EMesophothamiya yasendulo, kwakunonkulunkulu abaningi kulo muzi. Ngamunye wabo wayekhonzwa futhi ekhonzwa ngabathembekile bakhe ababenzela iminikelo ebalulekile, ngaphezu kokuwakhipha ngodwendwe nokuwakhonza.
Igama elithi mythology of Mesopotamia, lisetshenziselwa ukubiza zonke izinganekwane zempucuko ehlukene yendawo. AmaSumer ayenenkolo eyayinonkulunkulu abahlukahlukene., amademoni nemimoya eyayimelela amandla ahlukahlukene noma ukuba khona.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, Sizophenya ngonkulunkulu abahlukene baseMesophothamiya ababaluleke kakhulu empucukweni. Ezinkolelweni zabo, kutholakala ukuthi laba nkulunkulu yibo ekuqaleni abadala abantu ukuba babe yizigqila zabo.
Umlando wonkulunkulu baseMesophothamiya
Onkulunkulu baseMesophothamiya, Bayiqembu lonkulunkulu ababekhulekelwa izakhamuzi zaseMesopotamiya.. Lezi zibalo zaphezulu zazibonakala ngokubukeka kwazo kwe-anthropomorphic kanye nokwenza amasiko afana kakhulu nawabantu.
La masiko esikhuluma ngawo ukugana, ukuzalana nokufuna inzalo, ukulwa, njll. Kuthiwa yibo laba nkulunkulu abadala abantu. ngenjongo yokuthi babe yizinceku zabo futhi benze ukuphila kwabo kube lula ngosizo lwabo.
Njengakuzo zonke izinganekwane, kunezindaba ezingase zibe yiqiniso noma zingabi yiqiniso. Onkulunkulu baseMesophothamiya, kuthiwa babeziphindiselela futhi banonya, ebonisa ukungabi nazwelo phambi kobubele babantu.
Enye yezindaba ezaziwa kakhulu ezixoxa ngalo mlingiswa omubi indaba kaZamcolo. Kuyo kubonakala njengonkulunkulu U-Enlil uthatha isinqumo sokuqeda abantu ngokuba nomsindo nokungamvumeli ukuba alale.
Ngalo mbono wokwesaba, sifika endaweni ebalulekile futhi yilokho onkulunkulu bale nkolo babengakhonzwa ngothando kodwa okuphambene nalokho, kunenkolelo yokuthi babethi banokholo ngenxa yokwesaba nokuzithoba ekuziphindiseleni.
Idolobha ngalinye laseMesophothamiya, njengoba sesishilo, lalinonkulunkulu walo owayengumthwali wezinga lokuvikela kuleyondawo. I-terreiro ngayinye yayiphethwe unkulunkulu futhi kwakulapho amathempeli nezikhumbuzo okufanele zakhiwe ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe., ngaphezu kokuhlela imikhosi yeminikelo nemithandazo.
onkulunkulu ababalulekile baseMesopotamiya
Kunamakhulu amagama onkulunkulu baseMesophothamiya, kodwa kukhona onkulunkulu beqembu elithile abavelele kakhulu kunelinye. Kulesi sigaba sizokwetha igama abanye bonkulunkulu abavelele benkolo.
Ninali
Empucukweni yasendulo yaseSumeri, lokhu unkulunkulukazi wayehlobene nomoya. Igama lakhe langempela nguSud, kodwa waqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi uNinlil ngemva kokushada no-Enlil.
Imibhalo yasendulo yaseMesophothamiya ithi uNinlil wayehlala endaweni yezohwebo yaseDilmun futhi ngolunye usuku. wanquma ukugeza emfuleni enqunu, lapho athathwa khona ngenkani u-Enlil. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni u-Enlil axoshwe emhlabeni, kodwa wanquma ukumlandela.
Umthombo: https://hmn.wiki/en/Enlil_and_Ninlil
Enlil
Njengoba sesiphawulile, ngaphakathi kwenkolo yasendulo yamaSumeri. lonkulunkulu wayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu womhlaba, isibhakabhaka namanzi. Igama lalo nkulunkulu waseMesopotamiya lakhiwe ngamagama amabili aseSumeri, okokuqala, en okusho ukuthi mnumzane futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-lil elihlobene nomoya neziphepho.
Ngempucuko yaseMesopotamiya, ukuthuthukiswa nokuchuma kwezitshalo zabo Yayingahlangene nhlobo nesimo sezulu kodwa yayihlangene indlela elandelwa imifula. U-Enlil wayengunkulunkulu owesatshwayo njengoba ezikhathini eziningi wayezibonakalisa ngendlela engalungile ngokusebenzisa izikhukhula, izivunguvungu noma ukulungisa indlela yemifula.
Emiphakathini eyahlukene, wayengunkulunkulu okhonzwayo okwakunikelwa kuye. Laba bantu kwakungabaseBhabhiloni, abase-Asiriya, abase-Akkadian, namaKhanani. Ngokwezinganekwane lo nkulunkulu wazama ukuqeda izimpilo zabantu ngezikhathi ezahlukene kwazise bakubona kucasula.
Enki
Umthombo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/
Enki, kule nganekwane wayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu womhlaba. Ingenye yezithixo ezibaluleke kakhulu zempucuko yaseSumeri, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko kwakuwukudala abantu nokukhuthaza abanye onkulunkulu ukuba benze kanjalo.
Ngaphezu kokudala abantu, naye unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuzihlomisa ngolwazi emagatsheni ahlukene njengezolimo nezobuciko.
Ngokwezinga elithile, mythology futhi zihlobanisa lonkulunkulu nomhlaba wasemanzini njengoba umhlaba wakhe wawuse-Apsu, indawo etholakala lapho amanzi asendulo ephuma khona.
Utuswa ngokudala amatilosi.Bayimimoya enengxenye yomzimba wezinhlanzi nengxenye yomzimba womuntu. Izinganekwane zithi babengabeluleki bababusi bezinganekwane nabapristi base-Enki.
ereshkigal
Wabusa endaweni yabafileyo eceleni komyeni wakhe uNegal. Uyindodakazi kankulunkulu u-Anu nodadewabo ka-Inanna. Wathunjwa inyoka kankulunkulu uKuri, eyamhudulela endaweni engaphansi lapho ekhona.
ereshkigal, ebonakala ngobuhle bayo obukhulu ufisele uNergal ngokushesha nje lapho lesi sisekelo umhlaba wangaphansi njengesijeziso. Unkulunkulu kufanele enqabe noma yisiphi isipho esivela kunkulunkulukazi, akufanele adle, aphuze, ahlale futhi kufanele futhi amelane nesilingo socansi.
Unkulunkulu uNergali wakwenza lokho, wenqaba konke okwakunikelwa kuye, kodwa kwafika lapho engasakwazi ukukwamukela futhi wanikela ebuhleni bukankulunkulukazi. Bachitha ubusuku obuyisikhombisa ndawonye, kodwa uNergal wabuyela emhlabeni wesibhakabhaka eshiya u-Ereshkigal yedwa, ongazange aphathe kahle futhi wasongela ukuthumela abashonile uma engabuyeli kuye.
UNergal wayengenayo enye indlela ngaphandle kokubuyela endaweni engaphansi futhi ngemva komcimbi omnyama babusa bobabili endaweni engaphansi komhlaba.
i-nergal
Umthombo: https://www.ucm.es/
UNkulunkulu wabafileyo kanye nomyeni kankulunkulukazi u-Ereshkigal. Uba ngumbusi wabaphansi, lapho ezama ukunquma uqhoqhoqho umkakhe ngenxa yokumsabisa ngemuva kokulahlwa kwakhe. Uthembisa ukubusa ndawonye futhi uyasamukela isiphakamiso.
Akahlotshaniswa nabafileyo kuphela, kodwa futhi imililo, izinambuzane, izifo nezinye izehlakalo ezidala incithakalo nokucekela phansi.
nanar
Indodana yonkulunkulu u-Enlil no-Ninlil, okuthiwa unkulunkulu wenyanga. Ezakhamuzini zaseSumeri, lo nkulunkulu waziwa ngegama likaNannar, uma kuqhathaniswa nabaseBabiloni nama-Arcadian amhlonza ngegama likaSin.
Lapho idolobha lase-Uri libusa esifundeni, unkulunkulu uNannar waba unkulunkulu ophakeme wonkulunkulu. Ubuye athathwe njengonkulunkulu wenyanga, uyise wokuhlakanipha. Uvezwe njengekhehla elinezimpondo nentshebe ye-lapis lazuli.
Nigal
Umthombo: https://hablemosdemitologias.com/
Ungumfazi kankulunkulu uNannar noma uSir, njengaye, ubhekwa njengonkulunkulukazi wenyanga. Ezikhathini ezihlukahlukene, lo nkulunkulu uqondwa njengonkulunkulukazi wenkomo, yingakho abelusi bezinkomo abaningi bemkhulekela.
Kuyinto ezihlobene nezilwane, ephenduka ibe yisigqila sokuzala.
Nabu
Indodana yonkulunkulu uMarduk noZarpanitum, UNabu wayengunkulunkulu wababhali nokubhala. Ukumelwa kwawo kungezimpawu ezifana namaphilisi noma amathuluzi ahlobene nokubhala.
Unkulunkulu lo onesibopho sokubhala isiphetho somuntu ngamunye esibhebheni semibhalo engcwele. Kamuva wahlotshaniswa namagugu okuhlakanipha kanye nenqubo yezolimo.
Marduk
Umthombo: https://en.wikipedia.org/
Ungomunye wonkulunkulu abayinhloko baseBhabhiloni. Wayeyizibulo likankulunkulu u-Enlil, wayekhonzwa njengonkulunkulu wendalo, amanzi, imvelo, imilingo nokwahlulela.
Kuwo wonke umlando, i Igama lalo nkulunkulu lishintsha izikhathi eziningana enganekwaneni yendalo yaseBabiloni. Wayemelelwe enomfanekiso womuntu eduze kukadrako oyinceku.
Ki
Phakathi kwabo bonke onkulunkulu besifazane, I-Ki ingenye yezibaluleke kakhulu enkolweni yaseMesophothamiya. Baningi ongoti bezemfundo abangabazayo ukuba khona kwalo nkulunkulukazi ngoba abukho ubufakazi benkolo yakhe obutholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama lakhe livela kuphela emibhalweni yamaSumeri ehlotshaniswa nendalo.
U-Anu
Umthombo: https://mitoyleyenda.com/
Inkosi yawonkulunkulu, yezinkanyezi neyezulu. Beshade nonkulunkulukazi uKi, bahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu esibhakabhakeni.
U-Anu unayo amandla okwahlulela labo abenze ubugebengu nezenzo ezimbi. Ngokwezinganekwane, izinkanyezi zadalwa yilo nkulunkulu futhi zasebenza njengamasosha aqapha abantu ababi.
Ingenye ye onkulunkulu abadala baseMesophothamiyaKanye nonkulunkulu u-Enlil nonkulunkulukazi uNinlin, bangonkulunkulu abathathu ababaluleke kakhulu ngokomlando.
Innana
La unkulunkulukazi wempi nothando, ngaphandle kokuba umvikeli wedolobha lase-Uruk. U-Innana, uhlobene nonkulunkulukazi uVenus, ngakho uhlobene nonkulunkulukazi wamaGreki u-Aphrodite.
Imibhalo yamaSumeri ezihlobene noNannar kanye noNigal, abazali bakhe, naye wayenodadewabo oyiwele owaziwa ngokuthi u-Utu.
Innana lalinamathempeli angu-15 ahlukene, amanye abaluleke kakhulu kunamanye ngokuhlonipha kwakho. Enkulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yayisedolobheni lase-Uruk.
Umthombo: https://es.wikipedia.org/
Onkulunkulu babengase bamelwe izimpawu noma izifanekiselo kanye nemifanekiso. Unkulunkulu ngamunye esikhulume ngabo kanye nabo bonke abasasele kithi, bakhethwa ukuba bamelele imisebenzi ethile ehlobene nalokho okwakha indawo yonke nokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Sikutshelile ngabanye bonkulunkulu baseMesophothamiya ababaluleke kakhulu bale nkolo, sithemba ukuthi le ncwadi ikusize ufunde ngamasiko amasha, kanye nokuthakazelisa kuwe.