Funda kulesi sihloko konke okuhlobene ne Redwood, isihlahla esinelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, phakathi kwezici zaso ezimangalisayo ukuphila kwaso isikhathi eside nokuphakama kwaso okukhulu, ungayeki ukufunda ngalesi sihlahla esinelukuluku futhi ufunde kuze kube sekupheleni, ukuze wazi ukuthi usibona kanjani kalula lapho ubona esinye sazo idolobha lakho.
isihlahla se-sequoia
Njengoba kushiwo esingenisweni, into emangalisa kakhulu ngalesi sihlahla ubukhulu baso, singenye ye izihlahla ezinkulu ekhona, ngoba ngokumangalisayo ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-115, ngokufanayo kuyadingeka ukugqamisa ubude bayo bempilo, engeyona into engaphezu kweminyaka engu-3000, okusho ukuthi ingawela nomuntu oneminyaka eminingi emhlabeni kunanoma yimuphi omunye. enye into ephilayo.
Yebo, ukuze baphile lelo nani leminyaka nangaphezulu, kufanele kube nezimo ezithile, ngaphandle kwalokho izinga labo lokuphila liyehla futhi ngenxa yalokho kanye neminyaka yabo yokuphila; kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi zikhula kancane njengoba kuzovezwa engxenyeni kamuva esihlokweni.
Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma sekuyisikhathi sasebusika yonke le nqubo iyancipha, lokhu kubangelwa ukuqina kwalawa mazinga okushisa, okwenza ukuthi ingaqhubeki nokukhula, yebo, iyaqhubeka nokuphefumula, ngaphandle kwalokho. angafa. Khona-ke, lapho kufika intwasahlobo, iyavuka, kodwa ikwenza kancane kancane, yingakho unyaka wonke, lesi sihlahla sikhula izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela, ezinye zingasebenzi.
Lezi zihlahla zivame ukutholakala ezintabeni, yingakho ubusika buzithinta kakhulu futhi bubambezela umsebenzi wazo, njengoba ihlobo livame ukubanda kunezinye izindawo zokuhlala; Lapho abantu benquma ukuzikhulisa, kufanele bacabangele zonke izici ezidingekayo, ikakhulukazi isimo sezulu, njengoba kungekho ndawo ezivuna zona.
Lezi zihlahla zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-Conifers", okunye okuthakazelisa kakhulu isiqu sazo, njengoba lokhu kuqondile futhi hhayi njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye ezivame ukuba namagatsha amaningi, njengoba isiqu sawo sikhula sikhula, kube khona ezinye zazo ezivame ukuba namagatsha amaningi. baye baba namamitha ayisishiyagalombili endaweni yabo.
Ngokuqondene namaqabunga awo, lawa awanawo usayizi owodwa, kodwa ahlukahluka kakhulu, kodwa lokho abayikho kude, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cones awo anomumo we-ovoid. Umndeni okukuwo yiCupressaceae.
Descripción
Ezinye izincazelo sezinikeziwe kakade esanduleleni, nokho, kulesi sigaba sizokhuluma kabanzi ngalesi sihlahla esimangalisayo, esinesiqu eside nesiqondile, amagatsha awo mancane kakhulu futhi awela avundlile phezulu. inoqweqwe oluwugqinsi ngokumangazayo, futhi futhi iyacwebezela futhi ibushelelezi.
Ubukhulu bamahlamvu awo abulungiswanga, ngokungafani ne Amaqabunga ezihlahla kolunye uhlobo, lezi zingaba amamilimitha ayishumi nanhlanu, kuze kufike kumamilimitha angama-25, ziyisicaba futhi zinde. Ngokuqondene nombala ofanayo, zizohluka kuye ngokuthi zichayeka elangeni ngokuqondile, njengoba kwenzeka endaweni yemiqhele yalezi zihlahla noma uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, zisethunzini, okungukuthi. , eshukunyiswa amanye amagatsha noma izihlahla eziseduze, ezimnyama kakhulu ngokuvamile zisendaweni engenhla, kuyilapho eziphansi zingase zibe nezindawo ezimhlophe.
Ngokuqondene nama-cones alezi zihlahla, njengoba kushiwo, agcina isimo se-ovoid, esinobude obungahluka kusuka kumamilimitha ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu nambili, ngaphezu kwalokho futhi anama-spiral scales futhi ngayinye yazo inembewu, cishe emithathu. kuya kumamilimitha amane ngosayizi, okuthi, njengoba izikali zivuthwa, ziyakhululwa futhi lapho zomile ziyavuleka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokho okuhlobene nokuvuthwa, kwenzeka phakathi kwenyanga yesishiyagalombili nenyanga yesishiyagalolunye ngemva kokuba impova, okwenzeka lapho kuphela ubusika.
Lezi zihlahla zikhula ngamaqembu ezintabeni ezinomswakama, isizathu salokhu kuqoqana ukuthi ngale ndlela zivikela ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu kanye nomoya onamandla. Lezi zihlahla zingabonakala kusukela e-Oregon kuya eCalifornia endaweni eseningizimu.
Ichazwa njengesidalwa eside kunazo zonke emhlabeni, nokho, kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngaphambili ama-eucalyptus nezihlahla zefir zazidlula ngokuphakama, kodwa namuhla lezi azibonwa ngokuphakama okunjalo.
Kuneqiniso elimangalisayo mayelana nalezi zihlahla ukuthi zikhula zisondelene kakhulu, esinye eduze kwesinye, sengathi sincike, kodwa iqiniso ukuthi zinempande efanayo, emikhulu ngokungafani Izihlahla ezinezimpande ezimbalwaNokho, uma omunye wabo efa, egawulwa noma okunye okufanayo, ezinye ziyaqhubeka zikhula, zinikezana ubisi lapho kudingekile.
Izinhlobo ze-redwood
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalolu hlobo lwesihlahla, ezimbili zazo ziwumndeni oqhelile futhi owodwa oqondene ngqo nalolu hlobo, lezi ezilandelayo: I-sequoia ebomvu, i-sequoia enkulu kanye ne-Metasequoia, ngayinye yazo izochazwa ngokuningiliziwe.
Ngokuqondene neyokuqala, okungukuthi, i-sequoia ebomvu, ngokwesayensi yaziwa ngokuthi i-Sequoia sempervirens, yathi ngandlela-thile, lena ingeyokuqala, njengeqiniso, elinye igama elaziwa ngalo yi-California sequoia, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yayo. indawo, ikakhulukazi ogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika Pacific.
Kule ndawo ingatholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amabili ngaphezu kolwandle, kodwa kukhona nezinye eziphansi, ezifinyelela kumamitha angamashumi amathathu kuphela ngaphezu kolwandle.
Lesi sihlahla singaba neminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu namakhulu amabili yokuphila futhi sifinyelele ukuphakama kwamamitha angaphezu kwekhulu.
Okulandelayo, kwashiwo i-sequoia enkulu, lokhu kungatholakala naseCalifornia, kodwa ngaseSierra Nevada, igama elaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "velintonia", lolu hlobo luphinde ludlule amamitha ayikhulu ukuphakama.
Ngokuqondene nendawo yayo, ingafinyelelwa emazingeni aphezulu ngaphezu kolwandle, kusukela okungenani okungaba ngamamitha ayinkulungwane namakhulu amane kuya kumamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amahlanu ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iminyaka yazo yokuphila, njengeyangaphambili, ifinyelela eminyakeni engu-3000 3200 nengu-XNUMX XNUMX.
Okokugcina, kukhona i-Metasequoia, ebizwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-Metasequoia glyptostroboides, njengoba kulokhu kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi nakuba iwuhlobo lwesihlahla okukhulunywa ngaso, yisona esikude kakhulu nemvelaphi yaso, singahlukaniswa. ngezindlela eziningi, njengoba kunemininingwane ecacile ngalokhu, njenge:
- Ngokungafani nalezi ezedlule, lena ikhula ngokushesha
- Iyavuthuluka
- Ukuphakama kwayo, kakade esigabeni sokukhula, cishe kungamamitha angamashumi amane nanhlanu, futhi isiqu sayo sizoba nobubanzi obungamamitha amabili.
- Esinye isici esigqama kakhulu ukubahlukanisa ukuthi imvelaphi yabo ayikho eNyakatho Melika kodwa ezwenikazi lase-Asia, ikakhulukazi e-China, nakuba izinkathi ezimbalwa ezedlule, ikakhulukazi ePaleocene, babehlala eMexico naseDakota e-United States..
- Ngeke sehluleke ukukusho ukuthi lokhu kuyaguquguquka, okusho ukuthi, kusabalele nakwezinye izindawo, njengoba isimo sezulu singabathinti kangako, yingakho sibonakala ezingadini.
Indawo kanye ne-ecology
Lezi zitholakala ogwini lwasePacific eNyakatho Melika, iyisiqephu eside nesincane kule ndawo, esingamakhilomitha acishe abe ngamakhulu ayisikhombisa namashumi amahlanu.
Lezi zitholakala kulezo zintaba lapho kunemvula eningi khona, njengoba kulapho kunomswakama owengeziwe, yingakho eziphakeme kulapho kudlula khona imifudlana.
Amagxolo azo aminyene impela, okuzizuzisa kakhulu, njengoba ziwavikela ezinambuzaneni eziyingozi, kanye nasemonakalweni ongadalwa yikhandlela kuwo. Ogwini isihlahla esidala kunazo zonke sineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu amabili ubudala.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukukhulisa i-Sequoia?
Kuncane osekushiwo ngokukhula kwalesi sihlahla kuso sonke lesi sihloko futhi leli elinye lamaphuzu adala ilukuluku kubantu lapho behlangana noma bebona lesi sihlahla, ngoba izikhathi eziningi lapho unethuba lokusibona futhi inkulu ngokwedlulele futhi ibanzi, kusho ukuthi isivele ingamakhulu eminyaka ubudala.
Maqondana nokukhula kwaso, izici eziningana okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi iqiniso lezakhi zofuzo zalesi sidalwa esiphilayo, kanye nalokho okuhlobene nesimo sezulu esikhula kuso, inhlabathi, ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokushisa. ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu osekuyiminyaka eminingi izwe likubona, ngokunjalo nezilokazane nezifo ezingase zingahlasela kuyabhekwa.
Kodwa uma lesi sihlahla singabhekani nalezi zinguquko, noma izifo, kodwa sikhula endaweni ezolile ngokuvumelana nemvelo yaso, khona-ke isiqu saso sizokwakhiwa cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili.
Ikhula malini i-sequoia ngonyaka?
Sengikushilo lokhu okungenhla, ngokuqinisekile ukukhathazeka kuphakama ngokuthi isihlahla salolu hlobo sifinyelela ubude besikhathi esingakanani phakathi nonyaka, impendulo yalokhu ukuthi siyaguquguquka, kodwa uma kubonakala ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, singaba okungenani ngamasentimitha amabili. ngokufanele, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ebusika lezi zihlahla ziyawuyeka umsebenzi wazo.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uma izwe lapho lesi sihlahla singena khona sihlala sivundisiwe, khona-ke ukuziphendukela kwayo kwenzeka ngokushesha, izikhathi ezituswa kakhulu ukwenza lolu hlobo lomsebenzi ezinyangeni ezihamba kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo.
Phakathi kwezinto ochwepheshe abathi zingasetshenziselwa lokhu umquba, ongayenza ekhaya lakho ngezinto eziphilayo ezifana nemfucumfucu yokudla, kodwa ungasebenzisa futhi i-guano; futhi kwesinye sezigaba ezilandelayo ukunakekelwa kwakhe kugqanyisiwe.
Ikuphi i-Sequoia enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni?
Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ngalesi sihlahla, ngoba abaningi bangathanda ukukwazi ukubona eyodwa futhi kungani kungenjalo abade kunabo bonke, abangayeki ukumangala labo abanethuba lokusivakashela, okwamanje elingatholakala eCalifornia, okuyindawo abadabuka kuyo.
Ukuze wazi lesi sihlahla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlala esifundazweni noma uhamba njengesivakashi, kufanele uye epaki endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Redwood, eSan Francisco enyakatho. Ukuphakama kwawo cishe kungamamitha ayikhulu neshumi nesithupha, kuze kube manje yinde kunazo zonke, uhlobo lwayo yiSequoia sempervirens.
Ngokufanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe elinye lamalungu alo avelele kakhulu, kodwa kulokhu kungokwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane futhi kubizwa ngokuthi i-Sequoiadendron giganteum, nayo itholakala esifundeni saseCalifornia, kodwa kwelinye ipaki, elibizwa ngokuthi i-Sequoia National Park, Baze babe negama futhi nguGeneral Sherman, ngakho-ke uma uvakashela indawo futhi ufuna ukuhlangana naye ngokucacile, bese ucela othile wasendaweni ukuthi akuyise khona ngqo.
Ochwepheshe bathi yiyona ene-biomass eningi kakhulu emhlabeni, ngoba isiqu sayo siwugqinsi futhi cishe ngamamitha ayishumi nanye ububanzi futhi ukuphakama kwayo cishe kungamamitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili nane, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi amagatsha awo made kakhulu, cishe. amamitha angamashumi amane.
Izibonelo eziwugqinsi
Eziningi zalezi zihlahla zibalulwe ngezansi ngokujiya kwazo, amagama azo, ukuphakama kwazo nokuqina kwazo kuzoshiwo:
Eyokuqala itholakala eJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, eCalifornia, ecishe ibe ngamamitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalombili ukuphakama futhi ububanzi bayo bungamamitha angu-7.9, igama layo iLost Monarch.
Okulandelayo yiFusion Giant, etholakala eRedwood National Park futhi eCalifornia, ukuphakama kwayo kungaphezudlwana kwamamitha ayikhulu nesithupha, kuyilapho ukujiya kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-6.8 ububanzi.
Elandelayo nayo itholakala eJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, kulokhu ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha angaba ngu-91,5 futhi ukujiya kwayo kungamamitha angu-6.25 ububanzi, kubizwa ngokuthi iLluvatar.
Okulandelayo yiNorth Titan, nayo eseJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha angama-93.6 futhi ububanzi bayo bungamamitha ayi-7.3.
Futhi eJedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, kukhona okuthiwa yi-Howland Hill Giant, engamamitha angu-100,6 ukuphakama, kodwa ewugqinsi oluncane kunawo wonke amamitha angu-5.85 ububanzi.
Owokugcina ohlwini nguSir Isaac Newton, osePrairie Creek Redwoods State Park.
Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?
Abantu abaningi bafuna ukuba nohlobo lwalesi sihlahla, ngenxa yobukhulu baso obumangalisayo, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nendawo enkulu ikakhulukazi, lapho kunesikhala ukuze ithuthukiswe ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa, uma usuvele unayo lokhu kuqala. ingxenye esele izoba lula kancane, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi:
Indawo ozoyitshala kuyo kufanele kube yilapho ilanga lifinyelela khona, kodwa futhi ijabulela umthunzi, njengoba indawo ozoyibeka kuyo kufanele ibe ne-organic matter eyanele, okusho ukuthi, akufanele ibe. yomile , njengoba idinga umswakama ukuze ithuthuke, kufanele futhi ibe ne-drainage eyanele.
Ukunisela isihlahla sakho, imvamisa kufanele ibe maphakathi, ingasheshi kakhulu noma isheshe kakhulu, uma kwenzeka kusehlobo, bese unisela okungenani izikhathi ezine ngesonto, ngoba yisikhathi lapho kushisa kakhulu unyaka wonke. kuncipha njengoba isimo sezulu sivame ukuba nomswakama kakhulu.
Ebusika izoqala ukukhipha imbewu yayo, okumele ifakwe efrijini okungenani izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, lokhu uma ufuna ukuyiphindaphinda futhi ube nezibonelo eziningi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Sequoia
Lokhu kwenzeka kokubili ngokocansi kanye ne-asexually, yingakho ama-clone ahluma. Lezi zihlahla ziqala ukuzala imbewu lapho sezifinyelele iminyaka eyishumi noma eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala, nokho, azivamile ukuba ziphile.
isingeniso sokwenziwa
Noma lezi zihlahla zisuka e-United States, zethulwa ngokuzenzela e-Europe ngeminyaka yawo-1800, yingakho lolu hlobo lwezilwane lubonakala emapaki ahlukahlukene kuleli zwekazi, isibonelo eCantabria naseGalicia.
