UGautama Buddha waveza ukuthi onkulunkulu bendabuko babengekho endaweni yangemva kokufa, lokhu njengombono wenkululeko, njengoba ubuBuddha buyinkolo engenaNkulunkulu futhi ngenxa yalokho buthola ukuthi obani onkulunkulu bobuddhism Ikuvumela ukuthi ube nolwazi olubanzi ngalo mkhuba futhi kulesi sihloko sizokufundisa wona.
onkulunkulu bobuddhism
I-pantheon of the gods of Buddhism imelwe izidalwa ezihlukahlukene zaphezulu ezinikezwa izincazelo ezihlukahlukene, amafomu kanye nemvelaphi. Lab' onkulunkulu bobuBuddha, kanye nama-buddha nama-bodhisattvas, bebelokhu bekhona njengonkulunkulu ezindaweni eziyisi-6 zobukhona kanye nezinkulungwane zemijikelezo yomhlaba. Eqinisweni, izithombe eziwubukhazikhazi zonkulunkulu bamaBuddha zadalwa ukuze zikhulekele onkulunkulu bobuBuddha, amaBuddha, nama-bodhisattva aphakeme enkolelweni yamaBuddha.
Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezehlukene zobunkulunkulu ezihlala ezindaweni ezingaphezulu nangaphansi kwendawo yomuntu. Abanamandla kunabo bonke onkulunkulu boBuddhism abahlonzwa ngokuthi ama-devas nama-brahmas; kanye nabanye onkulunkulu abafana nama-nagas, ama-kinnara nama-garuda angatholakala endaweni yabantu; ekugcineni, onkulunkulu bomqaphi wamaBuddha (Dharmapala) bangahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kodwa nasesihogweni.
Izincazelo zonkulunkulu beBuddhism
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobunkulunkulu ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni womuntu ngokwalo mkhuba wenkolo, futhi ngezansi sichaza ngamunye wabo:
- I-Devas ne-Brahmas: bayizidalwa eziphakeme eziphakathi kwamazulu okuqala amahlanu akhiwe ngezingqimba ngaphezu kombuso womuntu; laba banekhono lokuzibonakalisa ngesimo sezinto ezibonakalayo noma esingabonakali.
- Nagas: zingama-semi-divine abonakala ngokuma kwenyoka noma ukubukeka komuntu. Ukulandisa kwale nkolo kubonisa ukuthi i-naga «Mara» edume kabi kakhulu yalinga uBuddha ngenkathi ezindla ngaphansi kwesihlahla sombhodhi onqenqemeni lokukhanyiselwa; AmaNaga ahlotshaniswa nemizimba yamanzi njengamachibi nemifula.
- kinnaras: bayizidalwa ezinganekwane uhhafu womuntu nenye inyoni, lezi zivela ezintabeni zase-Himalaya ukuze zisize abantu ezikhathini ezinzima; Ngokuvamile, basesimweni esingapheli senjabulo, ngakho kujwayelekile ukuthi bahlale bedansa futhi becula.
- garudas: ama-garuda yizinyoni ezinkulu ezinobutha obuthile nama-nagas, yingakho zivame ukumelwa ziphethe inyoka ezinzipho; lezi zinezici ezilinganiselwe ezifana nonkulunkulu kanti ezinye zingathatha isimo somuntu uma kudingeka.
- dharmapala: Leli igama lesiSanskrit elihumusha ncamashi ngokuthi "Guardian of the Dharma". Lezi zithixo ezinonya zamaBuddha zingabavikeli boBuddhism, nababhubhisi bezithiyo ekufezekeni okungokomoya; nokho, ukubukeka kwakhe okwesabekayo kuphikisa izinhloso zakhe zobubele.
Nakuba benamandla kakhulu, onkulunkulu bobuBuddha abakakufinyeleli ukugcwaliseka komgomo wokugcina okungukuthi: iNirvana. Kanjalo, onkulunkulu bobuBuddha baphakeme kunabantu, kodwa ababona amaBuddha.
Amagugu amathathu asetshenziswa onkulunkulu beBuddhism
Naphezu komehluko ezinhlobonhlobo zobuBuddha, kuhlale kunezinsika ezintathu ezifanayo ezibizwa ngokuthi Amagugu Amathathu. Lawa ngoBuddha, iDharma, okuyimfundiso kaBuddha, kanye neSangha, okuwumphakathi olandela imfundiso.
Ngakho lapho umuntu amukela ifilosofi yobuBuddha futhi efuna ukuyenza ingxenye yokuphila kwakhe, indlela evamile iwukuba “Ngiphephela kuBuddha, ngiphephela eDharma, ngiphephela eSangha.” I-Dharma imfundiso kaBuddha esekelwe emaQinisweni Amane Ahloniphekile futhi lokhu kufanekiselwa isondo; futhi ekuqaleni i-Sangha yayiwumphakathi wezindela futhi kamuva lokhu kuzohlanganisa bonke labo ababelandela indlela yamaBuddha.
- Igugu lokuqala nguBuddhaUkuphephela kuBuddha akucashi ekuphepheni kwesidalwa esinamandla, ukuphephela kulesi simo kufana nokungena embonweni omusha, ukuqaphela okusha okungenzeka ngaphakathi kwethu sonke. Ngokuphephela kuBuddha, sizivumelanisa nekhono lokuba uBuddha ngokwethu, ukufuna ikhono lokuphaphama kulokho uBuddha abhekana nakho; leli jewel eliyigugu lisikhumbuza ukuthi sithole imvelo yethu kaBuddha.
- Igugu lesibili yiDharma, kuyindlela efuna imfundiso kaBuddha futhi ezogcina iholele ekuvukeni. Ngakho-ke i-Dharma isifundisa uzwelo kithina kanye nabanye ngokuqonda amaQiniso Amane Ahloniphekile futhi isiholela ekubeni sizikhulule ekwesabeni nasekungazini; le ndlela ihlanganisa ukwamukela izimfundiso zikaBuddha nokusebenzisa lokho kuqonda ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
- Igugu lesithathu yi-Sangha, okuhlanganisa nalabo ababuthana ngamaqembu anoma yibuphi usayizi ukuze batadishe, baxoxe, bazindle benesifiso sokusiza nokusiza lelo qembu. UBuddha wabona ukuthi ukuxhumana nabanye endleleni kubalulekile kulo mkhuba, futhi waphawula ukuthi lokhu kubalulekile ezindela ezigcotshiwe kanye nakulabo abasemphakathini wonkana.
Emfundisweni yasekuqaleni nasemiphakathini yamanje yaseTheravada, i-Sangha ibhekisela kuphela kuzindela, izindela, nabanye othisha abamisiwe. Umqondo we-Sangha uhunyushwa kabanzi emaqenjini amaningi aseMahayana naseNtshonalanga ukuze afake bonke labo abamukela i-Dharma njengomphakathi.
Imithetho emi-5 yeBuddhism
Njengoba nje amagugu amathathu akha uhlaka olulula lokudluliselwa kwefilosofi yamaBuddha, le mithetho emihlanu iyiziqondiso ezibalulekile zokuziphatha kubalandeli befilosofi. Le mithetho emihlanu ayilona iqoqo eliphelele lemithetho eqinile, kodwa inikeza isisekelo esisebenzayo sempilo enhle nelungile ezoveza indawo efanele lapho singazifunela khona amaqiniso ethu, yilezi:
- Ungabulali ngamabomu izidalwa eziphilayos: Sinyathela izintuthwane nsuku zonke, futhi lokhu akukhona ukunganaki ngempela, futhi ngiyangabaza ukuthi kungenzeka ukugwema ukushaya iphela lilibalekele, nokho-ke, ukubulawa ngamabomu kwabanye abantu nokubulawa kwezilwane okungenangqondo ngomdlalo ngokuqinisekile akunjalo. ezifiselekayo kumaBuddha. Umgomo oyinhloko walo mthetho uwukuthuthukisa ukukhathalela ukuphepha nenhlalakahle yabanye nokuba nozwelo kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo.
- Thatha kuphela lokho okunikeziwe: lokhu kubanzi kunokungantshontshi njengoba kusho ukubuyisela izinto ezibolekiwe nokungathathi inzuzo engafanele ngisho noma kusengaphansi kwemithetho yezwe; lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele uhlakulele umuzwa wokudlala ngokungenzeleli kanye nokuphana kwabanye.
- Ukuziphatha okungalungile kocansi, kodwa kungahunyushwa njengokuthi akuhlukumezi izinzwa: Njengomfutho oqine kakhulu ngemva komzwelo ongokwemvelo wokusinda, inkanuko yobulili izobusa izimpilo zethu futhi ibangele ukuhlupheka okukhulu ngaphandle uma iqondiswa ngokuhlakanipha nangekhono. Ukuphila ngokweqile, futhi ikakhulukazi ukudla ngokweqile, nakho kubangela ubuhlungu; ngakho lo myalo usikhuthaza ukuba saneliswe ukuphila okulula.
- ungakhulumi amanga, ukungaqambi amanga, ukunyundela, ukuhlanekezela amanga noma ukuhleba ngonya: Lokhu kusifundisa ukukhuluma ngokwethembeka nangomusa nokuba nezisusa ezinhle lapho siqala ingxabano.
- gwema izinto anobuthis: Lokhu kuhlanganisa utshwala, izidakamizwa ezingadingekile, nezivuseleli ezifana nogwayi ne-caffeine; lo mthetho ubalulekile ukuthuthukisa umcabango onengqondo futhi uzovumela ukuthuthukiswa kokucaca kwangaphakathi okudingekayo ekucabangeni.
Njengenjwayelo, uBuddha wayenozwelo futhi esebenza kahle, encoma kunokuba agcizelele ngokuqinile ukuthi le mithetho emihlanu yayibalulekile. Kodwa kunomqondo omuhle omkhulu esimisweni ngasinye, futhi ngokuhlala nabo nsuku zonke, indlela iba sobala ukuze ukwazi ukugxila ekufuneni kwakho siqu ukuqonda okukhanyiselwe.
Bayini onkulunkulu beBuddhism?
Ekuqaleni ezinganekwaneni zamaBuddha, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kukhona izidalwa ezibizwa ngokuthi amaDeva, okuyizidalwa ezizizwa futhi ezihlupheka njengoba thina bantu sibona, empeleni zinokuphila ovukweni futhi lokhu kuzinikeza ulwazi nokuhlakanipha okukhulu kunanoma yimuphi umuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibonakala ngokuyinhloko njengezibaluleke kakhulu endleleni yokuhlangana kweqiniso kanye nomgomo wefilosofi yamaBuddha. Nokho, lokhu kuthambekela kuchaza ukuthi uSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha) uwukukhanya kwaphakade, uphawu olukhona yonke indawo yendawo yonke futhi ngokuphathelene nalokhu ungumfundisi walaba nkulunkulu bobuBuddha abedlula bonke ekufundiseni nasekusebenziseni indlela yokwenza izinto.
Bonke onkulunkulu beBuddhism bangatholakala kalula cishe kuwo wonke amathempeli nezindela zamaBuddha, ngaphezu kwalezi zibalo ezibalulekile kuzo zonke izikole ukuze zibonakale kalula, futhi zivame ukubonakala ngezindlela zabo, izimpawu kanye nemvelaphi enikezwe imibuso eyisithupha yamaBuddha futhi izinkulungwane zemijikelezo yomhlaba, lapho iningi limelelwe njengonkulunkulu ngaphansi komhlaba nangaphezu kwendawo yomuntu; lezi izi:
Daitoku Myō-ō
Lobu bunkulunkulu kuthiwa buvela endaweni yasentshonalanga futhi bunguNkulunkulu wesivikelo nokunqoba, ngakho unamandla okubusa odrako, izinyoka, kanye nokuqeda ububi ukuze abuguqule bube ubuhle. Ukubukeka kwakhe kumelelwe ngeziyisithupha: ubuso, imilenze nezingalo eziphethe izinkemba nemikhonto, zihlale zigibele inkomo emhlophe.
Fudō Myō-ō
Ibhekwa njengonkulunkulu ongumnakekeli wenkolo yobuBuddha okubhekiselwa kuyo isimo senkosi yokuhlakanipha, njengoba iphakathi konkulunkulu abane abasatshalaliswa phakathi kwamaphuzu amane ayinhloko; lonkulunkulu ukhonzwa ngoBuddhism bamaShayina namaJapane lapho bemnika igama elithi Acalanatha. Ukumelwa kwakhe kumbonisa ephethe inkemba yomlilo esandleni sakhe futhi esandleni sakhe sobunxele intambo abopha ngayo amademoni futhi akhiphe abalingani bakhe, amalangabi ayo afanekisela ukuthi ulwa nesihogo.
Gōzanze Myō-ō
Uphawu lwalo nkulunkulu luhlotshaniswa nobulungiswa kanye nokulwa nentukuthelo, ukufutheka, kanye nokuba yisitha se-naivety; lobu bunkulunkulu buhola onkulunkulu abavikelayo. Ngokuvamile, uvezwa ngobuso obuthathu obubonisa ukubukeka okusongelayo, ngaphezu kokuba nemilenze emibili nezingalo eziyisithupha eziphethe izikhali ezisezingeni eliphezulu esandleni ngasinye.
Gundari Myō-ō
Ungunkulunkulu ongumvikeli ohlonishwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eVajrayana Buddhism, kuthiwa uyi-cardinal point of the south, enobuso obusabisayo obuthathu, izingalo eziyisishiyagalombili ezisebenzisa izikhali kanye nezinyoka entanyeni nasemilenzeni.
Kongo-Yasha Myō-ō
Ivela enkolelweni yamaShingon yobuBuddha baseJapane, ihlonishwa njengonkulunkulu ovikelayo ohlanganisa amandla nomfutho, kuthiwa iyindawo eyikhadinali yasenyakatho futhi ivame ukumelwa ngobuso obuthathu obubukeka obusongelayo nezingalo eziyisithupha, futhi kwezinye izithombe. amkhombise ubuso obubodwa nezingalo ezine.
Onkulunkulu baseTibetan
Babuswa umholi wezombangazwe wabo bonke abantu baseTibet obizwa ngokuthi iDalai Lama, ohlonzwa njengomholi ophakeme kakhulu ngokomoya, ezikoleni eziningi banezigaba ezihlukene futhi ziyahlukahluka ngokwezinqubo zabo zomoya. Lo mkhuba ukhonya kuzo zonke izizwe zaseMongolia naseTibet, i-Dalai Lama inguthisha wezinga eliphezulu kakhulu umsuka wayo ususelwa ku-Buddhist Himalayas.
Iqukethe ukuhlanganyela okwazisa kakhulu, hhayi engxenyeni engokwenkolo kuphela kodwa nasohlangothini lwezenhlalo nezomnotho lwaseTibet, oluhlanganisa izindaba eziningi zangaphakathi esikoleni ngasinye sezikole zayo njengoba isihloko sobungcwele bakhe sinikezwa umbusi ngamunye; ngaphakathi kweDalai Lama, kukhona ulwazi lwemikhuba yokuvikela ukuhlanganyela kwakhe njengomholi namandla, okuyisiko kanye nefa.
Uphawu lwamaLama luhlobene eduze nemisinga yamaBuddha edume kakhulu eNtshonalanga, futhi ngo-2011 ubukhosi banquma ukunikeza ubuholi obungokomoya ngokwemvelaphi yabo yamasiko.
Samsara
EbuBuddha, i- samsara ngokuvamile ichazwa njengomjikelezo ongapheli wokuzalwa, ukufa, nokuvuka; noma kungase futhi kuqondwe njengezwe lokuhlupheka nokunganeliseki ( dukkha ), okuphambene ne-nirvana, okuyisimo sokukhululeka ekuhluphekeni kanye nomjikelezo wokuzalwa kabusha.
Ngokwezwi nezwi, igama lesiSanskrit elithi samsara lisho "ukugeleza" noma "ukudlula"; lokhu kungaqondwa ngokulinganayo njengesimo sokuboshwa ukuhaha, inzondo nokungazi, noma njengeveli lokukhohlisa elifihla iqiniso leqiniso. Kufilosofi yendabuko yamaBuddha, sonke sinamathele ku-samsara impilo yonke ngemva kokuphila kuze kube yilapho sithola ukuvuswa ngokukhanyiselwa.
Kodwa-ke, incazelo engcono kakhulu ye-samsara, kanye nenye onomqondo wesimanjemanje, ingaba yileyo enikezwe indela yaseTheravada nothisha u-Thanissaro Bhikkhu othi:
"Esikhundleni sendawo, kuyinqubo: ukuthambekela kokuqhubeka nokudala imihlaba bese uthuthela kuyo." Futhi khumbula ukuthi lokhu kudalwa nokunyakaza akwenzeki kanye nje, ekuzalweni. Sikwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi."
Ngakho-ke asigcini nje ngokudala imihlaba, kodwa futhi siyazidala thina. Izidalwa zonke ziyizinqubo zezimo zomzimba nezengqondo. UBuddha wafundisa ukuthi lokho esikubheka njengobuntu bethu obuhlala njalo, ukuzazisa kwethu, ukuzazi, nobuntu bethu, akukona okungokoqobo; kodwa, iqhubeka ikhiqiza kabusha ngokusekelwe ezimeni zangaphambilini nokukhetha.
Kusukela umzuzwana kuye komzuzwana, imizimba yethu, imizwa, ukucabanga, imibono nezinkolelo, kanye nokwazi kusebenza ndawonye ukudala inkohliso "yemi" ehlala njalo futhi ehlukile. Futhi, ngokwezinga elikhulu iqiniso lethu “langaphandle” liwukuboniswa kweqiniso lethu “langaphakathi”; ngakho-ke esikuthatha njengokungokoqobo kuhlale kwakhiwa kakhulu yizinto esizibonayo emhlabeni. Ngandlela thize, ngamunye wethu uphila ezweni elihlukile esilidala ngemicabango nemibono yethu.
Singacabanga-ke ngokuzalwa kabusha njengento eyenzeka ukusuka kwenye impilo iye kwenye futhi futhi into eyenzekayo umzuzu nomzuzu. EbuBuddha, ukuzalwa kabusha noma ukuphindukuzalwa akukhona ukudluliselwa komphefumulo womuntu emzimbeni osanda kuzalwa (njengoba kwakukholelwa enkolweni yobuHindu), kodwa kunalokho izimo ze-karmic nemiphumela yokuphila eqhubekela phambili ekuphileni okusha. Ngalolu hlobo lokuqonda, singahumusha le modeli ukuthi isho ukuthi ngokwengqondo "sizalwa kabusha" izikhathi eziningi ezimpilweni zethu.
Ngokufanayo, singacabanga ngeziNdawo Eziyisithupha njengezindawo lapho "singazalwa kabusha" noma nini. Ngosuku olulodwa, singadlula kuzo zonke; Ngalo mqondo wesimanjemanje, izindawo eziyisithupha zingacatshangwa njengezimo zengqondo. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi ukuhlala samsara kuyinqubo, futhi lokho kuyinto sonke esiyenzayo njengamanje, hhayi nje into esizoyenza ekuqaleni kwempilo yesikhathi esizayo.
Indawo Yezidalwa Zase-Underworld - uNaraka
Isihogo, ukuphila kwangemva kokufa, isihlanzo noma indawo engaphansi komhlaba kuye kwabonwa njengezindawo zokukhathazeka, umthwalo, ukudabuka, ubuhlungu, usizi nokuhlukunyezwa, phakathi kokunye, futhi zisendaweni ephansi kunazo zonke zomhlaba. Kodwa kumaBuddha kuhluke ngokuphelele, kuyindawo lapho izakhamuzi zingezona iziboshwa, kodwa zidlula kokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu ukuze zisuse i-karma engalungile abaye baphila kuyo yonke impilo yabo, ngakho-ke ukudlula kulokhu kuyinto yesikhashana ngokuphelele, lapho uma ukuhlolwa sekuphelile ungashiya le ndawo.
Indawo Yemimoya noma Izipoki - Preta
Esikweni lamaBuddha kunale ndawo ebhalwe ngokuthi "i-consumerism", lapho izidalwa nezidalwa zihlala osizini oluphelele, ngokuyinhloko zinobugovu, ziyahaha futhi ziyadabukisa ngokungabi nangqondo okuphelele, okusekelwe ezifisweni nasezifisweni ezingeke zanelise.
Lezi zidalwa azikuthandi ukudla ukudla, futhi nakuba zidla njalo zizizwa zinganelisekile futhi zilondoloza isifiso sokudla, emifanekisweni yobuciko zidwetshwa njengezidalwa ezinezintamo ezinde, ezincane neziphaphathekile kakhulu, ezibonisa isimo sokuba nezinto ezifana nezipoki ezilambile. .
Umbuso Wezilwane - Tiryak-Yoni
Njengoba negama lawo likhomba, lo mbuso uhlala izidalwa nezidalwa eziphilayo ezingebona abantu, kodwa ziyizilwane nje, ezisobala futhi ezingenakho ukuhlakanipha, ezenza kuphela ngokuqaphela ezikwenzayo, kodwa ezingalizwa iqiniso lokuthi umzamo wazo uwukuthi. luwusizo kunoma ubani, njalo baya phambili ukuze bathole abakufunayo.
Umbuso Wabantu - Manusya
Kuyindawo yengqondo ebaluleke kakhulu yazo zonke izidalwa zesiko lamaBuddha, ngoba kulo mbuso kwakhiwa izisekelo zentshiseko, uthando kanye nokufuna izinto ezinhle, okubhalwe kuzo njengenye yezinhle kakhulu ngomthamo nangamathuba ayo. ukuthuthukisa ngokwengqondo, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinkumbulo eziyigugu kukhiqizwa kulokhu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisembusweni wonkulunkulu.
Umbuso Wonkulunkulu - Devas
Kulo mbuso kuhlala onkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu abafayo, kuyindawo ethandwa ngokuphelele yenjabulo nenjabulo lapho kubusa ukuziqhenya komuntu siqu, futhi ngaphakathi kwezimfanelo zale ndawo kukhona amandla namandla, njengokungathi bangonkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu bezinganekwane; kodwa nakuba lezi zidalwa zingonkulunkulu, azinawo amandla noma amandla okuba abadali abakhulu noma abangcwele ngenxa yezimfanelo zabo ezifayo.
Ukwengeza, phakathi kwezici zabo eziyinhloko ungathola ithemba, ukunqoba okufunayo kanye ne-ego, nabo bafinyelela impumelelo kalula lapho uma sebetholile baqhubeka bethandeka, ngaphandle kwalokho bayoba izidalwa ezingaphelele njenge-preta.
Umbuso WamaDemigods - Asuras
Lombuso uphethwe izingxabano zamasosha kanye nomhawu odalwa phakathi kwamaqhawe; labo abahlala kulo mbuso banempilo emnandi, kodwa banomona ngalabo abahlala embusweni wamaDeva ngokukholelwa ukuthi bangaphansi kwabo, njengoba nje abantu bebuka izilwane eTiryak-Yoni, lapho ama-karma abonakaliswa njengomsebenzi. uvuko olufana nesamsara.
unkulunkulukazi ovikelayo
Laba nkulunkulu badumile ngomqondo wabo wokuvikela labo ababacelayo, babizwa ngokuthi ama-Tārā, futhi baxhunyaniswe ngokuqondile ne-Tantric Buddhism lapho bebhekwa njengonina wenkululeko, benezimfanelo ezinjengomusa, ubuntu, impumelelo emsebenzini nezigigaba.
Kuyaqokonyiswa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa samuntu kwaphezulu kuyinkosazana egcwele ukuhlakanipha enconywa futhi ethandwa kakhulu, abanye babonisa ukuthi lo nkulunkulukazi wamaBuddha uMariya oyiNcasakazi ohlonishwa yinkolo yamaKatolika; KumaBuddha, lab’ onkulunkulukazi bafundisa futhi baqondise abanye, ngakho babhekwa njengabawusizo olukhulu nokubambisana ekwenzeni lesi siko.
Abanye onkulunkulukazi beBuddhism
Ukuze ube nolwazi olubanzi kancane mayelana nabanye onkulunkulukazi abanethonya kusiko lobuBuddha, ngezansi uzokwethulwa okubaluleke kakhulu, lokhu yilaba:
ekajati
Ungummeleli wokuhlakanipha, ngaphezu kokuba ngumzuzi wokuhle onqobayo phezu kobubi; bamenza samuntu ngokubonisa ifindo ezinweleni zakhe ezimnyama, isifuba neso elizungezwe amalangabi omlilo amelela ukunqoba kwakhe okuphelele.
I-Tara eluhlaza
Ungumngane womshado womBuddha wokuqala eTibet Songtsen Gampo, owasukuma ukuze adlulisele izimfundiso nezindlela ezinkulu; Lobu bunkulunkulu bumele ukuvikeleka engozini nasebubini, ngokuvamile uqeda yonke into ngendlela engakhululeki kumuntu, ngoba noma ubani omcelayo ngokholo nangokuzinikela, kunalokho unikeza isihe nokuphulukisa.
ukukulla
Lo nkulunkulukazi ubalwe njengonesibopho sokuhlangana kwabashadile; Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyacelwa futhi ahlonishwe lapho ufuna ukuzuza amandla, ukuvikelwa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Lo nkulunkulukazi uvame ukumelelwa onombala obomvu esikhumbeni sakhe, izingalo ezine ezibambe umqhele wezimbali, futhi nxazonke zakhe kunendandatho yokuvikela eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka axosha ngayo imimoya emibi nonkulunkulu abayingozi.
I-Maching Landrop
Wayengumlandeli wokuqala kaChod Mahamudra, ungowesifazane onobuntu obuqinile obungokwenkolo nokuzimisela, kanti lona wesifazane ungumama wamaBuddha weNkathi Ezintathu.
Norgyuma, Yellow Tara
Lo nkulunkulukazi omuhle anganikeza ingcebo, inala, ukuchuma nengcebo kuzo zonke izici kokubili ngokomoya nangokwenyama; kanye nokuchuma komkhathi kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zomhlaba, ngengqondo nangenhliziyo.
I-Mandarawa
Lo nkulunkulukazi waqashelwa njengoDakini wemfundiso yobuBuddha baseNdiya, ngokuba omunye wabangane bakaPadmasambhava, waba umeluleki wonkulunkulu bobuBuddha.
U-Marici
Imvamisa, icelwa amakholwa athembekile ahamba njalo; Lobu nkulunkulu bumelela ukuqala kwemvelo, ngaphezu kokuqeda noma yiziphi izithiyo. Bamenza samuntu ngamakhanda amathathu (elilodwa elibomvu, elilodwa elimhlophe nelilodwa eliphuzi), unezingalo eziyisishiyagalombili eziphethe izikhali nezinto zokuzivikela njengezintambo nemikhonto, umzimba wakhe wonke uhamba esihlalweni sobukhosi esidonswa izingulube eziyisikhombisa.
Salgye Du Dalma
Uma senza i-yoga, ukuzindla noma sifuna ukulala kabusha nobuthongo obujulile, lo nkulunkulukazi ucelwa ukuba avikele ubuthongo obungcwele ebusuku, ngale ndlela ukuthula okudingekayo kufinyelelwa.
samanthabhadri
Ungunkulunkulukazi ofanekisela ukungenalutho, ukuqala kokumsulwa njengombala omhlophe, yingakho eboniswa enqunu ngokuphelele njengophawu lobumsulwa; futhi ngesiko lamaBuddha waziwa kakhulu ngokuthi “wonke umuntu wesifazane olungile”.
i-tara emhlophe
Lonkulunkulukazi uhlezi endaweni yokuzindla lapho olunye lwezinyawo zakhe luhlezi embalini encane yelotus, iso lakhe lozwela livulekile, kanye nezintende zezandla zakhe ezimbili; Ukubaluleka kwalokhu kumelwa kusho ukuvikela nokuzivikela kwabampofu, nokunikeza izipho ezinjengokuvikela imizwa, ukuthethelelwa nesihe.
Unkulunkulukazi uPalden Lhamo
Uwukuphela kukankulunkulukazi okhulekelwa izindela zaseTibet, njengoba ebhekwa njengosanta ongumvikeli weLhasa kanye neDalai Lama, isikhumba sakhe simnyama futhi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namashiya namadevu akhanya ilangabi, kwesinye sezandla zakhe uphethe inkomishi enengxenye. kusukela ebuchosheni bendodana yakhe (njengesenzo sokulala nesihlobo ayenaso), uzithola ezungezwe izintambo ezenziwe ngamakhanda, futhi enkabeni yakhe kuboniswe icwecwe elikhazimulayo elikhazimulayo.
Goddess Tsongkhapa
Kulula ukubona nokuhlukanisa lo nkulunkulukazi phakathi kwabanye besiko lamaBuddha, ngenxa yesigqoko sakhe esiphuzi esigcinelwe i-Gelugpa, izandla zakhe zisesimweni sesondo elijikelezayo lemfundiso kanye nenkemba eseceleni yakhe ebonisa ukuhlakanipha kanye incwadi yembali ye-lotus; lo nkulunkulukazi ubhalwe ngokujulile njengomuntu ovela eTibetan Buddhism.
Unkulunkulukazi Vajrapani
Ungomunye wonkulunkulu abathathu phakathi konkulunkulu baseBuddhism abavikela iNkosi uBuddha, ungunkulunkulukazi wamandla. Ekufanekisweni kwakhe, ngokuvamile ugqoka umqhele futhi izingubo zimbozwe isikhumba sengwe, esandleni sakhe sokunene une-vajra yaseTibet (uhlobo lwensimbi) kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi i-lasso abopha ngayo futhi abambe bonke abamelene nabo. Isiko lamaBuddha nalo lizungezwe amalangabi njengophawu lwamandla alo phezu kobubi.
Kwan Yin Unkulunkulukazi Womusa
Lo nkulunkulukazi uhlonishwa kakhulu ngokuba inguqulo yesifazane kaBuddha phakathi konkulunkulu bobuBuddha, ngakho ungowesifazane ongcwele kunabo bonke enkolweni. Umele isihe nesihe, kanye nokuzala, yingakho ebhekwa njengonina wabo bonke futhi njengowesifazane nomama, ungumvikeli wabo bonke abesifazane nabantwana. Amakholwa amaningi kanye nabelaphi bayakuqinisekisa ukuthi wukuzalwa kabusha kweNcasakazi eNgcwele uMariya enkolweni yobuKhatholika, wona lamakholwa athi akungenanga ezulwini, ngoba akukwazanga ukukhulula bonke abantu ekuhluphekeni kwabo.
izinkulungwane zezikhali
Lo nkulunkulukazi ukhulekelwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezinamagama ahlukene futhi usetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene, isibonelo, e-Iran naseJapane ukhulekelwa ngegama likaKannon futhi umelela ukuzinikela, kuyilapho ezindaweni ezingcwele zaseTaiwan kufanele abekwe ngenxa yenhlonipho. i-altare elikhulu, eShayina, eTibet, eNyakatho-ntshonalanga naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ungomunye wonkulunkulukazi ababaluleke kakhulu nabaqalwe kulo mkhuba wenkolo.
Okuhlanganisa zonke izethulo zayo wuphawu lwesihe, intethelelo nozwelo, lobu bunkulunkulu bubuye bubhekele ukuguqulwa kwamaShakyamuni noMaitreya Buddha, ezikoleni zamaBuddha bawugcina kuzo zonke izimfundiso zabo kokubili ekuqeqesheni nasekusebenzeni imisebenzi. lokho kuholela ensindisweni ngosizo lwakhe, ekhumbula ukuthi uBuddha ungumuntu ofana nanoma yimuphi omunye futhi kanjalo nabo banethuba lokuzuza i-nirvana.
esoteric
Lo nkulunkulukazi uyacelwa lapho ukuthula kungekho, ngakho kuvamile ukumthola kunoma iyiphi indawo engcwele yamaBuddha kanye nakunoma yiliphi i-altare lasekhaya. Uvezwa njengophawu lowesifazane ovamile, ogqoke umqhele onjengoBuddha futhi ephethe izinto zokuzivikela, izimbali zelotus, namagatsha omzane ezingalweni zakhe.
onkulunkulu bezindlovu zamaBuddha
Kunenkolelo nenhlonipho enkulu ngezindlovu esikweni lamaBuddha; ngakho lezi zilwane ezingcwele zifanekisela amandla, amandla kanye nokweqa. Kukholelwa ukuthi babengokhokho lapho umhlaba uvela ukuze uthuthuke, imizimba yawo imelela umhlaba futhi imilenze yawo emine eqinile nenamandla ifanekisela izakhi ezine ezithwala isisindo somkhathi; Ngokufanayo, ubuBuddha bugcizelela ukuthi izindlovu zingokomoya kuphela, ngakho ziwumgogodla wokukhanya.
Inkolelo yamaHindu ithi unkulunkulu omangalisayo onekhanda lendlovu uGanesha wazalwa ngemva kwenhlekelele enkulu yomhlaba wonke, wakhulelwa ingane yakhe yokuqala futhi wamgcoba ngobisi olungcwele lwendlovu ngonamathisela we-sandalwood ukuze akhe zonke ezinye izingane zakhe.
Izinkolelo mayelana nezindlovu zamaBuddha
Okulandelayo, izinkolelo nezinxushunxushu ezisetshenziswa amakholwa nabathembekile beBuddhism mayelana nendlovu kushiwo:
- Isibalo sezindlovu, sisetshenziselwa ukuvikela kanye nenhlanhla kokubili amabhizinisi nasemakhaya.
- Abafundi bangacela ukuvikelwa, usizo kanye nokukhanyiselwa ngesikhathi sokwethulwa kwezivivinyo nokuhlola.
- Indlovu iwuphawu oluphelele lwe-symbiosis noma ukushintshana kwamandla.
- Lesi silwane siletha ukuvikeleka, ukuchuma kanye nesiqiniseko kukho konke ofuna ukukwenza.
Lo nkulunkulu ubaluleke ngokwedlulele, ngakho ngesikhathi sokugubha iminyaka yakhe kunemikhosi emikhulu enikeza inala yokudla, izimbali nezithelo njengenkonzo yokuhlonipha lo Nkulunkulu. Kuleli siko, ukudla kuvame ukudliwa kakhulu futhi ingxenye yakho iyiswa ogwini lolwandle i-Indian Ocean ukuyohanjiswa olwandle.
NgokobuBuddha baseNdiya, eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-500 ngaphambi kukaKristu, iNdlovukazi uMaya yathola isangoma ezindlovu ezimhlophe, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zokukhulelwa yazala indoda eyayizoba umbusi omkhulu, umvikeli othembekile wabo bonke abantu.
Wazala kanjalo uSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha), njengoba nje izazi zezinkanyezi zenkosi zazibikezele, ezathi kwakuyozalwa indoda eyayiyoba umbusi womhlaba nomvikeli wabantu. Eqinisweni, kungenxa yale ndaba ukuthi izindlovu zihlonishwa kakhulu futhi zingcwele emasikweni amaBuddha.
Onkulunkulu abakhulu beBuddhism
Kulesi sigaba sendatshana sizokukhombisa ngendlela elula abanye boBuddha lapho izimfanelo ezahlukahlukene, izibalo kanye nemibuso kubhekwe kubo:
UShakyamuni Buddha
UBuddha wokuqala nomlando, owaphila cishe ngo-600 BC, uthathwa njengomsunguli oyinhloko wenkolo yamaBuddha, uvame ukumelwa ngezinwele eziluhlaza ngenxa ye-aura emzungezile ngaso sonke isikhathi, uhlezi endaweni yokuzindla futhi unezinwele eziluhlaza. isitsha sokuncenga esiphethwe ngesandla sobunxele, kuyilapho esinye isandla sihlezi phansi sibiza umhlaba ukuba ufakaze. Lo Buddha ubheka ukuthi umhlaba kanye/noma umhlaba kufanele usebenze njengofakazi endleleni yakhe yokukhanya engenaphutha phakathi konkulunkulu bobuBuddha.
UMaitreya Buddha
Uhluke ngokuphelele kuBuddha wangaphambili ngoba umelela uBuddha wesikhathi esizayo, unguBuddha wokugcina wasemhlabeni wenkathi yesine nesimanje, uqeqeshwe njengomfundisi omkhulu futhi kufanele abe ophethe ukuqondisa isintu ebuBuddha. . Ekumeleleni kwakhe unesimo sokuhlala phansi izinyawo zombili ziphansi, ngoba ngale ndlela uyakwazi ukuma ahlale kanye kanye, okubonisa okuzayo, ubuye agqoke umqhele wezimbali eziphothene, nokuthinta ngesandla okukhombisa I-Dharmachakra okuyi-Buddhism isho ukufundisa.
Avalokiteshvara Buddha
Kuyamangalisa ukubona lo Buddha, njengoba amakhanda akhe ayishumi nanye nezingalo eziyizinkulungwane zizodwa zimenza angenakuqhathaniswa phakathi kwabanye oBuddha; lokhu kubonisa ububele, njengoba ebhekwa njengosanta ongumvikeli wamaTibet. Ungunkulunkulu wokukhanya, futhi isici sakhe esiyinhloko siwukuthi ukhonza uNkulunkulu kangangokuthi akazange aye eNirvana ukuze asize abahluphekayo futhi abalethe ensindisweni. Njengamanje kunezithombe ezingaphezu kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili (108) zalo Nkulunkulu ka-Buddha i-Avalokiteshvara, kodwa zonke zinomqhele obekwe ebusweni bokugcina obungaphezulu, obuphakeme kakhulu, obunikeza udumo olukhulu.
Manjushri Buddha
Uqashelwa ngokugcwele njengoBuddha wokuhlakanipha nezincwadi zamaBuddha, kusho uphawu olukhulu lwabafundi abakholwayo beBuddhism nezindela, yibona abavame ukuthandaza futhi bamkhulekele ukuze abaphe izipho zolwazi nokuhlakanipha. Ekumeleleni kwakhe, ngokuvamile uphatha umbhalo noma incwadi mayelana nembali encane ye-lotus kanye nenkemba enquma izimpawu zokungazi lutho zolwazi lwamasiko; Ngokuvamile, ucelwa ukuba anikeze inkumbulo, ulwazi, ukuthula, namandla amakhulu okuhumusha imibhalo.
mahakala Buddha
Ungomunye wabavikeli balesi siko lobuBuddha, lo Nkulunkulu weBuddhism ubhekise ezipoki, amademoni kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona eziye zaguqulwa zaba ubuBuddha, waziwa kakhulu ngokwenziwa samuntu okucasulayo kanye nobukhulu obukhulu bezithombe zakhe eziqoshiwe.
I-Mahakala Buddha ingatholakala emimelelweni emile, inamehlo amathathu futhi esandleni sayo sokunene iphethe ummese we-vajra aqeda ngawo ukuziphatha okudelelayo nemikhuba emibi, esandleni sakhe sobunxele uphethe inkomishi efana nogebhezi, izandla zakhe zangemuva uphethe isigqoko esinamakona amathathu kanye neselesele, ugqoke isikhumba sengwe futhi umqhele wakhe wakhiwe ngezingebhezi ezinhlanu ezifanekisela inzondo, ukuhaha, ukungazi nomona, lapho enza khona ama-potions ukuze aqede le mizwa emibi.
Padmasambhava Buddha
Ukuzalwa kanye nemvelaphi yayo kwakungembali ye-lotus, ingatholakala futhi ngaphansi kwegama likaGuru Rinpoche futhi yaba nesibopho sokusungula ubuBuddha obuphathekayo baseTibet. Njengomsebenzi oyinhloko ugqoke isigqoko esinama-earflaps phezulu, unentshebe, esandleni sakhe sokudla uphethe ucingo olufanekisela idayimane, kanti esandleni sakhe sobunxele unenduku yomlingo ene-trident esiqongweni evutha amalangabi.
uBuddha palden lhamo
Uhluke ekubeni yedwa owesifazane onombuso omkhulu phakathi kwabo bonke onkulunkulu baseBuddhism, ungumqaphi kanye nomgcini wezinto zonke zamasiko, ubonakala njengomvikeli wenkolo ogqoke izigqoko eziphuzi, ikakhulukazi esikoleni saseGelugpa saseTibetan. UbuBuddha . Lesi sithombe sikhonjiswa sigibele umnyuzi olwandle lwegazi, sizungezwe izintambo eziphuzi ezinamakhanda ayishumi nanhlanu ahlukene, siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama, sibonisa amabele alengayo, esandleni saso sinendebe eyenziwe ngogebhezi, amadevu namashiya kuvutha umlilo.
Tsongkhapa Buddha
Uphinde abe ngumlando obhaliwe, okumenza umsunguli wesikole sokugcina kwezine eziyinhloko zobuBuddha baseTibet: iGelug. I-Tsongkhapa kulula kakhulu ukuyibona: ugqoke isigqoko esiphuzi esigcinelwe i-Gelugpa, izandla zakhe zenza isenzo se-Dharmachakra-Mudra (Isondo Elijikelezayo Lemfundiso), futhi ngakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele singathola, ngokulandelana, inkemba. (uphawu lokuhlakanipha) kanye nencwadi esekelwa izimbali ezimbili ze-lotus.
Vajrapani Buddha
Kungamandla okugcina aleli siko lasendulo nelidumile emhlabeni wonke, elitholakala eceleni konkulunkulu baseBuddhism: u-Avalokiteshvara, onozwelo, noManjushri, ohlakaniphile; ezintathu zingamayunithi okuzivikela avikela uSiddhartha Gautama (Buddha), ukumelwa kwakhe kuzungezwe umlilo futhi kufanekisela abalingiswa beDharampal.
Lo Buddha ufaka umqhele futhi ugqoke isikhumba sengwe azimboze ngaso, esandleni sakhe sokudla uphethe ucingo futhi esandleni sakhe sobunxele umnsalo omkhulu wokubamba zonke izitha nalabo abamelene nale mfundiso yenkolo, bebumba onkulunkulu bobuBuddha.
Ungathandaza kanjani konkulunkulu beBuddhism?
Izimangaliso zamaBuddha zingenzeka kakhulu lapho ozinikele ehola indlela yokuphila enhle. Ngenxa yalokho, amaBuddha alandela le mithetho ngokuhambisana nomthandazo, enza izenzo zokupha nokuzindla, ecabangela le mithetho emihlanu yobuBuddha okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla.
Futhi, onkulunkulu abaningi beBuddhism bane-mantra abazinikele abayishoyo ukuze bathole umusa wabo, lapho ukuphindaphinda okwengeziwe kuba ngcono. Abaningi abazinikele benza iminikelo e-altare likankulunkulu, njengokudla.
AmaMantras
I-mantra yigama, uhlamvu, umusho, noma umusho omfushane oshiwo kanye noma uculwe ngokuphindaphindiwe (kungaba ngokuzwakalayo noma ekhanda lomuntu) futhi kukholakala ukuthi unomphumela ojulile womoya kumuntu. I-mantra eyaziwa kakhulu yi-Avalokiteshvara mantra: om mani padme hum. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa kusho ukuthi “Bheka! Igugu ku-lotus!”, kodwa le nguqulo ayisizi kangako, njengoba leli binzana alihumusheki ngempela ngenxa yokucebile kwencazelo nezimpawu ezikuqukethe.
Kuvamile ukusebenzisa ubuhlalu bomthandazo ukumaka inani lokuphindaphinda kwe-mantra. Ama-Mantras angavezwa nasesondweni lomthandazo futhi aphindaphindwe ngokuphendula isondo, noma abhalwe eflethini lomkhuleko, lapho-ke umthandazo uphindaphindwa njalo lapho ifulegi lihamba emoyeni.
Amasondo omthandazo angaba yizinto ezincane umBuddha azithwala, noma izinto ezinkulu ezifika kumafidi ayisishiyagalolunye ubude ezitholakala ezindlini zezindela; Lezi zinsiza zokuthandaza ngokomzimba zivame kakhulu emiphakathini yamaBuddha aseTibet.
Izithombe zonkulunkulu beBuddhism
Kulabo abazinikele, isithombe sikankulunkulu wamaBuddha sibalulekile ngandlela thile, njengomfanekiso oqoshiwe noma umdwebo; ngakho ukuba nezithombe ezingokomfanekiso zonkulunkulu bamaBuddha kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekhaya, ekamelweni lokuzindla, noma e-altare kuyokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwalo mkhuba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimfanelo ezinhle ezimelelwa onkulunkulu bamaBuddha zingathonya izenzo zomuntu zesikhathi esizayo ukuze zithuthuke futhi zisize ekuhlanzeni i-karma.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo mayelana nonkulunkulu beBuddhism
Lokho abantu abaningi abakucabangayo ukuthi onkulunkulu baseBuddhism ababona ngempela "onkulunkulu bobuBuddha" nhlobo (ama-devas noma ama-brahmas). Eqinisweni, amanye ama-bodhisattva ahlonishwa kakhulu ngabazinikele. Isibonelo, ama-bodhisattvas asezingeni eliphezulu afana ne-Avalokiteshvara athathe izifungo zozwelo zokuhlala emjikelezweni we-samsara futhi asize impilo enengqondo.
Isibonelo esiphezulu kungaba uDalai Lama, okukholelwa ukuthi amaBuddha aseTibet ungumzimba we-Avalokitesvara. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokuqinisekile uye wazuza isikhundla sobunkulunkulu, nokho uDalai Lama akayena unkulunkulu wamaBuddha noma uBuddha. Eqinisweni, amaqiniso abalulekile onkulunkulu bamaBuddha embula igama langempela likankulunkulu wamaBuddha: Ukukhanyiselwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezikoleni zamaBuddha ezithuthuka kakhulu, amaBuddha namaBodhisattva agcwele amandla akhethekile njengonkulunkulu. Inyama eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Sambhogakaya" ivumela amaBuddha namaBodhisattvas ukuthi avele noma nini, njenganoma yini, noma kuphi. Lokhu kuzalwa kwe-sambhogakaya kungaba nokuthula, ulaka, noma ulaka; izici zalokhu kuba umuntu zenza uBuddha noma i-bodhisattva akwazi ukwelapha ukugula, ahlanze i-karma, futhi andise ukuphila.
Nokho, la mandla ayeyobhekwa njengempikiswano amaBuddha abambelele ngokuqinile emthethweni; eqinisweni, izikole zamaBuddha ezithuthukayo ziye zaphambuka kakhulu kulokho uBuddha akufundisa ngokoqobo.
Onkulunkulu bobuBuddha banobuthakathaka bomuntu
Onkulunkulu bobuBuddha (ama-devas nama-brahmas) kanye nama-bodhisattvas basekhona emjikelezweni wokuphindukuzalwa owaziwa ngokuthi i-samsara. Ngenxa yalokho, onkulunkulu nonkulunkulu bamaBuddha banobuthakathaka obufanayo nobobantu, njengesifiso sobulili, okuyize, nemizwelo; UBuddha, osuse yonke iminonjana yalobu buthakathaka bezwe, ubusa ngokuphakeme.
Futhi, onkulunkulu nonkulunkulu bobuBuddha basengazalwa kabusha endaweni yabantu. Uma kunjalo, kwakuyodingeka baqale phansi futhi baqongelele ukufaneleka okwanele ukuze babuyele ezindaweni zasezulwini; nokho, uBuddha ogcwele udlule umjikelezo wokuzalwa kabusha.
Umsuka weTheological of the gods of Buddhism
Izinhlobonhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zobuBuddha yiTheravada, iMahayana, neVajrayāna (ubuBuddha baseTibet). Ukwengeza, izinkolelo nezinqubo zehlelo ngalinye zisukela kokulandelako kakhulu ziye kweqhubekela phambili kakhulu; nokho, ngisho nomBuddha waseTheravada osadla ngoludala kumelwe avume ukuba khona konkulunkulu bobuBuddha (ama-devas nama-brahmas).
Eqinisweni, unina kaBuddha wenyukela endaweni yasezulwini yaseTusita ngemva kokufa kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkulungwane zama-devas nama-brahmas zathamela intshumayelo yokuqala ka-Buddha lapho emisa "Isondo Le-Dharma" linyakaze. Ukuba khona kwalawa ma-devas nama-brahmas kufakazelwa ezimfundisweni ezihlonipheke kakhulu nezinoqobo zikaBuddha, njenge-Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta kanye ne-Bhavacakra.
Izimfundiso zikaBuddha
Izimfundiso zobuOrthodox zobuBuddha baseTheravada zingabheka umqondo wobuBuddha wonkulunkulu nama- bodhisattva njengongenamsebenzi ngokuphathelene nokusindiswa komuntu siqu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ubuBuddha baseTheravada (owaziwa nangokuthi uHinayana) yilokho uBuddha wokuqala akufundisa abafundi bakhe. UBuddha wathi:
"I-karma yomuntu siqu iyimpahla yomuntu."
UShakyamuni Buddha
Ngakho-ke, kuyindaba elungisiwe ukuthi insindiso yakho isezandleni zakho nokuthi onkulunkulu bamaBuddha abakwazi ukwenza izimangaliso eziphelele. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokulungisa i-karma embi yomuntu ukufaka i-karma enhle.
onkulunkulu bamaBuddha abaqhubekayo
Nokho, eMahayana naseTibetan Buddhism kukhona ukwamukelwa okukhulu kakhulu konkulunkulu bamaBuddha namandla abo aphezulu; ngenxa yalokho, abazinikele bawuzwela kakhulu umqondo wezimangaliso.
Ngakho-ke, amaBuddha aseMahayana azothatha indlela ezosiza abazinikezele bazisize, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Kodwa ubuBuddha baseTibet buthuthuka kakhulu, benokholo olwanele, abazinikele bangenza izimangaliso eziphelele konkulunkulu baseTibet; lokhu kuzobandakanya ukuhlanza i-karma, ukwakha ingcebo, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nokugoba isithandwa esingasijwayele noma ngisho nenkosi ngentando yakho.
Isiphetho
Njengoba kuye kwaphawulwa kuso sonke lesi sihloko, onkulunkulu bobuBuddha bamelela izidalwa ezinamandla, eziqinile ngesimilo nomoya, ezigcwele amandla, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, izimfundiso okumelwe zidluliselwe futhi zaziwe yibo bonke abantu, zilondoloza isimo sazo nendlela yokuphila kuso sonke isikhathi. wonke amazinga. Onkulunkulu bobuBuddha baphakeme, nabo bahlukile embusweni wesintu, okubonisa kahle ukuthi kuyinto eyodwa ukuba uNkulunkulu wobuBuddha futhi enye kube uSiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha).
Onkulunkulu kuphela abaye badlula kuyo yonke indlela yokugcina abafinyelela ezulwini, okubahlukanisayo konkulunkulu abaningi ukuthi abazange bafinyelele eNirvana ngesinqumo sabo, futhi isizathu siyinhloso yabo emangalisayo yokusiza nokuhlanganyela ifilosofi yokuphila , okungukuthi ingxenye yezimfundiso ezikubonisa indlela efaneleke kakhulu yokuphila kulezi zikhathi zoshintsho.
Isayensi yeqiniso yale nkolo ilele konkulunkulu bayo abakhulu nabamangalisayo bobuBuddha, labo abathi, ngenxa yeziphiwo zabo nezimfanelo zabo ezithile, basize abantu ukuba bafinyelele ukuthula kwamaphupho nemigomo yabo osekunesikhathi eside beyilindele, ngalokhu sizobiza izimfanelo ezithile. lokho umkhuba okukulethela ubuBuddha: ukuthobeka, ukubekezela, ukuthula, uthando, ubulula, amandla angaphakathi, ukungapheleli, ukubekezelelana, inhlonipho, ukwazisa, umzamo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isimo sengqondo esihle.
Onkulunkulu beBuddhism yibo abaphelele nababalulekile kakhulu uma sikhuluma ngale nkolo, ngenxa yobukhulu nokubaluleka kwabo lapho bebhekene nezinkinga nezicelo ezenziwa kubo, baletha ukuthula kokuthola lokho okufiswayo. ukuqinisa imizwa nobuntu, ukuqeda amaphutha futhi uguqule umbono wezinto maqondana nendawo yonke.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubuBuddha akufanele buphanjaniswe nobuHindu, ngakho-ke sizobonisa umehluko olandelayo, ukuze ukwazi ukuqedela ulwazi lomhlaba wonke lwalokhu okuqukethwe:
- Inkolo yeBuddhism inomsunguli oyisisekelo onguSiddhartha Gautama (Buddha), ubuHindu abunamsunguli.
- USiddhartha Gautama (uBuddha) ungophakeme kunabo bonke konkulunkulu bobuBuddha, kuyilapho ebuHindu onkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu uGanesha, uVishnu, uShiva, uKali, phakathi kwabanye abaningi.
- Njengezindawo zokukhulekela, ubuBuddha bunezindela namathempeli amaBuddha, ama-pagoda, ama-vihara nama-stupa, kanti amaHindu anamathempeli kuphela.
- Phakathi kwemikhuba edume kakhulu yeBuddhism ukuzindla kanye neNdlela Yezenzo Eziyisishiyagalombili Ezihloniphekile, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubuHindu kukhona ukuzindla, i-yoga, ukucabangela, i-jnana neminikelo emathempelini.
- Bobabili banemibhalo engcwele kodwa ubuBuddha bugcina igama lesiPali elithi Canon futhi ngobuHindu balandela imibhalo engcwele ebizwa ngokuthi Bhagavad-gita, Mahabharata, Puranas kanye neRamayana.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko esimayelana nonkulunkulu beBuddhism sinentshisekelo, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: