Ingabe kukhona okwazile ukwehlela phansi 11.000 amamitha ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle? Impendulo inguyebo, futhi owokuqala owawufinyelela wakwenza lokho ngonyaka ka-19060.
Kwakuyisakhiwo sase-Italy futhi yehla yajula kakhulu ohambweni olwenziwa nge-Trieste bathyscaphe.
Sesikwazi ukujula kolwandle iminyaka engu-70, ayisekho
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zesintu ukuhlola uMhlaba, ngomoya, ngolwandle nasemhlabeni. Futhi ngokunembile ulwandle lungenye yezindawo ezinzima kakhulu. Iminyaka eminingi kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukwehla ngisho namamitha ambalwa ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle. Cabanga ukuthi sikhuluma ngonyaka ka-1960 lapho ngaqala ukuhlola lokho okwakusekujuleni kolwandle. Lokho kusho ukuthi, konke okwaziwayo ekujuleni okukhulu kusukela eminyakeni engama-70 edlule.
Ngalesi sikhathi, umuntu ukwazile ukwakha indawo eyanele ukuze akwazi ukuhlola ukujula kolwandle, ngaphambi kokuba azibekele umkhawulo ngalokho okungaphandle. Ukwehla kokuqala ekujuleni okukhulu kwenziwa ngo-1960, ku-Challenger Deep of the Marainas Trench. Kwakungenzeka ukwehlisa cishe amamitha ayi-110.000, ikakhulukazi ukujula okungama-10.929m.
I-Challenger Deep kanye ne-Mariana Trench
Uma sifuna ukuthola indawo ejulile eplanethini enguMhlaba, kufanele siye e-Marina Trench, lapho sithola khona ukucindezeleka olwandle okujulile emhlabeni. Inobude obuyi-2.500 km, kodwa inesimo esibonakala kakhulu, nge umumo wenhlendla. Iphakathi kwe-Philippine tectonic plate kanye ne-Pacific tectonic plate. Ngokwendawo, singayibeka phakathi kwePhilippines, New Guinea neJapan, eNyakatho yePacific.
uhambo lwemikhumbi yesiNgisi
Leli yiphuzu elijule kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi lingamamitha ayi-10.900 ncamashi ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle. Yaziwa ngokuthi i-Challenger Abyss, igama elitholayo ngoba yatholwa umkhumbi wamaNgisi owawuthi yayibizwa ngokuthi Challenger, cishe ngonyaka ka-1875. Kulolu hambo kwathiwa ukujula okuphezulu ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle kwakungu-8.184, okusiholela ekucabangeni ukuthi mhlawumbe kamuva kuzotholakala ukuthi kwakusekhona ukujula okwakusazotholakala.
AbaseBrithani bashintsha lesi sibalo
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngo-1951, olunye uhambo lwaseBrithani lwakwazi ukubona ukuthi lokho okwase kutholakele kuze kube yileso sikhathi nokuthi ababekulinganise ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-8.184 XNUMX kwakungewona umthombo kodwa kwalasha, nokuthi Ilinganisa ngamamitha ayi-10.863 ukujula. Ukuhlonipha ukutholwa kokuqala, uhambo lwesibili lwanquma ukubiza kwalasha ngemva komkhumbi, Challenger.
Kuze kube namuhla kuyaziwa ukuthi kwalasha umise okwenyanga, futhi lokho ihlukaniswe yaba izitsha ezintathu; empumalanga, enkabeni nasentshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujula okwakukalwa, nakuba kwakuminyene kakhulu, manje sekwaziwa ukuthi kuphakeme kancane. Kukhulunywa ngamamitha ayi-10.902 noma 10.929, akwaziwa kahle kahle.
Ukunqoba izithiyo zolwandle
Phakathi kweminyaka yama-50s kanye nama-60s, abantu benza intuthuko eminingi yesayensi, kuwo wonke amazinga. Kwakungenzeka ukunqoba imingcele eminingi Yomhlaba kuze kube yileso sikhathi kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka, kungaba emoyeni, emhlabeni noma ngolwandle. Asikukhumbule lokho Isathelayithi yokuqala yokwenziwa yethulwa ngo-1957. emkhathini, nokuthi umuntu ngokwakhe wafinyelela emkhathini ngo-1961. Ngokuqondene noMhlaba, imingcele yeqiwa futhi, yafinyelela eziqongweni zezintaba eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni njenge-Everest ne-K2 ngeminyaka yama-50s. Futhi ekupheleni kwaleli shumi leminyaka Isizinda sokuqala socwaningo seSouth Pole sakhiwa. Zonke lezo zindawo lapho umuntu ayengakwazi ukufinyelela khona kwaze kwaba yileso sikhathi.
Ulwandle lwalusengenye inselele esintwini. Imikhumbi-ngwenya eyayakhiwe ngaleso sikhathi yayingakwazi ukufinyelela ekujuleni okukhulu. Kwadingeka benze ukwakhiwa okukhethekile ukuze bakwazi ukufinyelela amamitha amaningi kangaka ekujuleni kolwandle. Sasingekho isikebhe esasikwazi ukumelana nomfutho onjalo wamanzi.
I-Bathyspheres kanye ne-bathyscaphes, ikhambi lokukwazi ukuhlola ulwandle olujulile
Kwakudingeka bakhe izimbulunga zensimbi ezehliswa ngentambo futhi zixhunywe emkhunjini ukuze zingaduki ekujuleni. Lesi sakhiwo sathola igama elithi bathyspheres. Baqala ukuwahlola ngeminyaka yawo-30 kwathi ngo-1934 behla bafinyelela kumamitha angama-923. Noma kunjalo, babedinga okunye ukuze bakwazi ukujula.
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, kwaklanywa ama-bathyscaphes, afana kakhulu nezindawo zokugeza kodwa ngaphandle kokuxhunywa entanjeni. Lezi zehla zaze zanyathela ngosizo lwamamotho kagesi. Yaklanywa umNtaliyane ngo-1948. Kodwa injabulo yaba eyesikhashana, yagcina icwile ngemva kokutshuza kahle. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umSwitzerland okuthiwa u-Auguste Piccard walandela lo mbono futhi wakha enye i-bathyscaphe. Wayiqamba ngokuthi i-FNRS-2. Ayizange icwile, futhi empeleni yasetshenziswa yi-French Navy ukufeza umsebenzi ogwini lwaseSenegal, yehlela kumamitha angu-4.000.
I-Bathyscaphe yaseTrieste
Kepha i-Piccard ayizange ihlale nalesi sibonelo futhi yiso leso. Waklama enye i-bathyscaphe futhi kulokhu wafaka a igumbi eligcwele uphethiloli. Lokhu kwenze ukuthi kube nokuqhakaza okwengeziwe. Futhi waze waklama indawo ukuze kuhambe amalungu amabili ezisebenzi. Kungani ibizwa nge-Trieste Bathyscaphe?Ngoba ngaleso sikhathi u-Piccard wathuthela e-Trieste futhi kwakusuka lapho lapho aklama khona lesi sibonelo esisha se-bathysphare.
Kwaze kwaba ngo-1953 lapho yaqala ukusetshenziswa futhi ngo-1958 yathengwa yi-United States Navy eyayifuna ukuhlola i-Mariana Trench. Ngo-1959 i-bathyscaphe yathuthelwa kuyo i-Mariana Trench futhi ekuqaleni kwawo-60, ukuhlola kwenziwa nge-Challenger Deep. Kuyo kwakunoPiccard ngokwakhe noDon Walsh, ukaputeni weButho Lasemanzini Lase-US.
Uhambo ngokwalo lwathatha cishe amahora angu-5 futhi lwehla lwazothinta phansi emgodini osentshonalanga, ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-10.900. Kusukela kulokho kujula baxhumana nomkhumbi omama nge-hydrophone. Uhambo aluhlalanga isikhathi eside ngoba emizuzwini engu-20 kamuva ungqimba lwe-Plexiglas lwabhidlika. (Indawo esobala eyayivumela ukubona ukuthi yini engaphandle futhi eyayikwazi ukumelana nalezi zingcindezi eziphezulu, okungenani ngezinga elithile). Kwakudingeka bakhuphuke ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, okwasuka ekubeni uhambo lwamahora angu-5 ukuya ekujuleni kwaba ngamahora ama-3 nekota ukuphuma. Baphuma bengenamyocu kanti ukuhlinzwa kwaba yimpumelelo.