I-spider monkey ingenye yezilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ubuchopho bayo bukhulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokwandiswa komzimba wayo, isici esiyisisekelo salezi zilwane ukungabi khona kwesithupha saso, kanye nomsila wayo omude ongakwazi ukubamba ngawo izinto. luwusizo kakhulu kuye ekuphileni kwakhe kwansuku zonke, ngoba usebenza njengengalo yesithathu. Ngezansi uzofunda konke mayelana nale primate ethokozisayo neyingqayizivele.
Spider monkey
Izinkawu zesicabucabu ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi zonke izimfene eziyingxenye Yezwe Elisha, ezinemilenze emide kakhulu, ezivumela ukuthi zishwibilike futhi zinyakaze kalula phakathi kwezihlahla ezisendaweni yazo, njengomdwebi ongcono kakhulu we-trapeze. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo ezithandekayo nezihehayo zithola iziteketiso eziningi, ngaphezu kwegama lazo, ezivame kakhulu yilezi: ama-maquisapas, ama-koatás, ama-marimono, ama-marimonda, noma ama-atelos.
Izici
Lezi zinkawu ezinhle zingezabomndeni wakwa-Atelidae. Ngokulandelayo, babizwa ngokuthi ama-Ateles, leli gama libhekisela ekungabini kwabo kwesithupha, kuphela kune-appendage ye-vestigial. Kunezinhlobo ezingu-7 zezinkawu zesicabucabu, ezihlakazeke kulo lonke elaseMelika, lezi yilezi: i-Ateles paniscus (inkawu yesicabucabu esimnyama), i-Ateles belzebuth (inkawu yesicabucabu esivamile), i-Ateles chamek (i-spider monkey yasePeru), i-Ateles hybridus (marimonda of the magdalena), I-Ateles marginatus (inkawu yesicabucabu esinobuso obumhlophe), i-Ateles fusciceps (inkawu yesicabucabu esinobuso obumnyama) kanye ne-Ateles geoffroyi (inkawu yesicabucabu sikaGeoffroy)
Lezi zigaba zivela ezifundweni ezehlukene zesayensi, ezisekelwe ku-DNA yezinkawu esikhundleni sezimpawu zoboya bazo. Lezi zinkawu ngokuvamile izacile, nakuba zinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkawu New World. Ubude bayo obuphelele bungaba phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-33 - 66. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkawu yesicabucabu esinekhanda elimnyama inobubanzi obuncane besayizi, ubukhulu bayo bungaba phakathi kwama-38.9 - 53.8 amasentimitha.
Amaduna alolu hlobo ngokuvamile anesisindo esingafika ku-11 kilogram, kanti abesifazane bafinyelela kumakhilogremu angu-9.89 kuphela. Kucatshangwa ukuthi inkawu yesicabucabu sika-Geoffroy ingenye enkulu kunazo zonke, njengoba ijwayele ukulinganisa ubude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-33-63 futhi inesisindo esingafika ku-9 kilogram. Ukwakheka kwethambo lomzimba walezi zilwane ezinkalakatha kuyathanda ukwazi. Zinomsila omude kakhulu osebenza njengengalo yesithathu, futhi udlula ubude bomzimba wazo ogcwele, lapho ungafinyelela ku-89 cm, ingasaphathwa ukuthi izitho zazo nazo zinde kakhulu.
Lo msila ofanayo u-prehensile, okungukuthi, bangakwazi ukuwulawula ngokuphelele futhi bawusebenzise ukubamba nokudiyazela, besebenzisa lokhu njengokucabangela, kungashiwo ukuthi lezi zinkawu zesicabucabu zinemilenze emi-5, umsila ubude kunawo wonke. Isici esibalulekile salolu hlobo ukuthi iminwe yabo inomumo ogobile, njengozipho, futhi ayinazo izithupha. Namakhala akhe aqhelelene kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nobuncane bekhanda lakhe.
Into egqama kakhulu ngezinsikazi zalolu hlobo ukuthi zine-clitoris enkulu, engenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobulili obubili. Ijazi loboya lalezi nkawu likhulu impela futhi limnyama kakhulu ngombala, ngokuvamile lihlala limnyama noma linonsundu ngokumnyama. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile zalolu hlobo, zingaba nesifuba sonke esimhlophe noma esi-beige, kwezinye, kukhona amabala alula anwebeka emzimbeni wawo, ezindaweni ezinjengomsila, emuva noma phezulu kwekhanda lawo.
Habitat
Ikhaya eliyinhloko lezinkawu zesicabucabu yiMelika, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweMexico ne-Amazon yaseBrazil, ngokusobala ehlanganisa yonke i-Central America nasenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Zivame ukuba semahlathini ashisayo, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo yazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkawu ayifani. Isibonelo esihle ama-Ateles fusciceps ahlala ePanama, eColombia nase-Ecuador, ahlala ethanda izindawo zokuhlala okungenani ezingamamitha ayi-2.000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi singabuka i-Ateles geoffroyi, ehlala ngokuyinhloko eMexico, eHonduras, eBelize, eGuatemala, ezindaweni ezahlukene kuyo yonke iMelika Ephakathi neColombia, ichuma kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lolwandle.
Manje, ikakhulukazi, ukusatshalaliswa kwalezi nkawu kungokulandelayo: I-Marimonda de la magdalena ihlala ikakhulukazi eVenezuela naseColombia; Inkawu yesicabucabu enobuso obumhlophe ngokuvamile ihlala emahlathini aseBrazil; Inkawu yesicabucabu esimnyama eSuriname naseFrench Guiana; I-spider monkey evamile ePeru, eBrazil, eVenezuela, e-Ecuador naseColombia; ekugcineni iPeruvian Spider Monkey ePeru, eBrazil naseBolivia.
Idla kanjani i-Spider Monkey?
Lezi zilwane eziningi ezidla uhlaza, ukudla kwazo kuhlanganisa cishe amantongomane nezithelo ezahlukene. Ukugcwalisa ukwakheka kokudla kwazo, zidla ukudla okunjengamaqabunga, amaqanda ezinyoni, futhi uma ukudla kuyindlala, zingadla izicabucabu, izinambuzane, amagxolo esihlahla ngisho noju. Lezi zinkawu zithathwa njengabasakazi abakhulu bembewu, njengoba uma zidla isithelo ziphinde zigwinye imbewu, bese ziyikhipha endle bese imila phansi.
Ukuziphatha
Ngenxa yesimo sazo senhlalo, lezi zinkawu zivame ukuhlangana ngamaqembu anamalungu angu-15 noma afika kwangu-25, nakuba leli nani lingakhula libe amalungu angu-40. Isakhiwo senhlalo salo mhlambi sihlelwe ngamaqembu e-fission-fusion, lokhu kusho ukuthi emini lezi zinkawu zingahlukana ngokuphelele ngamaqembu amancane ukuze zondle, futhi ebusuku nazo zivame ukuhlukana kancane ukuze zilale. Lezi zilwane ezihlala njalo, zichitha ubusuku bonke zilele phezu kwezihlahla ezivame ukulinganiselwa kumamitha angu-15.
Indawo lo mhlambi owabelana ngayo ingakala phakathi kwamahektha angama-90 no-250. Zibhekene nosongo, lezi zinkawu ziqala ukwenza imisindo ehlukene, efana nse nokukhonkotha kwenja. Ngokulandelayo, ngale ndlela babuye baxhumane, ngokukhala, ukuklabalasa nemisindo ehlukene, ngisho nangokuma komzimba okuhlukile nokuhlukile.
Ukuzala
Uma lezi zinkawu sezithombile, futhi sezamukele ucansi, ezinsikazi yizona ezihlakazeka eqenjini zihlangane nenye, uma sekwenziwe lokhu, yona yamukele eyeduna efuna ukugana nayo. Futhi kokubili iduna nensikazi zihogela izitho zangasese zomunye nomunye ngaphambi kokuhlangana. Ukukhulelwa kombungu kungathatha isikhathi esiphakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-226 - 232, emva kwalokhu kulinda kuzozalwa ingane eyodwa.
Isikhathi sokulinda phakathi kokuzalwa ngakunye singaba iminyaka emine njalo, nakuba ingaba mithathu kuphela, yanele ukuba inzalo entsha ikhule ngokwanele, ngokunakekela kukanina. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuvuthwa ngokobulili kwalezi nkawu zesicabucabu kufinyelela eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu futhi ngokuvamile ziphila iminyaka engama-20.
Izinsongo kanye Nokugcinwa Kwezilwane
Ngeshwa, zonke izinhlobo zezinkawu zesicabucabu zisengozini njalo. I-Ateles fusciceps isengozini enkulu yokushabalala, inkawu yesicabucabu esimnyama isesimweni "Esisengozini" futhi ngokudabukisayo okunye okuhlukile kusengozini yokushabalala. Konke lokhu kulandela imininingwane yoHlu Olubomvu lweNyunyana Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokulondolozwa Kwemvelo.
Izinkawu zezicabucabu zibhekene nesimo esinzima kakhulu, isimo okungaziwa ukuthi zizokwazi yini ukusinqoba, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ikusasa lazo aliqinisekile uma zonke izinsongo ezibhekene nazo ziqhubeka nokwanda. Lezi zinsongo ezifanayo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwemithi kanye nokuzingela. Ngokuvamile, azingelwa ukuze asetshenziswe ekuhloleni kwesayensi nokufunda izifo ezinjengomalaleveva.
Ezinye zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlala ezindaweni ezivikelwe, okuqinisekisa ukusinda kwazo, kodwa lokhu akwanele kubo bonke abantu bezinkawu zesicabucabu, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izinyathelo ezintsha zokugqugquzela ukuqwashisa okuhlangene ngokubaluleka kwazo, nokuhlenga kwabo njengezinhlobo zezilwane.
Uma ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho mayelana nezinkawu nezilwane, ungashiyi ngaphandle kokufunda lezi zihloko:
Izilwane ze-Vertebrate