I-Tití Monkey iyinkawu encane ehlala emahlathini anamaqabunga eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Kungokwemikhuba ye-diurnal futhi ikakhulukazi i-arboreal, ngoba ithanda amahlathi aminyene eduze namanzi. Kunomehluko omkhulu ngesisindo kanye nosayizi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zale mfene. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngale nkawu enelukuluku, ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda.
I-Titi Monkey
I-marmoset monkey iwuhlobo lwenkawu yasezindaweni ezishisayo etholakala eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu futhi yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-pocket monkey. I-Marmoset iyihlelo elivamile lezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkawu zaseMelika (platyrrhines), eziyingxenye yomndeni wakwaCallitrichidae.
I-callitrichidae (Callitrichidae) yakha umndeni wezilwane ezimhlonyane ezingama-platyrrhine ezihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu, ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-42 ezivame ukuqanjwa ngokuthi ama-marmoset nama-tamarin. (Callitrichinae) womndeni wakwaCebidae..
Ngaphezu kokuba ngenye yezilwane ezaziwa kakhulu futhi ezivame kakhulu, zibhekwa njengezikwazi kakhulu ukujwayela izinguquko ezibangelwa abantu endaweni yazo yemvelo. I-marmoset monkey iyisidalwa esinamandla amakhulu futhi kulula ukubhekana naso. Namuhla kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-40 zezinkawu ezincane, ezibizwa nangokuthi callitrichids noma ezinye izinhlobo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-tamarin.
Izici ze-Titi Monkey
Isisindo sama-marmosets siphakathi kwe-100 (C. pygmaea) kanye namagremu angu-800 (i-Loentopithecus), kanti ubude bomzimba wabo buphakathi kuka-13 (C. pygmaea) kanye namasentimitha angu-50 (Leontopithecus) futhi umsila wawo unweba cishe amasentimitha angu-15 noma angu-40. Ziveza ama-molars amabili ohlangothini ngalunye lomhlathi ongenhla (ngaphandle kwe-Callimico), ngakolunye uhlangothi umsila wazo awuwona u-prehensile futhi zinezithupha eziphikiswayo.
Ziyizidalwa ezincane, ezinoboya obuthambile, obusilika; ezinye izinhlobo zinezinwele ezinde ezindlebeni nasezihlathini. Uboya bayo bunombala omnyama nomhlophe, ikhanda layo libonisa ukuma okuyindilinga. Amazinyo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkawu ze-marmoset angakhulula amagxolo ezihlahla, ngaleyo ndlela amunce ubisi lwazo. Zinemikhuba ye-diurnal futhi ziyi-arboreal evelele futhi izinzipho ezinazo, esikhundleni sezipikili, zivumela ukuba zibambelele emagatsheni ezihlahla ngokuphelele.
Ama-Marmoset ahlala ezindaweni zawo futhi ngokuvamile atholakala ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangaba ngu-5 kuya ku-6. Lawa maqembu avikela indawo yawo, ethusa abahlaseli ngokuklabalasa nokujaha okusabisayo. Ngezinye izikhathi amaqembu ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkawu axhunyiwe. Ukuzilungisa nokuxhumana kunendawo evelele ngokubambisana phakathi kwamaqembu. Zivame ukubonakala ngambili zihlezi noma zozela.
Zingezinye zezinkawu ezimbalwa ezizala izikhathi eziningi, ngokuvamile amawele, kufika ku-80% wezinhlobo ezifundwayo. Ngokungafani nezinkawu eziningi, abesilisa badlala indima evelele ekunakekelweni kwabazali, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangaphezu kwezinsikazi.
Amaqembu emikhaya ahlala enziwa umbhangqwana kanye nezingane zawo, nawo abe ingxenye yamaqembu ezindawo. Umama uyena ophethe ukukhulisa izingane naphezu kokuthi kuleli qembu kungase kube namadodakazi amaningana asekhulile asebekhulile. Bonke abakha leli qembu babolekisa ngosizo lwabo ukuze kunakekelwe abantu abasha.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwezinkawu ze-marmoset kuhlanganiswa ikakhulukazi izithelo, amaqabunga, izimbali, umpe, isikhunta, ubisi, i-latex, i-resin nerabha phakathi kwezinye izingxenye zezitshalo. Zijwayele futhi ukudla izinambuzane, izibankwa, izicabucabu, iminenke, amaxoxo ezihlahla, amatshwele, amaqanda ezinyoni kanye nezilwane ezinomgogodla ezinesizotha. Okungenani u-15% wokudla kwabo uvela ezihlahleni zoshingamu.
Ukuzala
Nakuba ama- marmosets ezinsikazi ekwazi ukukhwelana neduna engaphezu kweyodwa, ukukhwelana okuvame ukuba nomfazi oyedwa, okungukuthi, nomngane ofanayo, ngisho nokuphila konke. Isikhathi sokumitha kwayo singaba yizinyanga ezi-5, kanti eyesikazi ivame ukuba nengane eyodwa. Isixhumanisi phakathi kukababa nenzalo sinamandla kakhulu, ngoba nguye ophethe umntwana, futhi uthatha kuphela nomama ngenhloso yokuncelisa noma okunye ukunakekelwa. Wonke amanye amalungu eqembu lomndeni ngokuvamile asiza ekukhuliseni umntwana wenkawu.
Ezinyangeni ezi-5, abancane abasamunyi futhi bakhula ngokugcwele lapho sebengaphezu konyaka ubudala. Ngemva kweminyaka emi-2 kuya kwemi-3 bayahlukana neqembu lomndeni ukuze bathole umaqondana. Ukuphila kwakhe kubhekwa iminyaka engu-12.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-Titi Monkey
Amalungu omndeni atholakala eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu (iColombia, iBolivia, iBrazil, iPeru neParaguay). Bangakwazi ukuphila emasimini, emahlathini asogwini, emahlathini asogwini lwe-Atlantic anomswakama kanye nasemahlathini aluhlaza.
ECosta Rica kwaziwa izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi noma izinhlanga. Le esengozini enkulu itholakala ezindaweni zaseParrita, Quepos nasePotrero Grande eBuenos Aires. Ezinye izinhlobonhlobo zitholakala eningizimu yezwe, ikakhulukazi e-Osa. Kuvamile ukubabona e-Manuel Antonio National Park, eQuepos nasemahlathini aseduze kwasePuerto Jiménez eNhlonhlweni yase-Osa.
Indawo yayo itholakala emahlathini apholile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamahlamvu angaphansi. Isikhathi sabo esiningi basichitha phezu kwezihlahla. Ahlala emahlathini aminyene njengalawo aseMfuleni i-Amazon. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela, njengeBlack Ashy Marmoset, ezivame ukubonwa eBrazil kuphela.
Izingozi obhekene nazo
Iningi lama- marmoset libhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yazo. Usongo lwalo olukhulu ukuchithwa kwehlathi, njengoba linciphisa indawo yalo ukuze likwazi ukondla nokuzala. Ziyizinhlobo ezifuna ukwazi kulabo abafuna ukuba nezilwane ezithunjiwe. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zivikelwe yilokho okushiwo ku-Appendix I ye-Convention for Trafficking in Endangered Species (CITES).
Ukuhlukaniswa
NgokukaRylands noMittermeier (2009), ama-callitrichids ahlanganisa isizukulwane esiyisi-7 (Calibella, Cebuella, Callimico, Callithrix, Mico, Leontopithecus kanye neSaguinus) ezakhiwe izinhlobo ezingama-42. Ngo-2010, i-Mico rondoni yaqashelwa njengohlobo lwezilwane, okwakubhekwa njengezinhlobo zezilwane. ingxenye ye-subspecies ye-Mico emiliae. Ngo-2014, kwatholakala ukuthi i-Mico manicorensis yayifana ne-Mico marcai.
Ngokuka-Garbino no-Martins-Junior (2017), ama-callithrichids ahlanganisa igenera Callithrix, Cebuella, Mico, Saguinus, Leontopithecus and Callimico. Laba babhali, bona, bahlukanisa uhlobo lweSaguinus lube yizigaba ezintathu: iSaguinus, iLeontocebus kanye neTamarinus.
Izinkawu ze-marmoset zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu amahlanu ahlukene: i-marmoset yeqiniso, i-tamarin (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-moustached noma i-pinchés marmoset), i-pygmy noma i-chichico marmoset, i-lion marmoset (ebizwa nangokuthi i-golden noma i-leonine marmoset) kanye ne-tamarin ye-Goldi, lokho kusagcina ama-molar angu-3 ku-hemijaw ngayinye.
Izinhlobo ze-Marmoset Monkey
I-marmoset iyihlelo elivamile lama-platyrrhine primates omndeni we-callitrichid atholakala kuphela eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu. Nansi eminye imininingwane yezinhlobo zezinkawu ze-marmoset.
I-Marmoset enekhanda likakotini
I-tamarin-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) yaziwa nangokuthi i-tamarin enekhanda elimhlophe, i-tamarin enesikhumba esibomvu, noma i-cottony tamarin, phakathi kwamanye amagama amaningi. Lesi silwane esihle siyingxenye yohlobo lweSaguinus futhi sisatshalaliswa ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zaseColombia.
Usayizi wayo mncane, unesisindo esingamagremu angu-500, futhi umzimba wayo kanye nomsila awufinyeleli ubude obungamasentimitha angu-37. Ukudla kwayo kuqukethe izinambuzane, izithelo ezivuthiwe, ubisi nompe. Ibhekwa njengesesimweni esibucayi sokongiwa kwemvelo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye izikhungo zaseColombia zilwela ukusindisa le marmoset emangalisayo, zenza izindawo ezigcina amahlathi kanye nezinhlelo zokulondoloza lezi zilwane.
IGenus Cebuella
I-pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) incane kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingama-42. Ngeshwa ngathi, ihanjelwa abashushumbisi bezilwane ezifuywayo ngenxa yobuhle bayo kanye nokuzithoba. Le marmoset ukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwe-Cebuella. Ubukhulu bayo bungamasentimitha ayi-14 kuye kwayi-18, lapho kunezelwa khona umsila ongaconsi phansi owedlula ubude bomzimba. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ubisi lwezinye izitshalo, izithelo nezinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi idla ngisho nezibankwa.
Ibonisa ijazi elimangalisa kakhulu elinamathoni amnyama, aphuzi kanye newolintshi. Ikhanda lakhe lihlotshiswe uhlobo oluthile lomhlwenga. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu yaziwa nangokuthi i-lion tamarin. Ayikathathwa njengesatshiswa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukwehla kwayo kufakazelwe. Ihlala enyakatho ye-Amazon, ehlanganisa izizwe ezilandelayo: iColombia, i-Ecuador, iPeru, iBolivia neBrazil.
Uhlobo lwe-Callimico
Inkawu kaGoeldi, (i-Callimico goeldii), iwukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwe-Callimico. Ihlala endaweni elinganiselwe kakhulu ye-Upper Amazon, enezibonelo ezitholakala eColombia, ePeru, eBolivia, e-Ecuador naseBrazil. Ubude bayo bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-30 kanye nomsila wayo omude owedlula ubude bomzimba wayo.
Isisindo sayo sisukela ku-400 kuya ku-680 amagremu. Ijazi layo lithambile futhi liminyene emzimbeni wonke, ngaphandle kwesisu, esincane kakhulu. Umbala wayo umnyama ocwebezelayo. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ubisi, umpe, izinambuzane kanye nesikhunta. Isengozini, njengoba izingelwa ukuze igcinwe njengesilwane esifuywayo.
IGenus Leontopithecus
Lolu hlobo lwakhiwe izinhlobo ezi-4: i-pink lion tamarin; i-tamarin yengonyama enekhanda legolide; ibhubesi elimnyama i-tamarin ne-tamarin yebhubesi elinobuso obumnyama. Zonke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zisengozini kakhulu. Ibhubesi elinobuso obumnyama i-tamarin (Leontopithecus caissara) ibhekwa njengesengozini kakhulu. Kuvamile eBrazil futhi umzimba wayo wonke umbozwe ingubo ewugqinsi yegolide-yethusi, ngaphandle kobuso, umsila, izingalo nezandla, okumnyama.
Uhlobo lwe-Callithtrix
I-Genus Callithrix yakhiwa izinhlobo eziyisi-6: i-marmoset evamile; i-tamarin enezindlebe ezimnyama; ibhulashi elimnyama i-tamarin; i-tamarin enekhanda eline-buff; i-tamarin enamadlebe amhlophe kanye ne-tamarin ka-Geoffroy. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakala eBrazil, futhi zisengozini. I-Geoffroy's marmoset, (Callithrix geoffroyi), ebizwa nangokuthi i-marmoset enekhanda elimhlophe, iyi-marmoset ethandwa kakhulu njengesilwane esifuywayo, njengoba kunezindawo zokuzalela zalolu hlobo. Alikho ngaphansi kosongo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitholakala eBrazil, ikakhulukazi eminyangweni yaseMinas Gerais, eRio de Janeiro nase-Espírito Santo. Ubude bayo bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-24, okufanele kwengezwe umsila okala kancane kunobude bomzimba. Iwuhlobo oluhle kakhulu, njengoba ingubo yalo inemibala ehlukahlukene emnyama, empunga, emhlophe nesawolintshi. Ubuso bakhe buhlotshiswe ngezinwele ezimhlophe futhi kugqame amaphaphu ezindlebeni zakhe.
Uhlobo lweMico
I-genus Mico yakhiwe izinhlobo ezingu-14: i-silvery marmoset; i-marmoset emhlophe; i-tamarin enomsila omnyama; I-Marmoset Brand; I-marmoset kaSnethlange; i-tamarin enekhanda elimnyama; I-marmoset ye-manicore; I-Acari marmoset; i-tamarin enezindlebe zentshakaza; I-Aripuana marmoset; I-Rondon marmoset; igolide kanye ne-marmoset emnyama; I-Maues tamarin ne-tamarin enobuso obumhlophe.
I-marmoset esiliva (Mico Argentatus) ibuthana ngamaqembu abantu abayisi-6 kuye kwabayi-10. Owesifazane ovelele kuphela onelungelo lokuzala, njengoba ekhulula i-pheromone eyenza kungenzeki ngezinye izinsikazi ukuthi zikhiphe iqanda. Ubude bayo bungamasentimitha ayi-18 kuye kwangama-28 futhi isisindo sayo sihluka kusuka ku-300 kuya ku-400 amagremu. Alikho ngaphansi kosongo. Ihlala entshonalanga yeBrazil nasempumalanga yeBolivia. Ukudla kwabo kusekelwe emaqanda, izinambuzane, izithelo, ubisi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
I-Marmoset enomsila omnyama
I-tamarin enomsila omnyama, (i-Mico melanurus) iyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Mico. Iseningizimu kakhulu kuwo wonke ama-marmosets, njengoba asakazwa eningizimu yeBrazil, eParaguay Chaco, nasempumalanga yeBolivia. Alikho ngaphansi kosongo. Ubude bayo bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-22 kanye nomsila wayo ongu-25. Isisindo sayo silinganiselwa ku-380 amagremu. Inomhlane onsundu onamabala amhlophe emzimbeni, unqanyulwe nhlangothi zombili ngemigqa emhlophe. Umsila wayo ogqamile umnyama.
Uhlobo lweSaguinus
Lolu hlobo luningi kakhulu phakathi kwama-tamarin, njengoba lwakhiwe izinhlobo ezingu-15: i-bald tamarin; inkawu yobisi lomntwana; i-tamarin yasePanamani; umbusi tamarin; i-tamarin enemabula; i-tamarin enezindebe; i-marmoset empunga; Martins Tamarind; i-tamarin enezigqoko ezimhlophe; i-tamarin yezandla ezimhlophe; i-tamarin ene-mustachioed; i-tamarin emnyama; i-tamarin enentamo emnyama; i-tamarin ene-cotton top kanye ne-tamarin enesigqoko segolide.
I-emperor tamarin (i-Saguinus imperator) ihlala eBolivia, ePeruvia nase-Amazon yaseBrazil. Amadevu akhe amakhulu yiwo amnika igama ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba ayekhumbula amadevu avamile oMbusi waseJalimane uWilliam II. Umzimba wayo ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30, lapho kunezelwa khona umsila ongaconsi phansi ongamasentimitha angama-40. Ezinye izibonelo zingaba nesisindo esingafika ku-500 amagremu. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ubisi, izithelo, izinambuzane, izilwane ezinomgogodla ezinesizotha, amaqanda, izimbali namaqabunga. Ayikho ngaphansi kosongo futhi 2 subspecies ziyaziwa.
Ezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo yilezi: