumanisi esilandelayo futhi ufunde kabanzi ngaye. intshumayelo echazayo.
Billy Graham nepolitiki
Nakuba ekuqaleni ayengafuni ukuzihlanganisa nezombangazwe, uBilly wayengoweDemocratic Party futhi akazange avume ngokugcwele ukuthi lisho ukuthini ilungelo elingokwenkolo, njengoba kuye, uJesu wayengelona ilungu lanoma yiluphi uhlangothi lwezombangazwe.
Ngo-1979, wenqaba ukuhlanganyela kwakhe ku-Moral Majority, inhlangano ekholelwa kakhulu futhi eqinile kakhulu eyasungulwa nguMfundisi uJerry Falwell.
KuGraham, ngamazwi akhe "abavangeli abakwazi ukuhlobana ngokugcwele nanoma yiliphi iqembu noma umuntu ikakhulukazi." Umcabango kamfundisi wawukhuthaza ukushumayela kubantu banoma iyiphi ipolitiki.
Waze wavuma ukuthi akazange awulandele ngokwethembeka lo mbono ezikhathini ezidlule futhi wabonisa ukuthi wayezokwenza esikhathini esizayo. Kuye, ivangeli lafika kuqala kunakho konke, okungukuthi, ipolitiki yathatha indawo yesibili.
Umfundisi Womongameli BaseMelika
UBilly Graham wayengumfundisi abaningi bomongameli baseMelika ababethembele kuye ukuba aphathe izethameli zomuntu siqu. UHarry S. Truman wayengumongameli wokuqala ayexhumana naye.
Ngo-1950, phakathi nohulumeni walo mongameli, kanye nabanye abefundisi ababili, wavakashela i-Oval Office ukuze azwakalise ukukhathazeka kwakhe ngobukhomanisi obabukhungethe iNorth Korea.
Bephuma ehhovisi, abefundisi bavuma izicelo zabezindaba, bakhuluma kabanzi ngomhlangano baze baguqa ukuze bathathwe izithombe bekhuleka eWhite House.
Lawa maqiniso awazange amjabulise kakhulu uTruman, okuthiwa eminyakeni eminingi kamuva engxoxweni, wabhekisela kuGraham njenge-eccentric futhi wathi akazange asungule ubungane naye.
omongameli abasha
Ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokuqala, u-Graham wavakashela Ihhovisi Le-Oval njalo ngesikhathi sobumongameli buka-Eisenhower, ecela u-Eisenhower ukuthi anake icala le-Little Rock Nine.
Ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwakhe okuqhubekayo nezibalo zezombangazwe, phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uMfundisi uhlangana noRichard Nixon, owayenguMongameli wase-United States ngaleso sikhathi futhi owayezoba omunye wabangane bakhe abaseduze.
Ezikhathini ezimbalwa, weluleka abantu besimo sikaGerald Ford, uJimmy Carter, uBill Clinton, phakathi kwabanye. NgoJohn F. Kennedy kwakuhlukile, badlala igalofu ndawonye, kodwa isimo sikamongameli samaKatolika sasinqoba ubungane obungase bube khona.
Phakathi nomkhankaso wobumongameli wango-1960, uGraham weseka umngane wakhe omkhulu uNixon ukuthi awine umjaho ebhekene noKennedy. U-Nixon wayekholelwa ukuthi uMfundisi wayengadlala indima ebalulekile kwezombusazwe ukube wayekhethe le ndlela esikhundleni senkonzo.
Ngenxa yokuthi wayengumeluleki kaLyndon B. Johnson, ngobusuku bokugcina bukamongameli wahamba naye eWhite House, njengoba nje enza noNixon ngobusuku bakhe bokuqala njengomongameli.
Ngemva kokuwina ubumongameli ngo-1968, uGraham waba ngumeluleki kaNixon, ehlela futhi eqondisa eminye imikhosi yase-White House. Wayengaba inxusa kwa-Israyeli, kodwa umfundisi akazange asamukele leso sikhundla.
U-Nixon ubambe iqhaza komunye wemikhankaso kaBilly, waba umongameli wokuqala wase-US ukwethula inkulumo esiteji sobuvangeli. Ngemuva kwe-Watergate ngo-1970, ubudlelwano phakathi kwalaba bobabili baqhubeka bushubile, nokho, ngemuva kokusula kukamongameli, wavumela ukuthi ziphinde zimiswe.
Ngo-1952, waba nethuba lokunikeza inkonzo yokuqala yenkolo eCapitol, ikakhulukazi, ezitebhisini.
Reagan, Bush kanye no-Obama
Ngonyaka ka-1976, uGraham walaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa yenkinga yezempilo, ngaleso sikhathi wathola ucingo lomongameli abathathu, uFord, owayengumongameli obambile, uNixon (owayengumongameli) kanye noCarter, owayesanda kukhethwa.
U-Ronald Reagan wamema yena mathupha umfundisi ukuba eze ekugcotshweni kwakhe, ngendlela efanayo naleyo ahambele ngayo uGeorge HW Bush, wamphelezela ngezikhathi ezibalulekile njengasekuqaleni kweMpi YasePersian Gulf.
UBill Clinton naye wathonywa uBilly, evuma ukuthi weza ukuzothamela eminye imikhankaso yakhe emuva ngo-1959. Njengomfundisi, wayephethe umngcwabo kaLyndon B. Johnson (1973).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayephethe inkonzo yomngcwabo kaPat Nixon (owayengunkosikazi wokuqala) ngo-1993, ngemva konyaka wayiphinda indima emngcwabeni kaMongameli wangaphambili uNixon.
Ngo-2004, ukufakelwa inqulu kwakamuva kwamvimbela ukuthi aphathe izinkonzo zomngcwabo kaRonald Reagan, iqiniso elagqanyiswa nguBush ngesikhathi ekhuluma.
Ukwehla kwempilo kuphinde kwenza ukuthi uGraham angakwazi ukuphatha umngcwabo kaGerald R. Ford ngo-2007, kanye nokaLady Bird Johnson (owayengunkosikazi wokuqala) ngoJulayi wonyaka ofanayo.
Ngo-2010, wavakashelwa uBarack Obama emzini wakhe, naye ngaphandle kokubonisana ngemibono, wahlanganyela umkhuleko wangasese.
Inqubomgomo yangaphandle
UBilly Graham wayephikisana nezinqubomgomo zamakhomanisi, nokho, wabheka umholi wamakhomanisi waseNyakatho Korea uKim Il-sung njengomlweli wenkululeko yezwe lakhe, waze waphana izipho nendodana yalo mholi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayesekela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye neMpi YeVietnam, ngaphezu kwalokho, wayekholelwa ukuthi iMpi YaseGulf yayidingeka ukuze kuzuzwe "ukuthula okusha" kanye "nohlelo lwezwe elisha".
iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila
UGraham wayengumvangeli wokuqala uMfundisi owakhuluma ese-Iron Curtain, umngcele ophakathi kweNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye neMpumalanga Yurophu.
Isikhathi eside, wazinikela ekuhambeni emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseSoviet Union naseMpumalanga Yurophu, ukuze alethe amagama abiza ukuthula emhlabeni.
Ngezikhathi zobandlululo, ngezikhathi zobandlululo olunzima eNingizimu Afrika, wayengafuni ukuya kuleli kwaze kwaphela ukucwasa, kwaze kwaba ngowe-1973 lapho eqhuba khona umkhankaso wakhe wokuqala lapho futhi wakubeka kwacaca ukuphikisa kwakhe okwakwenzekile.
Yafika e-United Kingdom ngo-1984, yahlala ezinkundleni zemidlalo namahholo ukuze yenze imicimbi yayo. Yadonsa izixuku endleleni yayo idlula eSouth Korea naseChina (1988).
Ngo-1991, wahola umcimbi omkhulu kunayo yonke eCentral Park, enabahlanganyeli abalinganiselwa ku-250.000, waze wavakashela eNyakatho Korea ngo-1992.
Njengoba wayefuna ivangeli lifinyelele emhlabeni wonke, wenza umzamo wokuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa kwabavangeli abasha. Kwenye yalezi zingqungquthela zokuqeqesha, ihlanganise abantu abavela emazweni angaphezu kuka-157, okuyingqungquthela enabahlanganyeli abaningi bezizwe ezahlukene.
Ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula kwangoSepthemba 11, 2001, uGraham wenkonzo yomkhuleko eyayiseWashington National Cathedral, umcimbi owawuhanjelwe abantu baseMelika ababaluleke kakhulu njengoMongameli Bush uqobo.
Ngo-June 2005, waqala lokho, ngokwamazwi akhe, okwakuzoba “umkhankaso wakhe wokugcina” e-United States, umkhankaso owathatha izinsuku ezintathu.
Nokho, wabuya ngoMashi 2006 ukuzogubha uMkhosi Wethemba, eNew Orleans, ngemva kokuhlasela kweSiphepho uKatrina, umcimbi awuhola nendodana yakhe.
ukuwohloka kwempilo yakho
Ngenxa yokuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwempilo yakhe, uGraham unquma ukwenza umhlalaphansi wakhe usebenze. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wayehlushwa umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, i-hydrocephalus, inyumoniya nokuphuka kwenyonga.
Ngo-August 2005, eneminyaka engu-86 futhi ngosizo lomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo, wabeka itshe lokuqala emtatsheni wezincwadi owavulwa ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, endaweni yakubo yaseCharlotte.
Phakathi noMkhosi we-Maryland Metro Franklin Graham, owawuse-Oriole Park, wabamba iqhaza ngamazwi ambalwa ngo-2006. Ngo-2007, kwaphakama inkulumo-mpikiswano phakathi komndeni wakhe mayelana nokuthi iyiphi indawo engcono kakhulu yokungcwaba yena nomkakhe, uRuth.
Ngokusobala uGraham wayefuna ukungcwatshwa eduze komkakhe emtatsheni wezincwadi oqanjwe ngegama lakhe, kodwa indodana yakhe encane, uNed, ayizange ikubone kufanele.
UNed weseka izifiso zikanina zokungcwatshwa ezintabeni eduze kwase-Asheville, eNorth Carolina. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uFranklin wasekela umbono kayise wokungcwatshwa emtatsheni wezincwadi.
Ekugcineni, ngemva kokushona kukaRuth Graham ngo-2007, umndeni wabika ukuthi bobabili bazongcwatshwa emtatsheni wezincwadi. Ngo-August walo nyaka ofanayo, uGraham wangena esibhedlela ukuze eyokwelapha ukopha kwamathumbu, kodwa isimo sakhe sasihlala sizinzile.
izinkinga zempilo ezengeziwe
Ngo-2010, u-Billy Graham oneminyaka engu-91 ubudala onokuzwa okuthuthukile nokulahlekelwa ukubona uvela lapho kulungiswa umtapo wolwazi.
Ngemva konyaka, ngoMeyi 11, 2011, umfundisi ungeniswa esibhedlela sase-Asheville, kulandela inyumoniya engazange inyuke kusukela mhla ziyi-15 kuyo le nyanga aphuma kuyo.
Ngemva kokuzabalaza izikhathi eziningi ngezinkinga zakhe zempilo, ngoFebhuwari 21, 2018, uMfundisi uBilly Graham washonela emzini wakhe eneminyaka engu-99 ubudala, ethola ukuqashelwa kuMongameli uDonald Trump.
U-Graham washumayela ivangeli ezixukwini emhlabeni jikelele, wafinyelela izethameli ezifika ku-185 million ababambiqhaza emazweni angu-XNUMX, ifa lakhe elimangalisayo lisaphila emlandweni waseMelika namuhla.
Imiklomelo
Eminyakeni edlule, uMfundisi Graham ufakwe ezinhlwini ezihlukahlukene zabantu abaziwayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-United States.
Uvele kaningana ohlwini lwabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu beGallup Organisation, inkampani ezinikele ekuhlaziyeni nasekululekeni ngocwaningo, lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kuka-1950 no-1990.
Yona le nkampani yenza uhlu lwabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu izakhamuzi zaseMelika phakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX, lapho uBilly ekleliswe endaweni yesikhombisa.
Isikole samabanga aphezulu samaKhatholika, iBelmont Abbey College, samklomelisa ngo-1967, iziqu zokuhlonishwa ngomsebenzi wakhe, kwaba ngokokuqala ngqa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke nomuntu ongumProthestani.
Waphinde waklonyeliswa yiNgqungquthela YamaKristu NamaJuda ngo-1971 futhi waqashelwa iKomiti YamaJuda YaseMelika, ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzikhandla womfundisi wokuhlanganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaJuda namaKrestu.
Ikomiti yamklomelisa ngendondo yeNational Interfaith Award, ibheka uGraham njengomngane omkhulu nomngane wamaJuda, naphezu kokuba engumKristu.
Ngenkathi lezi zikhathi zidlula, eCharlotte, idolobha lakubo kamfundisi, usuku olukhethekile luqanjwe ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, uSuku lukaBilly Graham.
Umsebenzi wakhe enhlabathini yaseMelika kanye nasemhlabeni wonke esakaza amazwi evangeli, kanye nezenzo zakhe ezinhle, wazuza uGraham ukuhlonishwa okuphakeme kakhulu kwezakhamuzi e-United States, kuhlanganise neNdondo Kamongameli Yenkululeko evela kuReagan.
Ngokunjalo, wahlonishwa ngendondo yaseNorth Carolina ngomsebenzi wakhe womphakathi kwathi ngo-1996, owayengumongameli ngaleso sikhathi uBill Clinton kanye nomholi weSenethi uBob Dole bamuklomelisa ngendondo yegolide yeCongressional.
2000's
Ngonyaka ka-2000, uNancy Reagan wethula yena mathupha indondo ye-Ronald Reagan Freedom Award kuGraham. Ngaphezu kwe-Billy Graham Library, e-Charlotte nase-Asheville, kunemigwaqo emikhulu eqanjwe ngomfundisi.
Ngonyaka wezi-2001, ikakhulukazi ngoZibandlela, wathola ukuhlonishwa njengoMkhuzi Ohlonishwayo we-Honorary Knight we-Order of the British Empire, ngenxa yeminikelo engenziwanga nje empilweni yezenkolo kuphela kodwa nasempilweni yomphakathi iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha.
Wahlonishwa nge-Big Brother of the Year Award, i-Templeton Foundation Award for Progress in Religion, kanye ne-Sylvanus Thayer Award.
E-Asheville, kuneSikhungo Sezempilo Sezingane esiqanjwe ngaye futhi sixhaswa umndeni wakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, e-Alabama Baptist-Affiliated Samford University, kunesihlalo esiqanjwe ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe.
Kwenzeka okufanayo eSouthern Baptist Theological Seminary, indawo lapho, ngokungafani nobuprofesa, inesikole sonke esinegama elithi Billy Graham.
Kanjalo naseWheaton College, inyuvesi aphothula kuyo iziqu, iBilly Graham Center itholakala, indawo yesikhungo lapho imisebenzi eyenziwa umfundisi ngesikhathi sokufunda kwakhe.
UGraham unefilimu eyakhiwe ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, uBilly: The Early Years, eyakhishwa ngo-Okthoba 2008, okwathi ngokusho kwendodana yakhe yesine, uFranklin yayingakagunyazwa yiBilly Graham Evangelistic Association, kodwa lapho udadewabo uGigi Graham abambisana khona.
UBilly uthole inqwaba yeziqu zokuhlonishwa, ezingaphezu kuka-20 ukuba zibe ncamashi, futhi unenkanyezi kuHollywood Walk of Fame.
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, izenzo ezinhle zikaBilly Graham ezinganeni, ezenkolo, ezombangazwe kanye nokuthula ziyifa elikhulu kunawo wonke angalishiya emhlabeni futhi limele ngokusobala i-charisma, ubuntu nobuhlakani bendoda ephawule umlando.
Okokugcina, uma njengoGraham ufuna ukulandela imiklamo kaNkulunkulu, kubalulekile ukuthi umoya wakho ukhululeke, ngakho funda ukuthi ungakufeza kanjani ngesihloko esilandelayo: Inkululeko engokomoya.