Sikunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana ne onkulunkulu baseceltic bayingxenye yobunikazi bomphakathi bezenhlalo namasiko obusungulwe engxenyeni emaphakathi yezwekazi laseYurophu. Bayiqembu lonkulunkulu abanamandla phezu kwemvelo kanye namakhono angavamile omuntu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu bakhulekelwa kakhulu.” Ngiyakumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda lesi sihloko futhi ufunde okwengeziwe ngalab’ onkulunkulu abathakazelisayo bamaCelt!
Onkulunkulu bamaCeltic
Igama elithi Celtic yigama elalisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kubantu noma eqenjini labantu ababekhona ngeNkathi Yensimbi. Baxhumana ngolimi olubizwa ngeCeltic okungelinye lamagatsha ezilimi zase-Indo-European. Baziwa futhi njengeqembu lemiphakathi yezizwe ezivela ezwenikazi laseYurophu, ezabelana ngamasiko abo ezinto ezibonakalayo ngeNkathi Yensimbi phakathi kuka-1200 kuya ku-400 BC.
Izinganekwane zamaCeltic zakhiwe ngenani elikhulu lezindaba zenkolo yabo futhi njengoba kwakuvamile ngaleso sikhathi, amaCelt ayegcina inganekwane ye-polytheistic eyayisekelwe kusethi yonkulunkulu bamaCelt. Ukuthi babeyizibalo ezimelela amandla emvelo noma izimiso zokhokho kubantu baseCeltic.
Nakuba umlando owaziwa ngonkulunkulu bamaCeltic mncane kakhulu, ngoba ayikho imibhalo eminingi ebhalwe ngolimi lwesiGallic. Ngoba ngokwamaCelt angamaqaba ayengakwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Imibhalo ekhona ibhalwe ngezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiGreki, zesiLatini, nezaseNyakatho. Embhalweni obhalwe ngesiGreki kuthiwa uMbusi uJulius Caesar ufakaza ukuthi abapristi bamaCelt bangamaDruid, okusho ukuthi wayephefumulelwe onkulunkulu bamaCelt.
Kulokho okwaziwayo ngezwe lamaCeltic nonkulunkulu bamaCelt, ukuthi ayengahlangani ngokwezombangazwe, njengoba ingxenye ethile yabantu baseCeltic yayingathonywanga ngokwesiko. Yingakho kwakunemikhuba eyahlukene yendawo mayelana nenkolo yonkulunkulu abaningi ababeyenza. Isibonelo esicacile siwukuthi iningi labantu baseCelt lalikhulekela unkulunkulu wamaCelt uLugh (uLug, uLugh noma uLugus), kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi wayaziwa njengonkulunkulu wamaRoma.
Kukhona imibhalo yabantu baseCeltic lapho onkulunkulu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu Celtic baziwa. Lab’ onkulunkulu baye bafaniswa nonkulunkulu bamaRoma, nabo abaye basinda baze bamelela ngokwengeziwe njengonkulunkulu bendawo, futhi ababekhulekelwa kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, okwamanje onkulunkulu bamaCeltic bayingxenye ebalulekile yobunikazi benhlalo namasiko eye yasungulwa endaweni emaphakathi yezwekazi laseYurophu, kuhlanganise nezifunda ezithile ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, njengoba baye baxhumana kakhulu namaRoma namaCeltiberian. futhi ngale ndlela onkulunkulu bamaCelt bahlangana nabanye onkulunkulu begcizelela imvelo nonkulunkulu abathweswe imilingo.
The main Celtic Gods
Njengoba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, amaCelt ayeyiqembu labantu abangazange bahlale behlelekile, kwakukhona izizwe ezihlukahlukene ezazinikela iminikelo nemikhuba konkulunkulu abahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela kuvele iqembu lonkulunkulu bamaCelt esizolichaza elibaluleke kakhulu i-athikili yamanje:
UNkulunkulu Dagda "UNkulunkulu Omuhle"
Kubantu baseCelt, njengoba kukhona onkulunkulu abaningi bamaCelt, omunye wonkulunkulu abakhulekelwa kakhulu unkulunkulu owaziwa kakhulu uDagda, okusho ukuthi unkulunkulu omuhle. Ubhekwa njengoNkulunkulu obaluleke kunabo bonke konkulunkulu bamaCelt, njengoba enguNkulunkulu okhuthazayo wobuhle futhi ekwazi ukuba nekhono lokusebenzisa imilingo, futhi unokuyenga okukhulu onkulunkulukazi noma abantu abangenakumelana naye.
Unkulunkulu weDagda wayeyilungu elibaluleke kakhulu lomphakathi wakwaTuatha Dé Danann, iqembu lonkulunkulu base-Ireland, wayengomunye wonkulunkulu bamaCelt ababenesithakazelo esikhulu kwabesifazane, yingakho ayenga onkulunkulukazi nabesifazane babantu. Ubuhlobo uDagda uNkulunkulu aziwa kakhulu ngabo babunoMorrigan, unkulunkulukazi wamaCeltic wokufa nokubhujiswa. Lo nkulunkulukazi wayethembise ukunikeza inkululeko kubantu bakaNkulunkulu wamaDagda ukuze athole uthando lwakhe lwaphakade.
Obunye ubudlelwano bothando obaziwayo bukaDagger God yibo ayenabo nodadewabo kadadewabo, unkulunkulukazi uBoann, owayeshade nomfowabo u-Elcmar. Ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi nonkulunkulukazi, wakhulelwa futhi waba nengane yakhe yokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuthi u-Angus, uNkulunkulu wothando nobusha.
UDagda uNkulunkulu wayeyinhloko yeTuatha Dé Danann, isikhathi eside futhi wahlanganyela ezimpini eziningana ngokumelene namaFomorian, ibutho lamademoni amakhulu futhi akhubazekile, la madimoni ayeyizakhamuzi zokuqala zase-Ireland. Kodwa ngemva kokuhlala ezimpini eziqhubekayo abantu bakaDagger God bahlulwa amadodana kaMilesius, ngemva kwalokhu kunqotshwa waxoshwa amaMilesi okwakungabahlali bokugcina base-Ireland.
Phakathi kwezici namandla abaluleke kakhulu uDagda uNkulunkulu anawo, ukuthi wayeneqembu elikhulu noma iklabhu yomlingo, ayengabulala ngayo izitha zakhe futhi akwazi ukuvusa abafileyo. Ngokunjalo uNkulunkulu uDagda wayenembiza ngaphansi kwamandla akhe ukuze anikeze abantu bakhe inala futhi akekho owayengasuthi. Kuwuphawu olugqame kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zeCeltic.
Ngendlela efanayo wayenehabhu le-oki ayekwazi ukulawula ngalo izinkathi zonyaka, kanye nokukwazi ukuhumusha izingoma ngemiphumela yemilingo, lelihabhu laziwa ngegama elithi Uaithne.
Futhi unguNkulunkulu ohlonishwa kakhulu kubapristi bamaCelt abaziwa ngokuthi amaDruid. (abantu abaphefumulelwe onkulunkulu bamaCeltic). Kubantu baseCeltic uNkulunkulu uDagda uthathwa njengelungu lesigaba sobupristi abakhulu, njengoba eyinkosi yezakhi, ukubhula, umculo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke iqhawe elikhulu. Zonke lezi zici zizoba ngezonkulunkulu bamaCeltic.
God Sucellus "The God of Agriculture"
Ungomunye wonkulunkulu baseCeltic ababaluleke kakhulu ababekhona kulaba bantu. UNkulunkulu u-Sucellus waziwa njengonkulunkulu wezolimo nokuhlwanyela, kanye noNkulunkulu weziphuzo ezidakayo zamaGauls. Ubuye ahlonishwe ngemithi yendabuko yamaCeltic kanye nokuvikela amahlathi.
Ngale ndlela efanayo unkulunkulu wamaCeltic uSucellus kuthiwa unamandla okuba umdali onamandla onke kubantu baseCeltic abaziwa ngokuthi u-Arvernos noBoyos. Lo nkulunkulu umelwe onomzimba onamandla kakhulu onentshebe enkulu kakhulu futhi ophakathi. Uhlala ephethe isando esikhulu noma induku enesibambo eside kakhulu kanti kwezinye umelelwa ephethe umgqomo kabhiya esandleni sakhe.
Ezindabeni esinazo ngoNkulunkulu wamaCeltic uSucellus, usebenzisa isando sakhe esikhulu ukuze akwazi ukushaya umhlaba futhi imbewu ngayinye etshaliwe ingamila entwasahlobo ukuze inikeze isivuno esihle kakhulu. Kukhona ezinye izinguqulo lapho esebenzisa isando sakhe esikhulu ukujezisa abantu abacekela phansi izitshalo.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko u-Celtic God Sucellus anazo ukuthi bamhlanganisa nezolimo nokuvuna. Kwezinye izimo bammele kanye nomkakhe uNantosuelta, abahlotshaniswa nokuchuma ezweni lasekhaya.
Ngale ndlela efanayo, unkulunkulu uSucellus ubizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka kweziphepho nokuduma kwezulu, okumenza afane noNkulunkulu uThor ongokwesiko lamaNordic. Njengoba isivunguvungu noma ukuduma kwezulu kwenzeka lapho uNkulunkulu eshaya kakhulu induku nomhlaba.
Njengomunye wezithixo ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaCeltic. Abefundisi bamaCelt bahlale bemenzela iminikelo kwazise umsebenzi wakhe wasemhlabeni ugqame kakhulu ngoba uma engayeka ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ungadala ukubhidlika okukhulu emhlabeni, kusale amazwe akhiqizayo angabi nanzalo nezulu libe yizicucu.
UNkulunkulu Taranis "UNkulunkulu Wokuduma"
Ungomunye wonkulunkulu beCeltic abazomela ukuduma kanye nomsindo eliwukhiphayo. Kubantu abaningi besizwe samaCeltic wayaziwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu odumayo. Wafaka ukwesaba nokwesaba phakathi kwabantu, njengoba lapho ukuduma kwezulu kubangele imbubhiso kanye nomsindo abantu ababewenza ohlobene nokufika kwesiphepho.
Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Gaul, i-Austrias ne-Roman Britain. Inkolo ebalulekile yakhokhelwa uNkulunkulu wamaCeltic uTarani. Engxenyeni yase-Austria wayekhulekelwa kangangokuthi kwakunezifunda ezazibizwa ngokuthi iTaranes, iTárano, iTarna neToraño. Ebhekwa njengoNkulunkulu ovikelayo neqhawe elikhulu, uvezwa njengomfanekiso wendoda enentshebe ehamba ngezinyawo noma ngehhashi. Futhi esandleni sakhe uphethe isondo elimelela isondo le-cosmic lapho elawula khona imini nobusuku.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi uphethe umfanekiso wombani, okungamandla akhe okubangela umbani nokuduma kwezivunguvungu. Nakuba kungunkulunkulu omele abalandeli abaningi. Ihlotshaniswa nemicimbi eyahlukene njengokucekela phansi kanye neziphepho ezinkulu ezidala umonakalo kubantu.
UDea Dama "Umama Unkulunkulukazi"
Ezinganekwaneni zamaCeltic waziwa njengonina wonkulunkulu bamaCelt futhi unendawo ephakeme eduze kukaBaba uNkulunkulu nanjengonina wabo bonke onkulunkulu bamaCeltic. Kweminye imibhalo yesandla yamaCeltic esekhona, unkulunkulukazi uDea Dama umelela uziqu-zintathu.
Esigabeni sayo sokuqala, imelelwa njengonkulunkulukazi wesifazane (dana), ozobamba umama nokuzala. Isigaba sesibili unkulunkulukazi wentombazane (u-Brígida) ozoba uphawu lothando nobusha kanti isigaba sesithathu esonkulunkulukazi omdala (u-Anu), omele ukufa, kanye nokudlula. Kodwa ku-triad kukhona uhlamvu oluvamile oluwumusa.
Waziwa ngegama njengonkulunkulukazi u-Dea Dama, kanye no-Anu noma u-Ana, okuyigama lakhe e-Ireland. Obuye aziwe ngokuthi uBrigit, uthathwa njengonkulunkulukazi ongumama njengoba engumngane kankulunkulu u-Bije wase-Ireland. Lo Nkulunkulu waziwa ngokuthi uBaba uNkulunkulu wamanye amasiko enkolo.
Eqenjini lonkulunkulu bamaCelt, unkulunkulukazi uDea Dama uvezwa njengonkulunkulukazi wenzalo, ungunina wonkulunkulu abaningi kodwa indodakazi kaDagda uNkulunkulu owaziwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu omuhle. Kanye nabanye onkulunkulu bamaCeltic, uzomela ukukhanya, usuku nempilo.
Unkulunkulukazi uDea Dama nguye omele ukuba ngumama kuwo wonke ama-Celtic pantheon, imfanelo unkulunkulukazi wamaCeltic anayo ukuthi ungamanzi esibhakabhakeni. Isibonelo salokhu ukuthi igama lenye yezingane zakhe lisuselwa eMfuleni iDanube. Ukuzala kukankulunkulukazi u-Dea Dama kuhlobene nomthambeka wemifula. Ngoba amanzi emifula anika ukuphila futhi avundise izwe, alenze lithele.
Ihlelo elikhokhelwa unkulunkulukazi uDea Dama lasungulwa ezinkolweni eziningi. Nakuba unkulunkulukazi wamaCeltic uDea Dama aziwa ngezindlela eziningi, ulondoloza izinzwa zakhe ezifanayo zokukhanya, ukuphila, inzalo, umusa nobubele.
Esikweni lasendulo lamaCeltic kwakunzima kubo ukwamukela unkulunkulukazi uDea Dama njengonkulunkulu wezinzalamizi wangaleso sikhathi. Kodwa kwakudingeka aqashelwe njengonina wabo bonke onkulunkulu. Ezikhathini ezinzima lapho izitshalo zingazange zibe khona, iqhude lalihlatshwa lapho kuhlangana khona imifudlana yamanzi emithathu, ngalo mkhuba ukucasuka kukankulunkulukazi kwakudanjiswa.
Njengamanje, kwenziwa imihlatshelo kuye njengoba amandla akhe enzalo eqashelwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho kudingeka khona isivuno esihle.
UNkulunkulu Lugh "UNkulunkulu Welanga Nokukhanya"
Ukuba omunye wonkulunkulu ababaluleke kakhulu beCeltic mythology yeCeltic. Abantu abaningi baziwa njengoNkulunkulu onamandla angenamkhawulo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa imisebenzi eminingi. Unkulunkulu uLugh waziwa njengonkulunkulu omkhulu weCeltic Olympus. Uvezwa njengensizwa ebukekayo. Indaba exoxwa ngonkulunkulu uLugh iwukuthi wayenamandla angenamkhawulo, engunkulunkulu welanga wamahlathi.
Igama likaNkulunkulu uLugh limelela izincazelo ezihlukahlukene ezinjengokukhanya, umhlophe futhi ngandlela-thile igwababa. Igwababa kuthiwa yisilwane esixhunyaniswe nonkulunkulu uLugh njengoba bemphelezela ezindaweni ezahlukene. NjengoNkulunkulu wamaCeltic, uLugh wayevelele kakhulu kuzo zonke izenzo ayezenza. UMbusi uJulius Caesar akakwazanga ukuzibamba futhi wayiqhathanisa ne-mercury yamaRoma.
AmaCeltic agubha umkhosi wokudumisa unkulunkulu uLugh, njengoba uNkulunkulu uLugh aziwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu WeLanga futhi ukhokhisa izitshalo amandla ukuze zinala. Kungakho benza amaqembu aziwa ngokuthi “iLughnasad”. Le mikhosi yenziwa ehlobo ebusuku, ukuze phakathi nosuku izithelo nezinhlamvu ziqale ukukhula futhi zivunwe ekuseni.
Unkulunkulukazi uMorrigan "Inkosikazi Yobumnyama"
Unkulunkulukazi uMorrigan owaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi wokufa nokubhujiswa. Ikhona ezimpini futhi inamandla okufaka amaqhawe amandla, intukuthelo nobudlova. Unkulunkulukazi uMorrigan waziwa nangokuthi unkulunkulukazi wesifiso sobulili nothando oluvuthayo.
Ukuba unkulunkulukazi otholakala kukho konke ukulwa okufana nempi. Uthatha isimo segwababa ukuze akwazi ukundiza phezu kwempi ngayinye, efaka intukuthelo nesibindi emasosheni. Umsuka kankulunkulukazi uMorrigan wakhiwe ngonxantathu oyintombi enhle, umama nowesifazane ongumfelokazi.
Unkulunkulukazi wobumnyama lowo, kanye nodadewabo u-Badb, uMacha noNemain, ababengamalungu e-Tuatha Dé Danann eyayingawonkulunkulu bamaCelt. Babenamandla amakhulu futhi bahlala e-Ireland isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwezifiki zayo zamanje.
Futhi wayengunkulunkulukazi owayenabathandi abaningana besimo samakhosi nonkulunkulu, umlingani wakhe owaziwa kakhulu kwakungunkulunkulu wamaCeltic uDagda owaziwa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu omuhle. Ukuba unkulunkulukazi ovelele we-Tuatha Dé Dunann. Uyaziwa ukuthi ube nolunye uthando neqhawe eligama lakhe linguCuchulainn.
Leli qhawe lakwazi ukumelana nokuyengwa ngunkulunkulukazi, ngakho balwa nalo emikhakheni eyahlukene laze lakwazi ukumehlula kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lalithatha ziphi izimo. Kwaze kwaba yilapho iqhawe lilimele futhi uGoddess Morrigan waba nethuba lokumnakekela futhi asuse ubuhlungu bakhe, kodwa wamthatha unomphela ukuze amgcine eduze kwakhe.
Unkulunkulukazi wamaCeltic u-Epona "Umvikeli wabagibeli namahhashi"
Ungomunye wonkulunkulukazi beCeltic onendima yokuvikela abagibeli namahhashi. Ngokufanayo, uhlobene nenzalo, ubhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi womhlaba futhi unamandla okwelapha abantu abeza kuye befuna usizo.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaCeltic, unkulunkulukazi u-Epona ungunkulunkulukazi odume kakhulu futhi umelelwa njengowesifazane omuhle ohlezi ngemuva kwehhashi. Abanye abantu bamveza njengenyoni yamanzi.
Indaba kankulunkulukazi wamaCeltic u-Epona iyadida njengoba uyise wayengumuntu ovamile owayezonda bonke abantu besifazane. Kodwa ihhashi lensikazi elalinezici zobunkulunkulu yiyona eyayiphethe ukunikeza unkulunkulukazi igama.
Kubantu beCeltic kwakunobudlelwane obuseduze kakhulu namahhashi futhi ngenxa yalesi silwane ukwandiswa kwenganekwane kankulunkulukazi wamaCeltic u-Epona kwaba lula. Unkulunkulukazi ujabulela uthando olukhethekile esikweni lamaCeltic futhi amasiko ahlukahlukene anikelwa kuye, kanye neminikelo.
Emthethweni wezincwadi abakholelwa kuwo onkulunkulu bamaCeltic, abantu baseCeltic bakholelwa ukuthi usuku olungcono kakhulu lokukhokha intela nokucela ukungenelela kukankulunkulukazi wamaCeltic u-Epona ngoMgqibelo. Njengoba kuyisikhathi esifanele sokuhlanza amandla amabi kanye nezindawo ezingezinhle. Ngendlela efanayo, ucelwa ukuze izitshalo zinikezwe ngobuningi.
Abanye baye baveza ukuthi unkulunkulukazi u-Epona ungumhlahlandlela wemiphefumulo. Kodwa futhi unamandla okuletha ubulungiswa besihogo.
UNkulunkulu uBenelus "UNkulunkulu Womlilo, Ilanga Nokukhanya"
Ungomunye wonkulunkulu bamaCelt owaziwa ngelikaLanga.Amandla anawo awokuhlanza nokuvuselela, yingakho ehlotshaniswa nokuphilisa. Yingakho kwaphawulwa kakhulu abantu base-Ireland. Ngosuku lokuqala lukaMay enyangeni ngayinye kuba nomkhosi wokumhlonipha.
Abantu abahambela umkhosi kaNkulunkulu uBenelus kumele badanse futhi bagqoke imvunulo emibalabala njengoba kuwukwamukela intwasahlobo. Lo nkulunkulu waziwa nangokuthi Belenos, Beltayne, Balor, Beli, phakathi kwabanye. Ungunkulunkulu wamaCeltic owayenamandla okuphulukisa njengoba ayehlobene nokukhanya kwelanga nomlilo. Ngenxa yalesi simo bamfanisa nonkulunkulu wamaGreki u-Apollo.
Unkulunkulu wamaCeltic uBelenus wayeshade nonkulunkulukazi uBelisama owayengunkulunkulukazi womlilo. Bobabili onkulunkulu babhekwa njengonkulunkulu beCeltic abakhanyayo nabakhanyayo. Ngaphezu kokuba namandla okwelapha. Unomthwalo wemfanelo wokunakekela izimvu nezinkomo.
Njengamanje, imikhosi abayenzayo egameni likaNkulunkulu uBelenus ibizwa ngokuthi "May Day". Kulo mcimbi kukhona abantu abagqoke izingubo ezimibalabala futhi kumele badanse kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo, abantu benza lo mkhuba ukuze bavuse unkulunkulu welanga futhi bahlale bevutha njalo ekuseni.
Unkulunkulu wamaCeltic uCernunno "ungunkulunkulu wenzalo namandla"
Ungomunye wonkulunkulu beCeltic, ohlonishwa ngesipho sobudoda, ukuzala, ukuvuselela, ukuchichima nokuvuselela. Ngunkulunkulu owaziwa njengomuphi wezipho. Ubuye abe yinkosi yemidanso, njengoba enezimpondo ezinamandla wayenomthwalo wokunakekela amahlathi, futhi ungumpetha wokuzingela.
Kwamanye amasiko lo nkulunkulu wamaCeltic waziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu wokufa. Ngoba kuyisa imiphefumulo endaweni engaphansi. Ebandleni leNkathi Ephakathi, unkulunkulu wamaCelt uCernunno wayaziwa ngamagama anjengokuthi: Lucifer, uSathane noma udeveli.
Unkulunkulu uCernunno uvezwa njengonkulunkulu oluhlaza futhi umfanekiso wakhe utholakala emifanekisweni eminingi namuhla. Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini kaMargaret Murray ethi “The God of Witches”, ulandisa indaba kaNkulunkulu uCernunno njengomzingeli.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko mayelana nonkulunkulu baseCeltic sibalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: